CN109914901B - Integral extraction method for brick-type structural door buildings in ancient Song and Yuan season grave - Google Patents
Integral extraction method for brick-type structural door buildings in ancient Song and Yuan season grave Download PDFInfo
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- CN109914901B CN109914901B CN201910215029.4A CN201910215029A CN109914901B CN 109914901 B CN109914901 B CN 109914901B CN 201910215029 A CN201910215029 A CN 201910215029A CN 109914901 B CN109914901 B CN 109914901B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for integrally extracting a brick type structure gateway in ancient Song and Yuan period grave, which comprises the following steps of firstly, reinforcing the outer part of the grave gateway by adopting a gypsum reinforcing layer and a nylon anti-cracking net; then, winding and reinforcing through flat iron; then, wrapping the side surface of the door post with a wood board for blocking; secondly, excavating soil around the coffin chamber by using a small excavator, and only reserving a gate building; undercut processing is carried out on the bottoms of the two pairs of door columns; and finally, hoisting the channel steel welded frame body to a transport vehicle by matching a crane with a chain block, and realizing integral hoisting and storage of the gateway. The extraction technology can be used for integrally extracting the brick-type structure doorways in ancient Song and Yuan-season burial, and the structural integrity of the doorways and the maximum value of cultural relics are preserved; the loss of the cultural relic value possibly caused in the process of disassembly and reassembly in the prior art scheme is avoided; all the used materials can be completely removed, and no new chemical substances are added to the gate building structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ancient tomb excavation, in particular to a method for integrally extracting a brick-type structure gateway in ancient tomb in Song and Yuan periods.
Background
Ancient China, the people of all the past have stricter regulations on the funeral system, and early days, the tomb-shaped system has a rammed earth structure, a three-in-one earth structure, a wood structure and a stone structure. With the development of clay brick firing process, the phenomenon of building underground buildings by bricks begins to appear, and brick type structures gradually become the main carrier of underground historic grave buildings after the Tang dynasty. Especially ancient graves in Song and Yuan periods, the shape and the form of a round vault brick carving grave are basically reserved, and the ancient grave mainly comprises a grave path, a corridor, a gateway, a coffin chamber and the like. Wherein, the door building with the brick structure can reflect the height of the grave specification most. The vertical column security doors, the beasts in front of the doors, the mullion horizontal inscribed boards and the bracket cornices completely imitate the construction of buildings used on the ground, and can be called as miniature and magnificent 'buildings'. They are important physical evidences for studying ancient brick-type building process, geomantic omen and funeral concept.
The cultural relics have uniqueness in time, namely non-reproducibility, and the loss of the cultural relics entity and the loss of the value of the cultural relics are not recoverable. The brick type structure gate building in the ancient grave can be completely extracted and stored, and not only can the building entity retained by the ancient people be protected, but also the greatest preservation of the humanistic spirit of the ancient people can be realized.
At present, aiming at the extraction technology of brick type structure doorways in ancient Song and Yuan-epoch graves, two kinds are adopted in the prior technical scheme: one is a technique of completely disassembling and reassembling; the other is a technique of partial disassembly and reassembly. The two technical schemes are that brick-type gateway buildings in the grave are numbered uniformly and then are completely or partially disassembled, and then are rebuilt according to previous mapping data and images, so that the original face is recovered as much as possible.
