CN109850912A - A kind of alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of bimetal composite boride and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of bimetal composite boride and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to field of batteries, and in particular to a kind of alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of bimetal composite boride and preparation method thereof.The material is that amorphous nanometer spherical particle, wherein nickel cobalt element and boron element form bimetallic boride Co-Ni-B.The alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of above-mentioned bimetal composite boride can be used as the application of alkaline aqueous electrolyte system anode, concrete application method is, the alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of bimetal composite boride is made into active component, electrode is made, is then used as anode.With excellent charge-discharge performance, cycle performance and high rate performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of batteries, and in particular to a kind of alkaline aqueous electrolyte system of bimetal composite boride
Cell positive material and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Alkaline aqueous electrolyte system battery is high with conductivity, power density is big, material source is extensive, cost is relatively low
With the advantages such as safety and environmental protection.Although aqueous electrolyte has relatively narrow electrochemical window, high-capacity electrode can be passed through
The application of material has high rate capability and height ratio capacity the electrochemical energy storage and conversion equipment that construct high-energy density
Electrode material be the key that develop aqueous solution electrolyte system battery system application.
Alkaline aqueous electrolyte system battery is mainly made of positive and negative electrode active material and electrolyte etc., wherein positive and negative
Pole active material is the critical material for influencing battery performance, and different electrochemical redox machines is respectively adopted in positive and negative electrode material
System realizes energy storage and the release of battery.Representative negative electrode material has zinc, hydrogen bearing alloy etc..It is existing to study and apply table
Bright metal boride material can also be used as negative electrode material, the principle of application be boride itself electrochemical oxidation or reversible storage
Hydrogen characteristic.
Typical alkaline electrolyte solution positive electrode is nickel electrode, is the Reversible redox reaction based on nickel hydroxide
Mechanism.However due to current nickel-base anode material there is active material utilization is low and poorly conductive the problems such as so that nickel is electric
The cycle performance of pole is poor and high current charge-discharge ability is weak.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of alkaline aqueous electrolyte system anode material of novel bimetal composite boride
Material, preparation method and application.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of bimetal composite boride is provided, is amorphous state
Nanometer spherical particle, wherein nickel cobalt element and boron element form bimetallic boride Co-Ni-B.It is used as positive electrode
When anode reaction electricity to for metal hydroxides/oxyhydroxide electricity it is right.
According to the above scheme, the alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of the bimetal composite boride
BET specific surface area is greater than 96m2/ g, preferably greater than 110m2/g。
According to the above scheme, the alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of the bimetal composite boride
Partial size is 20-100nm, preferably 20-50nm.
According to the above scheme, the ratio between cobalt element and cobalt nickel element moles total number are 30%-70%, and optimum molar ratio is
50%, when cobalt element content is lower or higher, initial charge/discharge performance can be declined, and cycle performance can also reduce.
The preparation method of the alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of above-mentioned bimetal composite boride is
Micro emulsion liquid and preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:
E) surfactant-dispersed is dissolved into the mixed solution of deionized water and oily phase and is configured to microemulsion；
F) the soluble ion compound containing nickel element and cobalt element is distributed in microemulsion；
G) BH will be contained4 -Alkaline aqueous solution be added in microemulsion reaction while stirring and generate black precipitate；
H) obtained black precipitate is filtered and is washed, be dried to obtain final product in nitrogen atmosphere or vacuum.
According to the above scheme, surfactant and the proportional concentration of deionized water described in step a) are 0.01-0.2g/ml,
Oily is mutually 1:1-10 with the volume ratio of deionized water, and dispersing mode includes mechanical stirring or ultrasonic disperse.
According to the above scheme, the BH in step c)4 -Concentration is 0.1-5mol/L, and the pH value of alkaline solution is greater than 8；Stirring means
Including mechanical stirring or ultrasonic disperse；Filter type includes directly filtering in step d), filters or centrifugation, drying condition are preferred
Situation is drying time 4-24h, and drying temperature is 30-90 DEG C.
