CN109804752A - A kind of entire mechanization production method of potato matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture - Google Patents
A kind of entire mechanization production method of potato matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention patent relates to agricultural productions, more particularly, to be suitable for northwest China arid, semiarid region agricultural machinery is combined with agronomy, to potato carry out antenatal agronomy process flow (production of seed stock, pre-sowing treatment with cut kind, production edaphic condition), produce in mechanization workflow (plough whole, plantation, field management, kill seedling, harvest, mulch pickup), the entire mechanization production method of postpartum process flow (classification is cleaned, transports, stored).Production model of the present invention is scientific and reasonable, technologically advanced, high production efficiency, has good society, economy, ecological benefits, efficiently solve the agricultural machinery of China's potato entire mechanization production method and the technical problems such as agronomy is not suitable with, production method is backward, production efficiency is low, it is the effective way for realizing potato industrialization, architecture, Standardization Development, popularization and application foreground is wide.
Description
Technical field
The invention patent relates to agricultural production, more particularly, to be suitable for northwest China arid, semiarid region agricultural machinery with
Agronomy combines, and carries out antenatal agronomy process flow to potato and (production of seed stock, pre-sowing treatment and cuts kind, production soil item
Part), produce in mechanization workflow (plough whole, plantation, field management, kill seedling, harvest, mulch pick up), postpartum process flow (divide
Grade clean, transport, storing) entire mechanization production method.
Background technique
Potato be resist cold, be drought-enduring, is barren-resistant, is adaptable, vitamin content is high, full of nutrition, Solanaceae Solanum 1 year
The crops of sward sheet, 160 countries and regions of alive boundary treaty are planted extensively.World's potato annual consumption about 3t~3.3
Hundred million t, potato produce the important leverage for having become world food safety.Potato is classified as four big staple food grains by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation)
One of, the United Nations was once set to " international potato year " 2008.2015, potato was formally promoted to paddy, small by China
The fourth-largest cereal crops after wheat, corn establish the staple food grain status of potato.Potato planting area 8277.3 in 2015
Ten thousand mu, 94,860,000 t of yield, it is desirable that arrive the year two thousand twenty, potato planting area increases to 1.5 hundred million mu or so.The Ma Ling of China at present
Planting potato area and yield account for about the 1/5 and 1/4 of the world, and China has become world potato and produces the first big country.The same year September agriculture
Industry portion has printed and distributed and " has promoted the opinion taken action about staple crops production full mechanization is carried out ", proposes " to improve China's agriculture
Industry integrated production capacity and the market competitiveness are accelerated to promote Derived from Agricultural Modernization, and the Ministry of Agriculture determines to carry out main agriculture in the whole nation
Crop production entire mechanization promotes action ".Staple crops position nine big emphasis crops: rice, corn, wheat, potato,
Cotton, rape, peanut, soybean, sugarcane.Potato production full mechanization is listed in the column of emphasis propulsion.Therefore, develop Ma Ling
Potato industry is Ensuring Food Safety, increases farmers' income, the strong industry of building a New Socialist Countryside.
Making a general survey of external potato production and consumption major country nearly all realizes potato production full mechanization, Ma Ling
Potato entire mechanization production method also comparative maturity.From breeding to plantation, harvest, classification, storage, then deep processing is arrived, all used
Advanced technology equipment, implements advanced production mode, and it is orderly to produce each link linking.Though potatoes cultivated area is big,
Though total output is more, Mechanization Level is low, and production method falls behind, without a set of effective, mature and reliable entire mechanization
Production method, that there are potato entire mechanization production methods for all parts of the country is multifarious, level is uneven, agricultural machinery and agronomy not phase
The problem of adaptation.The present invention is directed to unintelligible for China potato entire mechanization production method, arid according to northwest China,
Semiarid region actual conditions agricultural machinery is combined with agronomy it is integrated, provide a kind of suitable northwest China arid, semiarid region it is antenatal-
In production-the high potato entire mechanization production method of postpartum, cost-saving synergistic, productivity effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that technical solution used by solving its technical problem is: a kind of provided potato agricultural machinery agronomy phase
In conjunction with entire mechanization production method, including mechanization workflow and postpartum technique stream in antenatal agronomy process flow, production
Journey.
