CN109863054A - 用于混合动力机动车辆的混合动力动力传动系 - Google Patents
用于混合动力机动车辆的混合动力动力传动系 Download PDFInfo
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
- F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
- F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
- B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
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- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
- F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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- B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
- B60K2006/4841—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range the gear provides shifting between multiple ratios
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H2003/0826—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts wherein at least one gear on the input shaft, or on a countershaft is used for two different forward gear ratios
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的混合传动系,具有能借助于切换元件切换到不同的速比级中的变速器(1),尤其手动变速器,其能通过内燃机轴(3)与内燃机(7)传动连接,能通过电机轴(9)与电机(11)传动连接,以及能通过输出轴(13)与至少一个车桥(VA)传动连接,其中,内燃机轴(3)和与输出轴(13)传动连接的传动轴(17)能通过圆柱齿轮组连接,该圆柱齿轮组能借助于切换元件切换,并且相应形成齿轮平面(V1至V4、E1、E2),其中的至少一个混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)可相应附加地与电机轴(9)连接。根据本发明,混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)为子变速器(T)的组成部分,具有切换元件(SE‑A、SE‑B、SE‑C),借助于该切换元件可使子变速器(T)在变速器运行期间从传动系脱开,或可与之联接。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于混合动力机动车辆的混合动力动力传动系。
背景技术
由EP 2 792 523 A2已知这种类型的用于混合动力车辆的混合动力动力传动系。该混合动力动力传动系具有能借助于切换元件切换到不同的速比级中的变速器,该变速器能通过内燃机轴与内燃机,能通过电机轴与电机传动连接,以及能通过输出轴与至少一个车桥传动连接。内燃机轴能通过形成齿轮平面的圆柱齿轮组与传动轴连接。传动轴又通过圆柱齿轮级驱动输出轴。混合动力变速器的齿轮平面具有混合齿轮平面(混合齿轮平面),其与电机轴传动连接。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种混合动力动力传动系,其以相比于现有技术在构造上简单的、结构空间有利的结构具有在功能上的更大的自由度。
该目的通过权利要求1的特征来实现。在从属权利要求中公开了本发明的优选的改进方案。
根据权利要求1的特征部分,混合齿轮平面E1、E2为子变速器T的组成部分,其具有切换元件SE-A、SE-B、SE-C,借助于切换元件可使子变速器T在变速器运行期间从传动系脱开,或与之连接。因此,子变速器T的混合齿轮平面E1、E2可在变速器运行中停止运转,并且从变速器的保持激活的部分脱开。相应地,变速器可纯粹电气地运行,而内燃机停止运转。反之,电机同样可完全与动力传动系脱耦。
