CN109877342B - Amorphous noble metal nanosheet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Amorphous noble metal nanosheet and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of amorphous noble metal nanosheets, which comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly mixing solid powder of inorganic salt and noble metal organic salt, calcining at high temperature, and removing the inorganic salt to obtain the carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanosheet. According to the invention, inorganic salt is used as a template, noble metal organic salt is used as a precursor, a large amount of amorphous noble metal nano-sheets can be prepared by a high-temperature pyrolysis method, and noble metal atoms exist in a disordered form and are uniformly dispersed on the carbon nano-sheets. The preparation method is simple and feasible, has high repetition rate and yield and universality, can be used for preparing other metal amorphous materials, and is expected to become one of effective methods for preparing amorphous noble metal nano materials. The preparation method of the amorphous noble metal nanosheet is provided for the first time, and the method provides a brand new strategy for preparing the amorphous noble metal nanosheet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nano materials, in particular to an amorphous noble metal nanosheet and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Due to the unique physical and chemical properties of the noble metal, the noble metal nano material has wide application in the fields of catalysis, energy storage, conversion and the like. However, the expensive price and scarcity of noble metals severely restrict the large-scale practical application of noble metal catalysts. In order to improve the atom utilization rate and the effective activity of the noble metal, the regulation and the optimization of the crystal phase of the noble metal nano material are one of effective ways for solving the problems, and particularly, the construction of the amorphous noble metal nano material greatly improves the catalytic performance of the catalyst to a certain extent.
Compared with a crystalline material, the amorphous material has a unique atomic arrangement mode and has the characteristics of short-range order and long-term disordered atomic arrangement. Thus, amorphous materials exhibit different and unique chemical and structural properties from crystalline materials, such as isotropy, high concentration of unsaturated coordination active sites, widely adjustable compositional components, and the like. Because of the unique chemical and structural characteristics, the amorphous material shows far better catalytic performance than the corresponding crystalline material in the fields of chemical production, energy conversion, environmental remediation and the like, thereby being widely concerned.
At present, the synthesis of amorphous materials mainly comprises a rapid freezing method, an electrodeposition method, a photodegradation synthesis method and the like. However, these synthesis methods are cumbersome, have no versatility, and are difficult to precisely control the morphology and size of the amorphous nano-material. Therefore, the synthesis of the amorphous noble metal nano material with precise size and shape control is still a great challenge.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an amorphous noble metal nanosheet and a preparation method thereof, which are simple and easy to implement, high in repetition rate and yield, and universal.
The invention provides a preparation method of amorphous noble metal nanosheets, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) uniformly mixing solid powder of inorganic salt and noble metal organic salt, calcining at high temperature, and removing the inorganic salt to obtain the carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanosheet.
According to the invention, inorganic salt is used as a template, noble metal organic salt is used as a precursor, and noble metal atoms and non-metal carbon atoms interact through a high-temperature pyrolysis method to form the carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanosheet. The noble metal atoms are present in a disordered form and are uniformly dispersed on the carbon nanosheets. The preparation method is simple and easy to implement, has universality, and can also be used for preparing other metal amorphous materials.
Wherein the inorganic salt is preferably one or more of a nitrate salt and a halogen salt.
Wherein the nitrate is preferably NaNO3(ii) a The halogen salt is preferably KBr.
The noble metal organic salt is preferably an acetylacetonate of a noble metal atom. The noble metal atom is preferably one or more of Rh, Ru and Ir.
That is, the noble metal organic salt is preferably one or more of rhodium acetylacetonate, ruthenium acetylacetonate, and iridium acetylacetonate.
The mass ratio of the inorganic salt to the noble metal organic salt is preferably (1-2): 1.
preferably, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
A) mixing an inorganic salt aqueous solution and an ethanol solution of a noble metal organic salt to obtain a mixed solution;
B) drying the mixed solution obtained in the step A) to obtain mixed solid powder of inorganic salt and precious metal organic salt;
C) calcining the mixed solid powder obtained in the step B) at high temperature, washing with a mixed solution of ethanol and water or water, and removing inorganic salts to obtain the carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanosheet.