According to the above scheme, purpose, which is added, in surfactant described in step a) can be added to form stable microemulsion
The surfactant entered includes polyethylene glycol, and molecular weight can be 18500-22000；Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, dodecane
Base trimethyl ammonium chloride, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl trimethyl bromination
Ammonium, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, anhydrous sorbitol
Trioleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, methyl glycol fatty acid ester, propylene glycol monostearate, glycerin monostearate,
One of oleic acid, polyoxypropylene wool alcohol ether are a variety of.
According to the above scheme, oil described in step a) is mutually hexamethylene, normal butane, iso-butane, pentane, neopentane, isoamyl
One of alkane, neohexane, n-hexane, isohexane, normal octane, isooctane are a variety of.
According to the above scheme, the step c) BH4 -Aqueous solution in solute be potassium borohydride, sodium borohydride and aluminium borohydride
One of or it is a variety of；The alkaline solution solute is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide-chlorine
It is one of slow or a variety of to change ammonium buffer solution, borax-calcium chloride buffer solution or borax-sodium carbonate.
The alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of above-mentioned bimetal composite boride is as alkaline aqueous solution
The application of electrolyte system anode, concrete application method are, by the alkaline aqueous electrolyte of bimetal composite boride
System cell positive material makees active component, and electrode is made, and then uses as anode.
The bimetal composite boride that the invention patent provides is as alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material
It uses, there is excellent charge-discharge performance, cycle performance and high rate performance.
The positive effect of the present invention:
(1) present invention has the bimetal composite boride of high-specific surface area in microemulsion by chemical reduction method synthesis
Material generates small nano particle based on the reaction mechanism in oil-in-water microemulsion and inhibits the aggregation between particle, and
The bimetal composite boride with high-specific surface area and amorphous character is prepared, simple process is controllable, closes convenient for controllable
At high-specific surface area, the bimetal composite boride material of small particle.It is conducive to react with electrolyte, makees alkaline aqueous solution electricity
The positive electrode for solving plastidome battery, can be improved electrochemistry comprehensive performance.
(2) compound nickel cobalt bimetallic boride provided by the invention, nickel element react in the electrolytic solution formed nickel hydroxide/
Hydroxy nickel oxide participates in electrochemical reaction, and its reaction potential section meets the condition applied as positive electrode, cobalt element
Electrode material electrochemical reversibility can be improved, boron can then increase the electronic conductivity of electrode material, and thus three, which cooperates with, makees
Use can make its when being used as the positive electrode of alkaline aqueous electrolyte system battery with excellent stable circulation performance and
Ultra-high magnifications performance.Further, the regulation of high-specific surface area and small partial size, certain cobalt nickel ratio makes it have preferably just
Beginning charge-discharge performance and cycle performance.
By compound nickel cobalt bimetallic boride be used as alkaline aqueous electrolyte system battery positive electrode, relative to
Under silver silver chloride electrode -0.2-0.4V current potential, excellent charge-discharge performance is shown, stable circulation performance and super-high power are forthright
Can, initial charge/discharge performance keeps 97% or more appearances up to 319mAh/g, under the conditions of 15A/g after 100 circle of heavy-current discharge
Amount.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the TEM of bimetal composite boride material prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 1 schemes (a) and XRD characterization figure
(b)；
Fig. 2 is the BET nitrogen adsorption curve graph of bimetal composite boride material prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 is the surface-element valence state XPS characterization of bimetal composite boride material prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1
Figure；
Fig. 4 is the electrochemistry CV curve graph of the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 under the current potential of positive electrode；
Fig. 5 is the metal boride material positive electrode of comparative example 1 of the present invention, comparative example 2 and the preparation of embodiment 1 in 1A/g
Charge-discharge performance comparison diagram under current density；
Fig. 6 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is filled under different current densities from metal boride positive electrode prepared by comparative example 3
Discharge performance comparison diagram；
Fig. 7 be in the embodiment of the present invention 1 the bimetal composite boride electrode material for preparing under 15A/g current density
Cycle performance figure.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Reagent described in following embodiments and material commercially obtain unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1
(1) 0.0025mol cobalt chloride, 0.0025mol nickel chloride and 5.0g polyethylene glycol are dissolved in 100ml deionized water
In, 20ml hexamethylene is added into the solution, thus obtained mixture is handled 30 minutes under ultrasound at 293k, is formed
Finely dispersed microemulsion.Then 0.001mol sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 10ml deionized water to (forming pH value is about 13
Alkaline solution), it adds 0.02mol sodium borohydride and is made into sodium borohydride solution.It is under the state that is vigorously stirred that sodium borohydride is molten
Drop is added in water-in-oil microemulsion, wait stop generate bubble, the black precipitate in solution filter and use deionized water with
Ethyl alcohol sufficiently washs.Then clean powder is dry in nitrogen atmosphere, finally obtain bimetal composite boride.