在电机轴上可布置有至少一个切换元件SE-A,借助于该切换元件可使电机从混合齿轮平面E1、E2脱开或与之连接。以这种方式可在切换的内燃机驱动的档位的情况下使电机完全与动力传动系脱耦。由此有利地降低激活的子变速器的惯性力矩。
在技术上的实现方案中,混合齿轮平面E1、E2可由布置在传动轴上的从动侧齿轮、布置在内燃机轴上的驱动侧齿轮和布置在电机轴上的齿轮构成。布置在电机轴上的齿轮可作为浮动齿轮转动支承在电机轴上,并且能借助于切换元件SE-A从电机轴脱开,或与之联接。
在技术上的实现方案中,混合齿轮平面E1、E2可由布置在传动轴上的从动侧齿轮、布置在内燃机轴上的驱动侧齿轮以及布置在电机轴上的齿轮构成。布置在电机轴上的齿轮可作为浮动齿轮转动支承在电机轴上,并且能借助于切换元件SE-A从电机轴脱开或与电机轴联接。
在优选的实施方式中,变速器可具有恰好两个混合齿轮平面E1、E2。布置在电机轴上的切换元件SE-A可在两侧进行切换,并且沿轴向方向布置在两个混合齿轮平面E1、E2的浮动齿轮之间。切换元件SE-A可在非作用状态中从两个混合齿轮平面脱开。此外,切换元件SE-A可在第一切换状态中使第一混合齿轮平面E1的浮动齿轮与电机轴联接,或在第二切换状态中使第二混合齿轮平面E2的浮动齿轮与电机轴联接。
优选的是,电机轴完全没有不可相对转动地布置在其上的、圆柱齿轮组的固定齿轮,该圆柱齿轮组形成变速器的齿轮平面。
此外,优选的是,变速器设计为纯粹的圆柱齿轮变速器,在其中,内燃机轴、电机轴和输出轴可仅仅通过圆柱齿轮组彼此传动连接。以这种方式实现简单构造的变速器结构,其相比于行星齿轮变速器可明显效率更高地运行。
在另一优选的实施方式中,两个混合齿轮平面可在轴向方向上紧邻,并且一起联合形成子变速器,其可在变速器运行中停止运转,即,可从传动系脱开。为了实现这种子变速器,混合齿轮平面E1、E2中的每个可相应具有布置在传动轴上的从动侧齿轮,其实施为浮动齿轮,并且能借助于切换元件SE-B与传动轴联接。此外,两个混合齿轮平面E1、E2的布置在内燃机轴上的驱动侧齿轮还可实施为浮动齿轮。它们优选地不可相对转动地一起布置在驱动侧的空心轴上。空心轴同轴地转动支承在内燃机轴上,并且能通过恰好一个切换元件、即SE-C与内燃机轴联接。上文提到的布置在传动轴上的切换元件SE-B可在两侧可切换地来实施,并且沿轴向方向布置在两个混合齿轮平面E1、E2的从动侧的浮动齿轮之间。
布置在电机轴上的切换元件可任意地实现,例如实现为可动力切换的双离合器或不可动力切换的双同步机构。此外,电机可在驱动侧或从动侧接连在变速器中。在驱动侧的接连的情况下,混合齿轮平面E1、E2的布置在电机轴上的齿轮可与转动支承在内燃机轴上的驱动侧的浮动齿轮啮合。在从动侧的接连的情况下,混合齿轮平面E1、E2的布置在电机轴上的齿轮可与转动支承在传动轴上的从动侧的浮动齿轮啮合。
上述混合构思可基于传统的手动变速器以简单的方式实现,并且专门用于前驱动。后桥可必要时与前桥机械地脱耦,然而能通过单独的电机驱动,以便实现四轮驱动。在上述的混合构思中,电机可优选地定位在变速器端部处。
例如,除了在明确的依赖性或不兼容的替代方案的情况下,本发明的上文阐述的和/或在权利要求中描述的有利的设计方案和/或改进方案可单独地或以彼此任意地组合来利用。
附图说明
下面借助附图进一步阐述本发明和其有利的设计方案、改进方案以及其优点。其中,
图1示出了根据第一实施例的实施为圆柱齿轮手动变速器的混合动力变速器的变速器结构;并且
图2以相应于图1的视图示出了混合动力变速器的第二实施例
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了手动变速器1,其为未示出的混合动力机动车辆的混合动力动力传动系的组成部分。能借助于切换元件切换到不同的速比级中的变速器1通过内燃机轴3与接在中间的分离离合器4和扭转减振器5与内燃机7连接,以及通过电机轴9与电机11连接。电机11可为了转矩转换具有在图1中示出的行星齿轮传动装置12。此外,变速器1在输出侧通过输出轴13与机动车的前桥VA传动连接。输出轴13作为齿轮轴与前桥差速器15的锥齿轮传动部有效连接。
如由图1进一步得知的那样,内燃机轴3、电机轴9以及布置在中间的传动轴17彼此轴向平行地布置。传动轴17、电机轴9以及输出轴13通过圆柱齿轮组彼此可传动连接,圆柱齿轮组能通过切换元件来切换。圆柱齿轮组形成彼此平行布置的齿轮平面V1至V4以及E1以及E2,它们根据图1在轴向方向上全部处在内燃机7和电机11之间。
下面说明混合变速器1的在图1中示出的变速器结构:因此,在图1中,内燃机轴3和传动轴17通过齿轮平面V1至V4彼此连接,它们相应由彼此啮合的浮动齿轮和固定齿轮构成。齿轮平面V1至V4的浮动齿轮能通过切换元件SE-H和SE-G与相应支撑性的轴3、17联接。齿轮平面V1至V4相对于电机轴9没有接连。