Their disadvantages are:
(1) the brick type gateway is easy to make mistakes after disassembly, and the original appearance of the brick type gateway building in the grave cannot be completely restored or deviation is generated, so that the loss which cannot be compensated is caused;
(2) the brick body is inevitably damaged in the process of disassembly and assembly, so that the value of the cultural relics is lost;
(3) in the process of building again, modern adhesive is added to bond the brick bodies, modern chemical substances are added to the interior of the brick type gateway building in the burial, and therefore the value of the cultural relics is also reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for integrally extracting a brick-type structure gateway in ancient Song and Yuan season burial. The extraction of brick-type structure doorbuildings in tomb burial in Song and Yuan periods is an important task for archaeological excavation on cultural relic sites. The degree of mastery of the extraction technology can directly influence the final protection effect of the unearthed cultural relics. The method for integrally extracting the brick-type structure gate building in ancient period Song and Yuan period burial (hereinafter referred to as the technology) is a technology for integrally extracting the brick-type gate building with loose structure in the ancient burial. The technology is implemented in the process of extracting and moving the original generation grave gate building of Yaohun village in Shandong, Qiongdong, Laizhou city and the Song generation grave gate building in Shandong, obtains good effect and provides good reference for cultural relics protection and extraction work of archaeological excavation site.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the integral extraction method of the brick-type structure gate building in ancient Song and Yuan season grave comprises the following specific steps:
removing soil on the back of a brick body of a brick type gateway building in burial, uniformly coating medical gypsum on the back of the cleaned brick body to form a reinforcing layer, and adding a nylon anti-cracking net into the gypsum layer to play a role in preventing consolidated gypsum from loosening;
longitudinally winding five circles of flat iron and transversely winding four circles of flat iron from the security door to the top, welding the longitudinal and transverse flat iron together to form a net shape, and tightly connecting the inclined brick body at the upper part of the gateway with the gate post;
wrapping the side face of the gate post with a wood board, and supporting the hollow part of the security gate in the transverse and longitudinal directions by using a sponge layer, a PE foam board layer, a wood board layer and a wood purlin layer from inside to outside in sequence;
digging soil around the coffin chamber by using a small excavator, leveling a working surface, only leaving a gateway, tightly attaching two wide wood boards to two sides of the gateway, and binding the wood boards and the gateway by using thick iron wires to attach the wood boards and the gateway together;
step five, performing undercut treatment on the bottoms of two doorposts, namely inserting two H-shaped I-shaped steels (iron rail steels) of 2.0m below each gate pier along the longitudinal direction of the gate building, and supporting the gate building through 4 four I-shaped steels (iron rail steels);
then, the channel steel is used as a framework, an iron cage is welded on the periphery of the gate tower, the channel steel is welded with I-shaped steel (iron rail steel) below the gate post, and angle iron is welded at the right angle of the channel steel framework to form a plurality of triangles, so that the channel steel framework is firmer and firmer;
secondly, according to the shape of the brick carving of the gateway, workers manufacture structures with the same shape as the brick carving by using wood boards and wood purlins and apply the structures on the brick body;
then, angle irons are used for welding a wood board and a wood purlin made structure with the same appearance, one end of each angle iron is welded on the channel steel frame, and the other end of each angle iron is supported on the wood board structure with the same appearance;
finally, the I-shaped steel (iron rail steel) at the bottom, the channel steel frame at the periphery of the gate tower, the wooden frame tightly attached to the brick body and the gate tower form a firm whole;
hoisting and transporting, namely, two nylon hoisting belts with the maximum hoisting capacity of 10 tons transversely penetrate through the I-shaped steel (iron rail steel) at the bottom, and are closed above the channel steel frame, and when the hoisting belts are installed, the whole door building frame is stressed uniformly; according to measurement and calculation of workers, the weight of the gate building and the frame is about 7 tons, the distance between the gate building and the ground surface is about 4m, and the distance between a crane lifting point and the gate building is about 6m, so that the crane with the maximum lifting capacity of 30 tonnages is used for lifting; under the command of workers, the crane slowly lifts the gate building and stably places the gate building on a large-tonnage transport vehicle; the staff has still used 2 maximum pulling force to be 2 tons of chain blocks respectively before and after the channel steel frame, links together the iron frame of gatehouse and the automobile body of haulage vehicle, makes the gatehouse keep steady in the transportation.
The first step is to coat at least four layers of gypsum reinforcing layer and nylon anti-cracking net.
It is further noted that the thickness of the gypsum reinforcement layer is 1/3-1/2 of the length of the brick.
The beneficial effect of the invention is that compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention mainly has the following advantages:
(1) the brick type structure gate building in ancient Song and Yuan dynasty graves can be integrally extracted, and the integrity of the gate building structure and the maximum value of cultural relics are preserved.
(2) The loss of the cultural relic value possibly caused in the process of disassembly and reassembly in the prior art scheme is avoided.