It is shown by composing direct-reading plasma emission spectrometer test result entirely, compound cobalt nickel bimetal boride obtained
Element mass percentage content be cobalt content: 41.22%, nickel element: 39.49%, boron element: 6.22%；Cobalt element exists
The molal quantity content of total metallic element are as follows: 49.01%, it is almost the same with initial charge.
The TEM and XRD characterization figure of above-mentioned bimetal composite boride material are shown in Fig. 1 (a) and Fig. 1 (b), from the saturating of Fig. 1 (a)
It penetrates electron microscope and finds out that resulting materials are evenly dispersed nanometer spherical particle, dimensional homogeneity is preferable, do not reunite significantly, grain
Diameter size is 20nm or so；Find out that the material has the XRD diagram picture of typical amorphous substance from Fig. 1 (b), in the XRD spectrum
Without apparent characteristic peak, only there is the diffraction maximum of widthization, illustrates that prepared bimetal composite boride is amorphous substance.
Fig. 2 is the phenogram of bimetal composite boride material prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1, through N2 adsorption specific surface
For BET data after analyzer detection as schemed, test result shows that the material has 126.12m2/g；High-specific surface area helps to make
For the utilization rate of active substances in cathode materials.
Fig. 3 is the surface-element valence state phenogram of bimetal composite boride material prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1, from
Find out that there are the elements such as nickel cobalt boron and carbon and oxygen on surface in Fig. 3 (a), carbon and oxygen element are when there are a lot due in test process
Introduce what external carbon was unavoidably oxidized to form as charge correction and material surface；Table is found out from Fig. 3 (b) and Fig. 3 (c)
The nickel cobalt element in face exists in the form of two kinds of valence states of oxidation state and bimetallic boride Co-Ni-B of+divalent, from Fig. 3 (d)
Boron element exists in the form of two kinds of valence states of oxidation state and bimetallic boride Co-Ni-B out, is used as positive electrode, nickel cobalt metal
Form that metal hydroxides/oxyhydroxide electricity is right, this electricity is to being the material as positive electrode with electrolyte total overall reaction
The Reversible redox reaction mechanism of energy storage.
(2) prepared product, acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE) aqueous solution are mixed according to mass ratio 8:1:1
Preparation work electrode slurry.Gained slurry is pasted onto 1 × 1cm of preparation2On nickel foam, and it is 24 hours dry at 60 DEG C.
Finally, manufactured electrode is pressed into working electrode.
(3) using the above-mentioned material being prepared as working electrode, 6.0M KOH makees electrolyte under three-electrode system,
Pt piece is used as to electrode, is saturated silver silver chloride electrode as reference electrode and carries out electro-chemical test.
Embodiment 2
By 0.0015mol cobalt chloride, 0.0035mol nickel chloride and 5.0g polyethylene glycol (Mw=20,000) it is dissolved in
In 100ml deionized water, 20ml hexamethylene is added into the solution, by thus obtained mixture at room temperature under ultrasound
Reason 40 minutes forms water-in-oil microemulsion.Then 0.02mol sodium borohydride is dissolved in the sodium hydroxide that 10ml concentration is 0.1M
Sodium borohydride solution is made into solution (pH value is about 13).Sodium borohydride solution is added drop-wise to oil-in-water under the state that is vigorously stirred
In microemulsion, bubble is generated wait stop, the black precipitate in solution is filtered and is sufficiently washed with deionized water and ethyl alcohol.So
Afterwards will be clean that powder is dried under vacuum conditions, finally obtain bimetal composite boride；
By prepared product, acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE) aqueous solution are mixed according to mass ratio 8:1:1 to make
Standby working electrode slurry.Gained slurry is pasted onto 1 × 1cm of preparation2On nickel foam, and it is 24 hours dry at 60 DEG C.Most
Afterwards, manufactured electrode is pressed into working electrode.