此外,设置有两个混合齿轮平面E1、E2。每个混合齿轮平面E1、E2具有布置在传动轴17上的从动侧齿轮19、21,其相应与布置在内燃机轴3上的驱动侧齿轮23、25并且与相应同轴于电机轴9布置的(电机侧的)浮动齿轮27、29啮合。在图1中,混合齿轮平面E1、E2的从动侧的浮动齿轮19、21作为浮动齿轮布置在传动轴17上。相应地,混合齿轮平面E1、E2的驱动侧齿轮23、25还作为浮动齿轮转动支承在内燃机轴3上。在混合齿轮平面E1、E2的电机侧的浮动齿轮27、29之间布置有能在两侧切换的切换元件SE-A,通过它可同样使第一混合齿轮平面E1或第二混合齿轮平面E2与电机轴9联接。传动轴17通过圆柱齿轮级St驱动输出轴13。
在切换元件SE-A的在图1中示出的非作用状态中,电机轴9从传动系脱开。以这种方式,电机轴9在变速器运行中停止运转,即停用。由此有利地降低保持激活的变速器的惯性力矩。
如从图1进一步得知的那样,两个混合齿轮平面E1、E2联合形成共同的子变速器T,其可在变速器运行中完全无力矩地来切换,即可从传动系彻底地脱开,从而子变速器T完全停止运转。在子变速器T中,在图1中,混合齿轮平面E1、E2的两个从动侧齿轮19、21作为浮动齿轮转动支承在传动轴17上。在混合齿轮平面E1和E2的两个从动侧齿轮19、21之间布置有切换元件SE-B。切换元件SE-B在示出的非作用状态中从两个混合齿轮平面E1、E2脱开,并且可沿轴向在两侧切换。即,切换元件可使第一混合齿轮平面或第二混合齿轮平面E1、E2与传动轴联接。此外,在图1中,混合齿轮平面E1、E2的两个驱动侧齿轮23、25不可相对转动地一起布置在驱动侧的空心轴31上,其同轴地转动支承在内燃机轴3上。驱动侧的空心轴31可以减少构件的方式通过恰好一个切换元件SE-C与内燃机轴3联接。
在图1中示出的变速器1总计具有16个齿轮和五个同步装置。在变速器1中,可切换六个内燃机驱动的直接档位VM1至VM6,其利用仅仅一个齿轮平面,然而不可切换内燃机驱动的超速档位,其利用至少两个齿轮平面:
在直接档位VM1和VM2中,切换元件SE-H向左或向右切换,而子变速器T停止运转。在直接档位VM3中,SE-C向左切换,并且SE-B向左切换。即,子变速器T(具有两个混合齿轮平面E1、E2)予以激活。同样的情况还适用于直接档位VM4,在其中SE-C向左切换,并且SE-B向右切换。在直接档位VM5和VM6中,子变速器T停用。在直接档位VM5中,SE-G向左切换。在直接档位VM6中,SE-G向右切换。
在纯粹电动驱动的运行中,子变速器T始终激活,并且可切换到多达四个电动驱动的档位,即,以下的两个直接档位EM1、EM2以及两个超速档位EM3至EM4:
因此,在直接档位EM1中,切换元件SE-A向左切换,并且切换元件SE-B向左切换。在直接档位EM2中,切换元件SE-A向右切换,并且切换元件SE-B向右切换。
在电动驱动的超速档位EM3中,向左操纵切换元件SE-A,并且向右操纵切换元件SE-B。由此得到负荷路径,其从电机11通过切换元件SE-A、第一混合齿轮平面E1伸延直至驱动侧的空心轴31,并且从此处通过第二混合齿轮平面E2和切换元件SE-B伸延至传动轴17。
在电动驱动的超速档位EM4中,向右操纵切换元件SE-A,并且向左操纵切换元件SE-B。由此得到负荷路径,其从电机11通过切换元件SE-A、第二混合齿轮平面E2伸延直至驱动侧的空心轴31,并且从此处通过第一混合齿轮平面E1和切换元件SE-B伸延至传动轴17。
从上文的内燃机驱动的档位VM1至VM6和电动驱动的档位EM1至EM4中可组合地实现混合驱动的档位,在其中组合地切换电动驱动的和内燃机驱动的档位。
下面突出描述特别的行驶运行类型,其能借助于在图1中示出的变速器1实现:
因此,利用在图1中示出的变速器结构实现电机11的停车充电,只要车辆处于车辆停车状态中,例如停在交通信号灯处或处在堵塞中。在这种情况下可示例性地向左操纵切换元件SE-C以及切换元件SE-A,以便使内燃机轴3通过第一混合齿轮平面E1与电机轴1连接。由此实现从内燃机7通过内燃机轴3和第一混合齿轮平面E1至电机11的力矩流。
此外,借助电机11可执行内燃机起动。电机11可使内燃机7经由负荷路径起动,在其中例如向右操纵切换元件SE-A,并且向左操纵切换元件SE-C。
此外,在图1中,在内燃机驱动的档位VM1、VM2、VM5和VM6之间的切换过程能借助电机11无牵引力中断地进行,亦即借助电动驱动的档位EM1、EM2,其在内燃机驱动的切换中用作辅助档位。这种切换过程在分离离合器4分开的情况下开始,以便使内燃机7从变速器1脱开。挂入的电动驱动的辅助档位在在内燃机驱动的档位之间进行的切换过程期间提供辅助负荷路径,其从电机11伸延至驱动侧。因此,在切换过程(即,内燃机7借助于分离离合器4从传动系脱开)期间,电机11可产生驱动力矩,其通过辅助负荷路径传递至从动侧。