Wherein antenatal agronomy process flow includes:
(1) production of seed stock step
It is carried out in detoxification developmental tube using the method for cutting breeding, 6~8cm of test tube seedling, when 7~10 leaves, practices seedling after 1 day
Whole strain transplanting is carried out, in batch production soilless cultivation micro potato or greenhouse cultivation micro potato, cultivates G0 and G1 Dai Yuanyuan potato.
(2) pre-sowing treatment and kind of a step is cut
Bulk potato (>=50g) carries out stripping and slicing, and stripping and slicing size is 30~40g, each stripping and slicing at least 1~2 bud eye, stripping and slicing
75% alcohol disinfecting of cutter, admixes 50 kilograms of gypsum with 2 kilogram 70%+1 kilogram 72% of thiophanate methyl of agricultural streptomycin
Powder, every 50 kilograms of strippings and slicings are mixed thoroughly with 2 kilograms of mixing medicines, carry out Dressing after stripping and slicing in 20~30 minutes；Potato seed is small seed potato
(≤50g) or the former potato of G0 and G1, it is not necessary to carry out any processing and directly sowed, will above two treated potato with
Small seed potato or the former potato of G0 and G1 store the sowing of 1~2 day time in the case where being protected from light ventilation condition；Wherein production soil selects pH5.5
~6.0 subaciditys or neutral soil, the loam that the soil is porous breathes freely or sandy loam.2. mechanization workflow packet in producing
It includes:
(1) site preparation step is ploughed
Spread fertilizer over the fields base manure；Ground is except stubble processing；First time subsoiling is plowed, subsoiling 25~35cm of depth, plow depth >=25cm with
On, it is desirable that overturning soil covering weeds mix in 50kg fine earth, apply before broadcasting per acre with 50% 400~500g of Phoxim emulsion
Burying prevents subterranean pest-insect in ditch, is flattened earth's surface with disc harrow or rotary cultivator, ground even, clods breaking, farming after site preparation
Layer is excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower, and tilling depth stability is 85%~95%, grading 1~5cm of degree after ploughing, and garrulous soil rate >=55% meets sowing production
Condition requirement.
(2) plantation step
Trench digging, fertilising, sowing, ridging, spray, overlay film joint are once completed using potato ridge-forming and fertilizing plastic film mulch combined drill
Operation, the high 15~25cm in ridging ridge, it is desirable that ridge shape is neat, and row spacing is consistent, ridging width qualification rate 85%~95%；Planting depth 10
~15cm, the potato seed of 1 or 1 piece of every cave, distribution triangular in shape, application rate are 120~150kg/ mus, and Planting Row Distance and spacing in the rows guarantee
Daylighting when horse bell is grown, while to meet the requirement of weeding plant protection, harvest operation running gear wheelspan, plant spacing pass rate
85%~95%, seed level qualification rate 75%~95%, hole rate≤8%；Fertilising uses particle slow release compound fertilizer, matches apply seed manure 15 per acre
~20kg, 3~5cm of seed manure spacing, the total defertilizing amount consistency coefficient of variation≤13%；It sprays insecticide after the completion of sowing and covers ground
Film, using film-covering planting mode, mulch uses the black film of 0.008~0.012mm thickness, and 3~5cm of covering is thin above mulch potato seed
Soil.