Using the above-mentioned material being prepared as working electrode, 6.0M KOH makees electrolyte, Pt under three-electrode system
Piece is used as to electrode, is saturated silver silver chloride electrode as reference electrode and carries out electro-chemical test.
Embodiment 3
By 0.0035mol cobalt chloride, 0.0015mol nickel chloride and 5.0g polyethylene glycol (Mw=20,000) it is dissolved in
In 100ml deionized water, 20ml hexamethylene is added into the solution, by thus obtained mixture at room temperature under ultrasound
Reason 40 minutes forms water-in-oil microemulsion.Then 0.02mol sodium borohydride is dissolved in the sodium hydroxide that 10ml concentration is 0.1M
Sodium borohydride solution is made into solution (pH value is about 13).Sodium borohydride solution is added drop-wise to oil-in-water under the state that is vigorously stirred
In microemulsion, bubble is generated wait stop, the black precipitate in solution is filtered and is sufficiently washed with deionized water and ethyl alcohol.So
Afterwards will be clean that powder is dried under vacuum conditions, finally obtain bimetal composite boride；
By prepared product, acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE) aqueous solution are mixed according to mass ratio 8:1:1 to make
Standby working electrode slurry.Gained slurry is pasted onto 1 × 1cm of preparation2On nickel foam, and it is 24 hours dry at 60 DEG C.Most
Afterwards, manufactured electrode is pressed into working electrode.
Using the above-mentioned material being prepared as working electrode, 6.0M KOH makees electrolyte, Pt under three-electrode system
Piece is used as to electrode, is saturated silver silver chloride electrode as reference electrode and carries out electro-chemical test.
Comparative example 1
In order to compare the advantage of bimetal composite boride, by step b) containing nickel element and cobalt element it is soluble from
Sub- compound is changed to nickel element soluble ion compound, remaining condition is consistent with embodiment 1.Compare table by hydrogen absorption
The detection of surface analysis instrument, the boride specific surface area obtained as the result is shown are 96.98m2/g。
Comparative example 2
In order to compare the advantage of bimetal composite boride, by step b) containing nickel element and cobalt element it is soluble from
Sub- compound is changed to cobalt element soluble ion compound, remaining condition is consistent with embodiment 1.Compare table by hydrogen absorption
The detection of surface analysis instrument, the boride specific surface area obtained as the result is shown are 86.61m2/g。
Comparative example 3
In order to compare the advantage that microemulsion method prepares bimetal composite boride, surfactant in cancellation step a)
It is added, oil is mutually changed to hexamethylene and is changed to deionized water, remaining condition is consistent with embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the electrochemistry CV curve graph of the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 under the current potential of positive electrode,
The closed area of CV curve is bigger, it is meant that corresponding substance is bigger as the charge/discharge capacity of positive electrode.It can from figure
Closed area to find out CV curve is maximum for embodiment 1；Furthermore the current potential difference degree of the redox peaks of CV curve is got over
Small, corresponding material electrochemical invertibity is more preferable, and the current potential difference degree of the redox peaks of embodiment 1 is most as seen from the figure
Small, these all illustrate that the cobalt nickel bimetal boride that cobalt element molal quantity accounting is 50% has relative good as positive electrode
Chemical property.The cobalt of certain dosage can improve cycle performance, but when cobalt dosage is more, will affect charge/discharge capacity.