Firstly, mixing an inorganic salt aqueous solution and an ethanol solution of a noble metal organic salt to obtain a mixed solution.
In the present invention, preferably, the aqueous solution of the inorganic salt is added dropwise to the ethanol solution of the noble metal organic salt, and the mixture is stirred and mixed.
The stirring time is not particularly limited, and is preferably 3 to 5 hours.
And then drying the obtained mixed solution to obtain mixed solid powder of inorganic salt and noble metal organic salt.
The drying temperature is preferably 60-90 ℃.
The resulting mixed solid powder is then calcined at high temperature.
The method of calcination in the present invention is not particularly limited, and the calcination method known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In some embodiments of the invention, the solid powder is placed in a porcelain boat, which is placed in a tube furnace and subjected to high temperature calcination.
The high-temperature calcination temperature is preferably 260-300 ℃; the time is preferably 90-120 min.
In the present invention, the high-temperature calcination is preferably performed in an air atmosphere.
The heating rate of the high-temperature calcination is preferably 3-8 ℃/min. Further preferably 5 ℃/min.
And (3) calcining at high temperature, naturally cooling the material to room temperature, washing with a mixed solution of ethanol and water, or washing with deionized water, and removing inorganic salts to obtain the carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanosheet.
The number of washing is not particularly limited, and is preferably 3 to 4.
The invention also provides a carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanosheet prepared according to the preparation method.
Preferably, the thickness of the carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanosheet is 4-10 nm, and the width of the carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanosheet is 1-2 microns.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the amorphous noble metal alloy nanosheet, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) uniformly mixing solid powder of inorganic salt, precious metal organic salt and non-precious metal organic salt, calcining at high temperature, and removing the inorganic salt to obtain the carbon-doped amorphous precious metal alloy nanosheet.
Wherein, the inorganic salt and the noble metal organic salt are the same as above, and are not described again.
The non-noble metal organic salt is preferably acetylacetone salt of non-noble metal atoms; the non-noble metal atoms are preferably 3d transition metals, and in some embodiments, the non-noble metal atoms are selected from one or more of Ni, Fe, and Co.
The mass ratio of the inorganic salt to the noble metal organic salt to the non-noble metal organic salt is preferably (1-2): 1: (0.01-0.1).
Preferably, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
A) mixing an inorganic salt aqueous solution, an ethanol solution of a noble metal organic salt and an ethanol solution of a non-noble metal organic salt to obtain a mixed solution;
B) drying the mixed solution obtained in the step A) to obtain mixed solid powder of inorganic salt, precious metal organic salt and non-precious metal organic salt;
C) calcining the mixed solid powder obtained in the step B) at high temperature, washing with a mixed solution of ethanol and water or water, and removing inorganic salts to obtain the carbon-doped amorphous noble metal alloy nanosheet.
Firstly, mixing an inorganic salt aqueous solution, an ethanol solution of a noble metal organic salt and an ethanol solution of a non-noble metal organic salt to obtain a mixed solution.
Preferably, the inorganic salt aqueous solution and the ethanol solution of the non-noble metal organic salt are dropwise added into the ethanol solution of the noble metal organic salt, and are stirred and mixed.
The stirring time is not particularly limited, and is preferably 3 to 5 hours.
And then drying the obtained mixed solution to obtain mixed solid powder of inorganic salt, precious metal organic salt and non-precious metal organic salt.
The drying temperature is preferably 60-90 ℃.
The resulting mixed solid powder is then calcined at high temperature.
The specific operation and conditions of the high-temperature calcination are the same as above, and are not described in detail herein.
And (3) calcining at high temperature, naturally cooling the material to room temperature, washing with a mixed solution of ethanol and water, or washing with deionized water, and removing inorganic salts to obtain the carbon-doped amorphous noble metal alloy nanosheet.
The number of washing is not particularly limited, and is preferably 3 to 4.
The invention also provides a carbon-doped amorphous noble metal alloy nanosheet prepared according to the preparation method.