(3) Various materials used in the technical scheme can be completely removed, and new chemical substances cannot be added to the gate structure. Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first generation grave gateway;
FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams of step one;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of step two;
FIGS. 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams of step three;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of step four;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of step five;
FIGS. 9 and 10 are schematic diagrams of step six;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, soil on the back of brick bodies of brick type gate buildings in burial is removed, and loose brick bodies are reinforced by reinforcing layers such as medical gypsum (the medical gypsum is low in cost, easy to break and easy to process, and has low damage to wrapped bodies) and nylon anti-cracking nets;
as shown in figure 4, from the security door to the top, the band iron is longitudinally wound for 5 circles, the band iron is transversely wound for 4 circles, the longitudinal and transverse band irons are welded together to form a net shape, so that the inclined brick body at the upper part of the gate tower can be tightly connected with the gate post, the traction effect of the gate post on the part above the bracket arch is enhanced, and the whole gate tower is integrated.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the side of the doorpost is wrapped with wood to prevent the brick carving from being damaged during transportation. In addition, sponge, PE foam boards, wood boards and wood beams are used for supporting the hollow part of the security door in the transverse and longitudinal directions, so that the two door columns are stressed uniformly during carrying to form a whole.
As shown in fig. 7, the soil around the coffin chamber is dug out by a mini excavator to level the work surface, leaving only the gate. Two wide boards are tightly attached to two sides of the gate building, and the boards and the gate building are bundled by thick iron wires to enable the boards and the gate building to be attached together so as to prevent the bricks on two sides of the gate building from loosening.
As shown in fig. 8, the bottom of the two doorposts is undercut. Two H-shaped I-shaped steel beams (iron rail steel) with the diameter of 2.0m are inserted under each gate pier along the longitudinal direction of the gate tower, and the gate tower is supported by 4I-shaped steel beams (iron rail steel). The channel steel is used as a framework, an iron cage is welded on the periphery of the gate tower, then the channel steel is welded with I-shaped steel (iron rail steel) below a gate post, and finally angle iron is welded at the right angle of a channel steel frame to form a plurality of triangles, so that the channel steel frame is firmer and firmer. According to the shape of the door building brick carving, a plurality of special-shaped structures are manufactured by wood boards and wood purlin for workers to be pasted on a brick body, then angle irons are used for welding a plurality of special-shaped bodies, one ends of the angle irons are welded on the channel steel frame, the other ends of the angle irons are supported on the special-shaped wood board structure, and therefore the bottom I-steel (iron rail steel), the channel steel frame on the periphery of the door building, the wood frame clinging to the brick body and the door building form a firm whole.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, for hoisting and transportation. Two nylon hoisting belts with the maximum hoisting capacity of 10 tons transversely penetrate through the I-shaped steel (iron rail steel) at the bottom, are folded above the channel steel frame, and when the hoisting belts are installed, the whole door building frame is stressed uniformly as much as possible. According to measurement and calculation of workers, the weight of the gate building and the frame is about 7 tons, the distance between the gate building and the ground surface is about 4m, and the distance between a crane lifting point and the gate building is about 6m, so that the crane with the maximum lifting capacity of 30 tonnages is used for lifting. Under the command of workers, the crane slowly lifts the gate building and stably places the gate building on a large-tonnage transport vehicle. In order to ensure the stable and safe transportation process, the working personnel respectively use 2 chain blocks with the maximum tension of 2 tons in front of and behind the channel steel frame to connect the iron frame of the gate building with the vehicle body of the transportation vehicle, so that the gate building is kept stable in the transportation process.