(3) field management step
Cultivation and banking, weeding, top dressing, plant protection and irrigating carry out simultaneously, and wherein cultivation and banking is by adjusting disk and the ground of earthing up
Angle carries out ridging operation, it is desirable that ridge shape is complete after operation, for the first time intertillage 3~4 weeks after broadcasting, when emergence rate reaches 20% into
Row operation, earth up 3~5cm of thickness；Second intertillage potato seedling it is long to 15~20cm when carry out operation, thickness of earthing up
5cm；Third time intertillage carries out operation before potato seals ridge in due course, the line-spacing consistency coefficient of variation≤13% of earthing up；In conjunction with intertillage
Operation imposes instant nitrogenousfertilizer, sprays various pesticides, fertilizer and plant growth regulation liquid formulation using equipment for plant protection, irrigates logical
It crosses underground moisture monitoring system sensor and carries out irrigation management, carry out soil moisture track record, pour water no more than 1/2 ridge
It is high.
(4) seedling step is killed
It kills seedling operation to carry out within 7~10 days before planning harvest operation, crop 5~10cm of the height for the stubble left, stalk is gone back after crushing
Field processing.
(5) step is harvested
Potato seedling killing terminates stem tuber and stops weight gain, and epidermis carries out mechanized harvesting of potatoes when forming thicker phellem layer, according to
Appointed condition and commodity potato kind and purposes select swath harvesting or combining, swath harvesting 15~20cm of excavating depth, horse
Bell potato loss late 1.0%~4.0%, potato-damaging rate 1.0%~1.5%；Combining requires 15~25cm of excavating depth, potato loss
Rate 1.0%~4.0%, potato-damaging rate 1.0%~2.0%.The wherein process route of swath harvesting: it excavates；Shake conveying；Native potato separation；
Ground laying；Artificial stem block separation；Artificial separation pack；Baby tractor is transported to the edge of a field；Manually be loaded vehicle；Combining work
Skill route 1 are as follows: excavate；Shake conveying；The separation of level-one soil potato；The separation of second level stem block；Potato wedge first-level transport；Potato wedge two-stage conveying；
Lift arm is delivered to retinue truck；Transported on trucks is to the edge of a field；Process route 2 are as follows: excavate；Shake conveying；The separation of level-one soil potato；Two
Grade stem block separation；Potato wedge first-level transport；Potato wedge two-stage conveying；Pack processing；Artificial bleed is to tractor；Baby tractor transports
To the edge of a field；Manually be loaded vehicle.
(6) mulch picks up step
Mulch, which is carried out, using used plastic collection machinery picks up operation, used plastic collection rate 90%~100%.
3. postpartum process flow includes:
(1) storage step is cleaned and is transported in classification
Process is cleaned in classification after potato harvest are as follows: sorting table；The dedicated carloader of container；It is transported to factory or freezer；
The dedicated car unloader of container；Conveyor belt；Warehouse entry and piling special machine in bulk；Storage storage, storage temperature are set as 10~13 DEG C,
Storing relative humidity is 85%~90%.
The whole machine of specifically a kind of suitable northwest China arid of the present invention, semiarid region potato matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture
Tool production method proposes that potato carries out antenatal agronomy process flow and (production of seed stock, pre-sowing treatment and cuts kind, production soil
Condition), produce in mechanization workflow (plough whole, plantation, field management, kill seedling, harvest, mulch pickup), postpartum process flow
(classification is cleaned, transports, stored) handles the process flow of entire mechanization mode, the production method is scientific and reasonable, it is technologically advanced,
High production efficiency has good society, economy, ecological benefits, efficiently solves China's potato entire mechanization producer
Method agricultural machinery and agronomy are inadaptable, production method is backward, productivity effect is low, without technologies such as the production methods of a whole set of mature and reliable
Problem, is the effective way for realizing potato industrialization, architecture, Standardization Development, and popularization and application foreground is wide.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of entire mechanization production method structure flow chart of potato matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of entire mechanization production method swath harvesting job stream of potato matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture of the present invention
Cheng Tu.
Fig. 3 is a kind of entire mechanization production method combining job stream of potato matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture of the present invention
Cheng Tu.