上述情况在下文中借助在内燃机驱动的第五档位和第六档位之间的无牵引力中断的切换过程来阐述,在其中电动驱动的第二档位EM2用作辅助档位:因此,在图1的变速器1中,在内燃机驱动的第五档位VM5中,切换元件SE-G向左切换。因此,负荷路径从内燃机7、齿轮平面V3、传动轴17伸延直至从动侧的圆柱齿轮传动部St,而子变速器停用(停止运转)。在开始切换过程时,分离离合器4分离,并且切换元件SE-G切换到其非作用状态中。此外,挂入用作辅助档位的电动驱动的档位EM2,即向右操纵切换元件SE-A以及切换元件SE-B,并且开动电机11。由此实现从电机11至从动侧的负荷传递,在其中电机11产生可任意调节的力矩。
到目标档位VM6中的切换过程通过以下方式继续,即,切换元件SE-G从其非作用状态向右切换。因此,准备了从内燃机7通过切换元件SE-G、齿轮平面V4以及传动轴17从动侧的圆柱齿轮传动部St的负荷路径。在结束切换过程时,分离离合器4再次闭合,即内燃机7接通,以及电机11再次停机,从而切换到目标档位VM6,并且再次实现从内燃机7到从动侧的负荷传递。
不同于在内燃机驱动的档位VM1、VM2、VM5和VM6之间的切换过程,在内燃机驱动的第三档位VM3和内燃机驱动的第四档位VM4之间、即在混合齿轮平面E1和E2之间的切换过程可没有借助于电动驱动的档位来支持。在图1中示出的变速器1中,在从电机11的上述切换过程期间,可不提供辅助负荷路径,因为内燃机7以及电机11通过共同的切换元件SE-B驱动传动轴17。因此,在图1中,不可实现在内燃机驱动的第三档位和第四档位之间的无牵引力中断的切换。
此外,借助于在图1中示出的变速器1实现始于车辆停车状态的电动驱动的开行或推进运行,在其中针对各内燃机驱动的档位提供多个电动驱动的档位用于推进。
在图1中提供了电动驱动的倒车档位,在其中电机11可反向运行。
不同于此,在图2中,变速器1具有附加的倒车档位齿轮平面R,其构造为圆柱齿轮组。倒车档位齿轮平面R由活动支承在内燃机轴3上的驱动侧齿轮59、与齿轮59啮合的中间齿轮61以及从动侧的不可相对转动地支承在传动轴17上的齿轮63构成,其与中间齿轮61啮合。在图6中示出的变速器结构的基本构造在很大程度上与在图2中示出的变速器结构构造相同,除了附加的倒车档位齿轮平面R之外,其沿轴向方向布置在第二混合齿轮平面E2和行星齿轮传动装置12之间。此外,不同于图1,切换元件SE-C在图2中可在两侧来切换地来构造,并且沿轴向方向定位在驱动侧的空心轴31和驱动侧的浮动齿轮59之间。在向右切换操纵时,内燃机轴3通过切换元件SE-C与倒车档位层R传动连接。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于混合动力车辆的混合动力动力传动系,具有能借助于切换元件切换到不同的速比级中的变速器(1),尤其是手动变速器,该变速器能通过内燃机轴(3)与内燃机(7)传动连接,能通过电机轴(9)与电机(11)传动连接,以及能通过输出轴(13)与至少一个车桥(VA)传动连接,其中,所述内燃机轴(3)和与所述输出轴(13)传动连接的传动轴(17)能通过圆柱齿轮组相连接,该圆柱齿轮组能借助于所述切换元件切换并且相应形成齿轮平面(V1至V4、E1、E2),其中的至少一个混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)可附加地与所述电机轴(9)连接,其特征在于,所述混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)是子变速器(T)的组成部分,该子变速器具有切换元件(SE-A、SE-B、SE-C),借助于该切换元件能使所述子变速器(T)在变速器运行期间从所述动力传动系脱开或与动力传动系联接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动系,其特征在于,所述混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)具有布置在传动轴(17)上的从动侧齿轮(19、21)、布置在内燃机轴(3)上的驱动侧齿轮(23、25)以及电机侧齿轮(27、29),尤其是所述电机侧齿轮(27、29)作为浮动齿轮与所述电机轴(9)同轴地转动支承并且能借助于切换元件(SE-A)、尤其是不能动力切换的同步装置从所述电机轴(9)脱开或与电机轴联接,至少一个混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)的布置在所述传动轴(17)