Fig. 5 is metal boride material prepared by comparative example 1 of the present invention, comparative example 2 and embodiment 1, and it is water-soluble that alkalinity is made
Liquid electrolyte system cell positive material charge-discharge performance comparison diagram under 1A/g current density, there it can be seen that compound cobalt
The boride of nickel bimetal is electrical as the charge and discharge that positive electrode compares monometallic Ni-based boride material and boronation cobalt material
Can be much higher, in 1A/g current density discharge capacity up to 319mAh/g.It is compound that this excellent performance is attributed to cobalt nickel
The unique synergistic effect that different elements generate in boride.
Fig. 6 is metal boride material prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 and comparative example 3, and alkaline aqueous electrolyte is made
System cell positive material charge-discharge performance comparison diagram under different current densities, as seen from the figure, embodiment 1 passes through microemulsion
The compound cobalt nickel bimetal boride material of method preparation is made as positive electrode in use, restoring compared to 3 aqueous solution of comparative example
Standby compound cobalt nickel bimetal boride has higher charge/discharge capacity, even if the charge and discharge under 20A/g high current density, according to
The old discharge capacity with 286.11mAh/g.
Fig. 7 is the bimetal composite boride electrode material prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and alkaline aqueous solution electrolysis is made
Cycle performance figure of the plastidome cell positive material under 15A/g current density, it can be seen that it does not have in 100 circulations
There is apparent decaying, remains excellent cyclical stability.
Finally, it should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of bimetal composite boride, it is characterised in that: the material
Material is that amorphous nanometer spherical particle, wherein nickel cobalt element and boron element form bimetallic boride Co-Ni-B.
2. the alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material according to claim 1 for closing bimetallic boride, cobalt
The ratio between element and cobalt nickel element moles total number are 30%-70%.
3. the grain of the alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material according to claim 1 for closing bimetallic boride
Excellent diameter is 20-100nm.
4. the alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of bimetal composite boride according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: the BET of the alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of the bimetal composite boride compares table
Area is greater than 96m2/g。
5. the preparation of the alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of bimetal composite boride described in claim 1
Method is micro emulsion liquid and preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:
A) surfactant-dispersed is dissolved into the mixed solution of deionized water and oily phase and is configured to microemulsion；
B) the soluble ion compound containing nickel element and cobalt element is distributed in microemulsion；
C) BH will be contained4 -Alkaline aqueous solution be added in microemulsion reaction while stirring and generate black precipitate；
D) obtained black precipitate is filtered and is washed, be dried to obtain final product in nitrogen atmosphere or vacuum.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the ratio of surfactant described in step a) and deionized water is dense
Degree is 0.01-0.2g/ml, and oil is mutually 1:1-10 with the volume ratio of deionized water, and dispersing mode is mechanical stirring or ultrasound point
It dissipates；BH4- concentration in step c) is 0.1-5mol/L, and the pH value of alkaline solution is greater than 8；Stirring means include mechanical stirring or
Ultrasonic disperse；Filter type includes directly filtering in step d), filters or centrifugation, drying condition are drying time 4-24h, do
Dry temperature is 30-90 DEG C.
7. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: surfactant described in step a) includes polyethylene glycol, 12
Alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium chlorination
Ammonium, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, octadecyl three
Ammonio methacrylate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, methyl glycol fatty acid ester, propylene glycol list are hard
One of resin acid ester, glycerin monostearate, oleic acid, polyoxypropylene wool alcohol ether are a variety of.
8. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: oil described in step a) mutually be hexamethylene, normal butane, iso-butane,
One of pentane, neopentane, isopentane, neohexane, n-hexane, isohexane, normal octane, isooctane are a variety of.
9. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the step c) BH4 -Aqueous solution in solute be potassium borohydride,
One of sodium borohydride and aluminium borohydride are a variety of；The alkaline solution solute is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydroxide
Lithium, ammonium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide-ammonium chloride buffer solution, borax-calcium chloride buffer solution or borax-sodium carbonate are one of slow or more
Kind.
10. the alkaline aqueous electrolyte system battery of any bimetal composite boride of the claims 1-4 is just
Application of the pole material as alkaline aqueous electrolyte system anode, concrete application method are, by bimetal composite boronation
The alkaline aqueous electrolyte system cell positive material of object makees active component, and electrode is made, and then uses as anode.
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