Preferably, the thickness of the carbon-doped amorphous noble metal alloy nanosheet is 4-10 nm, and the width of the carbon-doped amorphous noble metal alloy nanosheet is 1-2 microns.
The invention provides a preparation method of amorphous noble metal nanosheets, which comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly mixing solid powder of inorganic salt and noble metal organic salt, calcining at high temperature, and removing the inorganic salt to obtain the carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanosheet. According to the invention, inorganic salt is used as a template, noble metal organic salt is used as a precursor, a large amount of amorphous noble metal nano-sheets can be prepared by a high-temperature pyrolysis method, and noble metal atoms exist in a disordered form and are uniformly dispersed on the carbon nano-sheets. The preparation method is simple and feasible, has high repetition rate and yield and universality, can be used for preparing other metal amorphous materials, and is expected to become one of effective methods for preparing amorphous noble metal nano materials.
The preparation method of the amorphous noble metal nanosheet provided by the invention is firstly provided, belongs to a general synthesis method of the amorphous noble metal nanosheet, and the prepared amorphous noble metal nanosheet comprises an amorphous noble metal single metal nanosheet and an amorphous noble metal alloy nanosheet.
When the added noble metal organic salt is one, amorphous noble metal single metal nanosheets, such as amorphous iridium nanosheets, amorphous rhodium nanosheets and amorphous ruthenium nanosheets, are prepared.
When the added noble metal organic salt is various, amorphous noble metal alloy nanosheets are prepared, including noble metal-noble metal bimetal/trimetal alloy nanosheets, such as amorphous iridium ruthenium nanosheets, amorphous iridium rhodium nanosheets, amorphous rhodium ruthenium nanosheets, amorphous iridium rhodium ruthenium nanosheets and the like.
When the added raw materials comprise precious metal organic salt and non-precious metal organic salt, amorphous precious metal alloy nanosheets are prepared, including precious metal-non-precious metal bimetallic/trimetallic alloy nanosheets, such as amorphous rhodium iron nanosheets, amorphous rhodium cobalt nanosheets, amorphous rhodium nickel nanosheets, amorphous ruthenium iron nanosheets, amorphous ruthenium nickel nanosheets, amorphous ruthenium cobalt nanosheets, amorphous iridium iron nanosheets, amorphous iridium nickel nanosheets, amorphous iridium cobalt nanosheets and the like.
The method provides a brand new strategy for preparing the amorphous noble metal nanosheets.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a transmission electron microscope image, a high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope image and an X-ray diffraction pattern of an amorphous iridium nanosheet catalyst prepared in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a transmission electron microscope image, a high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope image and an X-ray diffraction pattern of an amorphous rhodium nanosheet catalyst prepared in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscope image, a high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope image and an X-ray diffraction pattern of an amorphous rhodium-iron nanosheet catalyst prepared in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a transmission electron microscope image, a high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope image and an X-ray diffraction pattern of the amorphous iridium ruthenium nanosheet catalyst prepared by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following describes the ultrathin two-dimensional amorphous noble metal nanosheet material provided by the present invention, and the preparation method and application thereof in detail with reference to the examples.
Example 1
Preparing carbon-doped amorphous iridium nanosheets:
(1) dissolving 10 mg of iridium acetylacetonate in an ethanol solution, dropwise adding 1mL of a mixed solution of sodium nitrate aqueous solution (16 mg/mL), and stirring for 4 hours to obtain a uniform solution;
(2) putting the obtained mixed solution into a drying oven at 65 ℃, and drying the solvent to obtain mixed solid powder of acetylacetone salt of metal iridium and sodium nitrate;
(3) and putting the obtained solid powder into a porcelain boat, and putting the porcelain boat into a tube furnace. Heating to 300 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min under the air atmosphere, calcining for 90min, and then naturally cooling to room temperature. And washing the solution for 3 to 4 times by using a mixed solution of ethanol and water to obtain the carbon-doped amorphous iridium nanosheet.