上的从动侧齿轮(19、21)为浮动齿轮,该浮动齿轮能借助于切换元件(SE-B)与所述传动轴(17)联接或能与之联接,和/或所述混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)的布置在所述内燃机轴(3)上的驱动侧齿轮(23、25)为浮动齿轮,该浮动齿轮能借助于切换元件(SE-C)与所述内燃机轴(3)联接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力传动系,其特征在于,所述子变速器(T)具有恰好两个混合齿轮平面(E1、E2),尤其是布置在所述电机轴(9)上的切换元件(SE-A)能在两侧切换并且沿轴向方向布置在两个混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)的浮动齿轮(27、29)之间,其中,所述切换元件(SE-A)在非作用状态中与两个混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)脱开,并且所述切换元件(SE-A)在第一切换状态中使第一混合齿轮平面(E1)的浮动齿轮(27)与所述电机轴(9)联接,或者在第二切换状态中使第二混合齿轮平面(E2)的浮动齿轮(29)与所述电机轴(9)联接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的动力传动系,其特征在于,布置在所述传动轴(17)上的切换元件(SE-B)能在两侧切换并且沿轴向方向布置在两个混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)的从动侧的浮动齿轮(19、21)之间,其中,所述切换元件(SE-B)在第一切换状态中使第一混合齿轮平面(E1)的从动侧的浮动齿轮(19)与所述传动轴(17)联接,或者在第二切换状态中使所述第二混合齿轮平面(E2)的从动侧的浮动齿轮(21)与所述传动轴(17)联接。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的动力传动系,其特征在于,两个混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)是所述子变速器(T)的组成部分,该子变速器能在变速器运行期间停止运转,即,能与所述动力传动系脱开,尤其在子变速器(T)中,两个混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)的布置在所述内燃机轴(3)上的驱动侧的浮动齿轮(23、25)不能相对转动地一起布置在空心轴(31)上,该空心轴同轴地转动支承在所述内燃机轴(3)上并且能通过恰好一个切换元件(SE-C)与所述内燃机轴(3)联接。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的动力传动系,其特征在于,所述电机轴(9)不具有不可相对转动地布置在其上的、形成齿轮平面的圆柱齿轮组的固定齿轮。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的动力传动系,其特征在于,所述传动轴(17)通过圆柱齿轮级(St)与所述输出轴(13)连接,尤其所有的齿轮平面(V1至V4、E1、E2)在轴向方向上布置在所述圆柱齿轮级(St)和所述电机(11)之间,和/或至少一个混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)、尤其两个混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)与所述电机(11)直接相邻地布置。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的动力传动系,其特征在于,所述电机(11)连接在从动侧,为了在从动侧接连所述电机(11),所述混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)的电机侧齿轮(27、29)与转动支承在传动轴(17)上的从动侧的浮动齿轮(19、21)啮合。
9.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的动力传动系,其特征在于,所述电机(11)连接在驱动侧,为了在驱动侧连接所述电机(11),所述混合齿轮平面(E1、E2)的电机侧齿轮(27、29)与转动支承在所述内燃机轴(3)上的驱动侧的浮动齿轮(23、25)啮合。
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