Fig. 4 is that technique stream is cleaned in a kind of entire mechanization production method classification of potato matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture of the present invention
Cheng Tu.
Specific embodiment is described in further detail below in conjunction with preferred example shown in attached drawing:
Embodiment 1: a kind of entire mechanization production method of potato matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture is mainly characterized by step
Are as follows:
1. antenatal agronomy process flow
(1) production of seed stock step
It is carried out in detoxification developmental tube using the method for cutting breeding, 6~8cm of test tube seedling, when 7~10 leaves, practices seedling after 1 day
Whole strain transplanting is carried out, in batch production soilless cultivation micro potato, cultivates G0 and G1 Dai Yuanyuan potato.
(2) pre-sowing treatment and kind of a step is cut
Wherein bulk potato (>=50g) Yao Jinhang stripping and slicing, stripping and slicing size are 35g, and each stripping and slicing at least 1~2 bud eye is cut
75% alcohol disinfecting of block cutter, admixes 50 kilograms of gypsum with 2 kilogram 70%+1 kilogram 72% of thiophanate methyl of agricultural streptomycin
Powder, every 50 kilograms of strippings and slicings are mixed thoroughly with 2 kilograms of mixing medicines, carry out Dressing after stripping and slicing in 20 minutes, potato seed be small seed potato (≤
50g), it is directly sowed without any processing, the sowing of 1 day time is then stored in the case where being protected from light ventilation condition, wherein producing
Soil selects the subacidity of pH5.5~6.0 or neutral soil, the loam that the soil is porous breathes freely or sandy loam.2. mechanical in producing
Change workflow
(1) site preparation step is ploughed
It carries out spreading fertilizer over the fields base manure using fertilizer distributor, ground is carried out except stubble processing and first time subsoiling are made using subsoiling combined soil preparing machine
Industry, subsoiling depth 30cm are mixed in 50kg fine earth per acre with 50% Phoxim emulsion 400g, and being applied in native ditch before broadcasting prevents ground
Lower pest is flattened earth's surface with disc harrow, and ground even, clods breaking, arable layer are excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower after site preparation, garrulous soil rate >=55%,
Meet sowing working condition requirement.
(2) plantation step
Trench digging, fertilising, sowing, ridging, spray, overlay film joint are once completed using potato ridge-forming and fertilizing plastic film mulch combined drill
Operation, the high 15cm in ridging ridge, ridge shape is neat, and row spacing is consistent, ridging width qualification rate 85%~95%；Planting depth 12cm, every cave 1
Grain or 1 piece of potato seed, distribution triangular in shape, application rate are 135kg/ mus, and Planting Row Distance and spacing in the rows guarantee adopting when potato growth
Photosensitiveness, the average of potato planting sow 3500 plants/acre of strain number per acre, while to meet weeding plant protection, harvest operation walking dress
Set the requirement of wheelspan, plant spacing pass rate 85%~95%, seed level qualification rate 75%~95%, hole rate≤8%；Fertilising is slow using particle
Compound fertilizer is released, matches apply seed manure 20kg, seed manure spacing 3cm, the total defertilizing amount consistency coefficient of variation≤13% per acre；After the completion of sowing
Mulch is sprayed insecticide and covers, mulch covers 4cm fine earth using 0.010 thick black film, mulch potato seed top.