The morphology of the prepared carbon-doped amorphous iridium nanosheet is characterized, and the result is shown in fig. 1, wherein fig. 1 is a transmission electron microscope image (a), a high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope image (b) and an X-ray diffraction spectrum (c) of the carbon-doped amorphous iridium nanosheet catalyst prepared by the method disclosed by the invention.
As can be seen from fig. 1: the obtained nano sheet is a carbon-doped amorphous iridium nano sheet with the size of about 1.0 mu m and disordered atomic arrangement.
Example 2
Preparing carbon-doped amorphous rhodium nanosheets:
the difference from the embodiment 1 is that: 8 mg of rhodium acetylacetonate was dissolved in an ethanol solution, and 1mL of an aqueous potassium bromide solution (16 mg/mL) was added dropwise. And stirring the mixed solution for 4 hours, drying, and then putting the obtained sample into a tubular furnace to calcine for 90min at 280 ℃ in the air atmosphere to obtain the carbon-doped amorphous rhodium nanosheet.
The morphology of the prepared carbon-doped amorphous rhodium nanosheet is characterized, and the result is shown in fig. 2, wherein fig. 2 is a transmission electron microscope image (a), a high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope image (b) and an X-ray diffraction pattern (c) of the carbon-doped amorphous rhodium nanosheet catalyst prepared by the method disclosed by the invention.
As can be seen from fig. 2: the obtained nano-sheet is a carbon-doped amorphous rhodium nano-sheet with the size of about 1.0 mu m and disordered atomic arrangement.
Example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: 8 mg of ruthenium acetylacetonate was dissolved in an ethanol solution, and 1mL of an aqueous potassium bromide solution (16 mg/mL) was added dropwise. And stirring the mixed solution for 4 hours, drying, and then putting the obtained sample into a tubular furnace to calcine for 90min at 280 ℃ in the air atmosphere to obtain the carbon-doped amorphous ruthenium nanosheet.
Example 4
Preparing amorphous noble metal-non-noble metal bimetal/trimetal nanosheets:
taking carbon-doped amorphous rhodium iron nanosheets as an example:
the difference from the embodiment 1 is that: 8 mg of rhodium acetylacetonate was dissolved in an ethanol solution, and 0.25 mL of an iron acetylacetonate ethanol solution (1.4 mg/mL) and 1mL of an aqueous potassium bromide solution (16 mg/mL) were added dropwise. And stirring the mixed solution for 4 hours, drying, and then putting the obtained sample into a tubular furnace to calcine for 90min at 270 ℃ in the air atmosphere to obtain the carbon-doped amorphous rhodium-iron nanosheet.
The morphology of the prepared carbon-doped amorphous rhodium iron nanosheet is characterized, and the result is shown in fig. 3, wherein fig. 3 is a transmission electron microscope image (a), a high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope image (b) and an X-ray diffraction pattern (c) of the carbon-doped amorphous rhodium iron nanosheet catalyst prepared by the invention.
As can be seen from fig. 3: the obtained nano sheet is a carbon-doped amorphous rhodium iron nano sheet with the size of about 1.0 mu m and disordered atomic arrangement.
Other kinds of noble metal-non-noble metal bimetallic/trimetal nanosheets, such as carbon-doped amorphous rhodium cobalt nanosheets, carbon-doped amorphous rhodium nickel nanosheets, carbon-doped amorphous ruthenium iron nanosheets, carbon-doped amorphous ruthenium nickel nanosheets, carbon-doped amorphous ruthenium cobalt nanosheets, carbon-doped amorphous iridium iron nanosheets, carbon-doped amorphous iridium nickel nanosheets, carbon-doped amorphous iridium cobalt nanosheets and the like, are prepared by changing the kinds of the corresponding salts.