It should be noted that the reinforcing layer and the nylon anti-cracking net can be coated on four or more layers according to the thickness and the structure of the brick type gateway building brick body in the grave, so that the structure is protected preferentially and the gateway is prevented from being scattered. The parts of the door building brick carving, the mural and the like are firstly sealed and stored by adherence with soft materials such as sponge layers and the like, and then are internally supported and reinforced through foam boards, wood boards and wood beams.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and variations which do not require inventive efforts and which are made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The integral extraction method of the brick-type structure gate building in ancient Song and Yuan season grave is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
removing soil on the back of a brick body of a brick type gateway building in burial, uniformly coating medical gypsum on the back of the cleaned brick body to form a reinforcing layer, and adding a nylon anti-cracking net into the gypsum layer to play a role in preventing consolidated gypsum from loosening;
longitudinally winding five circles of flat iron and transversely winding four circles of flat iron from the security door to the top, welding the longitudinal and transverse flat iron together to form a net shape, and tightly connecting the inclined brick body at the upper part of the gateway with the gate post;
wrapping the side face of the gate post with a wood board, and supporting the hollow part of the security gate in the transverse and longitudinal directions by using a sponge layer, a PE foam board layer, a wood board layer and a wood purlin layer from inside to outside in sequence;
digging soil around the coffin chamber by using a small excavator, leveling a working surface, only leaving a gateway, tightly attaching two wide wood boards to two sides of the gateway, and binding the wood boards and the gateway by using thick iron wires to attach the wood boards and the gateway together;
step five, performing undercut treatment on the bottoms of two doorposts, namely inserting two H-shaped I-beams of 2.0m below each gate pier along the longitudinal direction of the gate building, and supporting the gate building through 4 four I-beams;
then, the channel steel is used as a framework, an iron cage is welded on the periphery of the gate tower, the channel steel and I-shaped steel below a gate post are welded together, and angle iron is welded at the right angle of a channel steel frame to form a plurality of triangles, so that the channel steel frame is firmer and firmer;
secondly, according to the shape of the brick carving of the gateway, workers manufacture structures which are the same as the shapes of the brick carving by using wood boards and wood purlins and apply the structures to the brick body;
then, angle irons are used for welding a wood board and a wood purlin made structure with the same appearance, one end of each angle iron is welded on the channel steel frame, and the other end of each angle iron is supported on the wood board structure with the same appearance;
finally, the I-steel at the bottom, the channel steel frame at the periphery of the gateway and the wooden frame tightly attached to the brick body form a firm whole with the gateway;
hoisting and transporting, namely, two nylon hoisting belts with the maximum hoisting capacity of 10 tons transversely penetrate through the I-steel at the bottom, and are folded above the channel steel frame, and when the hoisting belts are installed, the whole door building frame is stressed uniformly; according to measurement and calculation of workers, the weight of the gate building and the frame is about 7 tons, the distance between the gate building and the ground surface is about 4m, and the distance between a crane lifting point and the gate building is about 6m, so that the crane with the maximum lifting capacity of 30 tonnages is used for lifting; under the command of workers, the crane slowly lifts the gate building and stably places the gate building on a large-tonnage transport vehicle; the staff has still used 2 maximum pulling force to be 2 tons of chain blocks respectively before and after the channel steel frame, links together the iron frame of gatehouse and the automobile body of haulage vehicle, makes the gatehouse keep steady in the transportation.
2. The method for integrally extracting a brick-type structural gateway in ancient sons and buries in Yuan Shih according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, at least four layers of gypsum reinforcing layers and nylon anti-cracking nets are coated.
3. The method for integrally extracting a brick-type structural gateway in ancient Song and Yuan epoch burial according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the gypsum reinforcement layer is 1/3-1/2 of the brick length.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0457969A1 (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1991-11-27 | Bernfried Dr.Ing. Sudbrack | Method and device for the lifting of buildings |
| JP2002021372A (en) * | 2000-07-12 | 2002-01-23 | Sankyu Inc | Method for transferring large torii (japanese shrine gate) |
| CN101092850A (en) * | 2006-06-22 | 2007-12-26 | 张准胜 | Method and installation for rising building or historical building / cluster of historical building integrally |
| CN102975831A (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2013-03-20 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 | Storage and transfer device for underwater hoisting |
| CN107842212A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-27 | 中国建筑局（集团）有限公司 | Cutting protection structure for building legacy jacking pipe and construction method thereof |
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2019
- 2019-03-21 CN CN201910215029.4A patent/CN109914901B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0457969A1 (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1991-11-27 | Bernfried Dr.Ing. Sudbrack | Method and device for the lifting of buildings |
| JP2002021372A (en) * | 2000-07-12 | 2002-01-23 | Sankyu Inc | Method for transferring large torii (japanese shrine gate) |
| CN101092850A (en) * | 2006-06-22 | 2007-12-26 | 张准胜 | Method and installation for rising building or historical building / cluster of historical building integrally |
| CN102975831A (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2013-03-20 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 | Storage and transfer device for underwater hoisting |
| CN107842212A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-27 | 中国建筑局（集团）有限公司 | Cutting protection structure for building legacy jacking pipe and construction method thereof |
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