(3) field management step
Cultivation and banking, weeding, top dressing are carried out using duplicate rows or four row cultivation and banking top dressing weeding combination machines, wherein cultivation and banking is logical
It crosses adjustment double-mouldboard plough and ground angle carries out ridging operation, it is desirable that ridge shape is complete after operation, intertills 3 weeks after broadcasting, goes out for the first time
Seedling rate carries out operation when reaching 20%, earth up thickness 3cm；Second intertillage potato seedling it is long to 15cm when carry out operation, train
Soil thickness 5cm；Third time intertillage carries out operation before potato seals ridge in due course, the line-spacing consistency coefficient of variation≤13% of earthing up；Knot
Close intertillage operation and impose instant nitrogenousfertilizer (except plastic film mulch mode), using high-clearance truss spraying machine large area spray various pesticides,
The liquid formulations such as fertilizer and plant growth regulation, emphasis are that early, late blight prevention occurs and control development, reagent combination and
Dosage is used according to local agriculture requirement, and different agents are preferably used alternatingly, it is desirable that connect row is accurate, spray uniformly, atomization it is good
It is good, it avoids drain spray, respray.It irrigates and system sensor progress irrigation management is monitored by underground moisture, carry out soil moisture tracking
Record, can be irrigated, pouring water should not mistake in time when pouring water according to seedling growing state, soil moisture status, climate condition
Amount, it is high no more than 1/2 ridge, potato wedge anoxic is otherwise easily caused, stomata occurs in surface, influences Potato Quality.
(4) seedling step is killed
It kills seedling operation to carry out within 7 days before planning harvest operation, carries out killing seedling operation, the crop height for the stubble left using duplicate rows seedling killing machine
6cm, stalk carries out returning to the field processing after crushing.
(5) step is harvested
Potato seedling killing terminates stem tuber and stops weight gain, and epidermis carries out mechanized harvesting of potatoes operation when forming thicker phellem layer,
According to appointed condition and commodity potato kind and purposes, swath harvesting, process route are carried out using potato lifter are as follows: excavate；
Shake；Conveying；Native potato separation；Ground laying；Artificial stem block separation；Artificial separation pack；Baby tractor is transported to the edge of a field；People
Tooling truck, swath harvesting excavating depth 17cm, potato loss late 1.0%~4.0%, potato-damaging rate 1.0%~1.5%.
(6) mulch picks up step
Mulch, which is carried out, using drum-type mulching film reclaimer picks up operation, used plastic collection rate 90%.
3. postpartum process flow
(1) storage step is cleaned and is transported in classification
Classification is carried out after potato harvest in time and cleans process, process flow are as follows: sorting table；The dedicated entrucking of container
Machine；It is transported to factory or freezer；The dedicated car unloader of container；Conveyor belt；Warehouse entry and piling special machine in bulk；Storage storage.Storage
Hiding temperature is set as 11 DEG C, and storage relative humidity is 85%.
Embodiment 2: a kind of entire mechanization production method of potato matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture is mainly characterized by step
Suddenly are as follows:
1. antenatal agronomy process flow:
(1) production of seed stock step
It is carried out in detoxification developmental tube using the method for cutting breeding, the long 6~8cm of test tube seedling, when 7~10 leaves, is practiced seedling 1 day
After carry out whole strain transplanting, in greenhouse cultivation micro potato, cultivate G0 and G1 Dai Yuanyuan potato.
(2) pre-sowing treatment and kind of a step is cut
Bulk potato (>=50g) Yao Jinhang stripping and slicing, stripping and slicing size are 40g, and each stripping and slicing at least 1~2 bud eye, potato seed are
The former potato of G0 and G1, is directly sowed without any processing, stripping and slicing cutter with 75% alcohol disinfecting, with 2 kilogram of 70% first
The agricultural streptomycin that+1 kilogram 72% of base thiophanate admixes 50 kilograms of land plasters, and every 50 kilograms of strippings and slicings are mixed thoroughly with 2 kilograms of mixing medicines,
Dressing is carried out after stripping and slicing in 30 minutes, the sowing of 2 day time, production soil selection are then stored in the case where being protected from light ventilation condition
The subacidity of pH5.5~6.0 or neutral soil, the loam that the soil is porous breathes freely or sandy loam.2. mechanization workflow in producing
Journey
(1) site preparation step is ploughed
It carries out spreading fertilizer over the fields base manure using double-arc spline fertilizer distributor, is ploughed using hydraulic reversion and carry out ground except stubble is handled and operation of plowing, ploughed
Ground depth 30cm is mixed in 50kg fine earth per acre with 50% Phoxim emulsion 400g, and applying before broadcasting prevents underground evil in ditch dug with a plow
Earth's surface is revolved with rotary cultivator and is put down by worm, and ground even, clods breaking, arable layer are excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower after site preparation, and tilling depth stability is 85%
~95%, grading 1~5cm of degree after ploughing, garrulous soil rate >=55% meet sowing working condition requirement.