Example 5
Preparing amorphous noble metal bimetal/trimetal nanosheets:
taking a carbon-doped amorphous iridium ruthenium nanosheet as an example:
the difference from the embodiment 1 is that: 10 mg of iridium acetylacetonate was dissolved in the ethanol solution, and 0.25 mL of a ruthenium acetylacetonate ethanol solution (0.8 mg/mL) and 1mL of an aqueous sodium nitrate solution (16 mg/mL) were added dropwise. And stirring the mixed solution for 4 hours, drying, and then putting the obtained sample into a tubular furnace to calcine for 90min at 280 ℃ in the air atmosphere to obtain the carbon-doped amorphous iridium ruthenium nanosheet.
The morphology of the prepared carbon-doped amorphous iridium ruthenium nanosheet is characterized, and the result is shown in fig. 4, wherein fig. 4 is a transmission electron microscope image (a), a high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope image (b) and an X-ray diffraction spectrum (c) of the carbon-doped amorphous iridium ruthenium nanosheet catalyst prepared by the method disclosed by the invention.
As can be seen from fig. 4: the obtained nano sheet is a carbon-doped amorphous iridium ruthenium nano sheet with the size of about 1.0 mu m and disordered atomic arrangement.
Other kinds of precious metal bimetal/trimetal alloy nanosheets, such as carbon-doped amorphous iridium rhodium nanosheets, carbon-doped amorphous rhodium ruthenium nanosheets, carbon-doped amorphous iridium rhodium ruthenium nanosheets and the like, are prepared by changing the kinds of corresponding salts.
According to the embodiment, the carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanosheet is prepared by a simple method.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A preparation method of carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanosheets is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly mixing solid powder of inorganic salt and noble metal organic salt, calcining at high temperature, and removing the inorganic salt to obtain carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanosheets;
the inorganic salt is one or more of nitrate and halogen salt;
the noble metal organic salt is acetylacetone salt of noble metal atoms;
the high-temperature calcination temperature is 260-300 ℃;
the mass ratio of the inorganic salt to the noble metal organic salt is (1-2): 1.
2. the preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises in particular:
A) mixing an inorganic salt aqueous solution and an ethanol solution of a noble metal organic salt to obtain a mixed solution;
B) drying the mixed solution obtained in the step A) to obtain mixed solid powder of inorganic salt and precious metal organic salt;
C) calcining the mixed solid powder obtained in the step B) at high temperature, washing with a mixed solution of ethanol and water or water, and removing inorganic salts to obtain the carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanosheet.
3. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the noble metal atom is one or more of Rh, Ru, and Ir;
the high-temperature calcination time is 90-120 min.
4. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the nitrate is sodium nitrate; the halogen salt is potassium bromide.
5. A preparation method of carbon-doped amorphous noble metal alloy nanosheets is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly mixing solid powder of inorganic salt, precious metal organic salt and non-precious metal organic salt, calcining at high temperature, and removing the inorganic salt to obtain carbon-doped amorphous precious metal alloy nanosheets;
the inorganic salt is one or more of nitrate and halogen salt;
the noble metal organic salt is acetylacetone salt of noble metal atoms;
the high-temperature calcination temperature is 260-300 ℃;
the mass ratio of the inorganic salt to the noble metal organic salt to the non-noble metal organic salt is (1-2): 1: (0.01-0.1).
6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the non-noble metal organic salt is an acetylacetonate of a non-noble metal atom; the non-noble metal atoms are one or more of 3d transition metals.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the non-noble metal atoms are one or more of Ni, Fe, and Co.
8. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the noble metal atom is one or more of Rh, Ru, and Ir;
the high-temperature calcination time is 90-120 min.
9. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the nitrate is sodium nitrate; the halogen salt is potassium bromide.
10. Carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanosheets characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
11. Carbon-doped amorphous noble metal nanoplatelets according to claim 10 having a thickness of 4-10 nm and a width of 1-2 μm.
12. A carbon-doped amorphous noble metal alloy nanosheet, characterized by being prepared according to the preparation method of any one of claims 5 to 9.
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| CN114570359A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-06-03 | 周口师范学院 | Precious metal/carbon nanosheet composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114471612B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2023-03-28 | 中国科学技术大学 | Amorphous iron oxide nanosheet composite material, and preparation method and application thereof |
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