(2) plantation step
Trench digging, fertilising, sowing, ridging, spray, overlay film joint are once completed using potato ridge-forming and fertilizing plastic film mulch combined drill
Operation, the high 25cm in ridging ridge, ridge shape is neat, and row spacing is consistent, ridging width qualification rate 85%~95%；Planting depth 15cm, every cave 1
Grain or 1 piece of potato seed, distribution triangular in shape, application rate are 150kg/ mus, and Planting Row Distance and spacing in the rows guarantee daylighting when horse bell is grown
Property, while meeting the requirement of weeding plant protection, harvest operation running gear wheelspan, and plant spacing pass rate 85%~95%, seed level qualification rate
75%~95%, hole rate≤8%；Fertilising uses particle slow release compound fertilizer, per acre with seed manure 15kg, seed manure spacing 5cm is applied, always arranges
The fertilizer amount consistency coefficient of variation≤13% is sprayed insecticide after the completion of sowing.
(3) field management step
Using potato, upper native machine and potato cultivator carry out cultivation and banking, weeding, top dressing automatically, by adjusting double-mouldboard plough with
Ground angle carries out ridging operation, it is desirable that ridge shape is complete after operation, for the first time intertillage 4 weeks after broadcasting, when emergence rate reaches 20% into
Row operation, earth up thickness 5cm；Second intertillage potato seedling it is long to 20cm when carry out operation, earth up thickness 5cm；Third
Secondary intertillage carries out operation before potato seals ridge in due course, the line-spacing consistency coefficient of variation≤13% of earthing up；It is imposed in conjunction with intertillage operation
Instant nitrogenousfertilizer sprays various pesticides, fertilizer and plant growth regulation etc. using rod-type spraying machine or plant protection drone large area
Liquid formulation irrigates and monitors system sensor progress irrigation management by underground moisture, carries out soil moisture track record, pour water
It is not high no more than 1/2 ridge.
(4) seedling step is killed
It kills seedling operation to carry out within 10 days before planning harvest operation, carries out killing seedling operation using flail knife formula seedling killing machine, crop toothing is high
8cm is spent, stalk carries out returning to the field processing after crushing.
(5) step is harvested
Potato seedling killing terminates stem tuber and stops weight gain, and epidermis carries out mechanized harvesting of potatoes operation when forming thicker phellem layer,
According to local facilities condition and commodity potato kind and purposes, combining, technique road are carried out using potato combine
Line 1 are as follows: excavate；Shake conveying；The separation of level-one soil potato；The separation of second level stem block；Potato wedge first-level transport；Potato wedge two-stage conveying；It is promoted
Arm is delivered to retinue truck；Transported on trucks is to the edge of a field or process route 2 are as follows: excavates；Shake conveying；The separation of level-one soil potato；Second level
The separation of stem block；Potato wedge first-level transport；Potato wedge two-stage conveying；Pack processing；Artificial bleed is to tractor；Baby tractor is transported to
The edge of a field；Manually be loaded vehicle, combining excavating depth 20cm, potato loss late 1.0%~4.0%, potato-damaging rate 1.0%~2.0%.
(6) mulch picks up step
Mulch, which is carried out, using spring-tooth residual film reclaimer picks up operation, used plastic collection rate 90%.
3. postpartum process flow
(1) storage step is cleaned and is transported in classification
Classification is carried out after potato harvest in time and cleans process, process flow are as follows: sorting table；The dedicated entrucking of container
Machine；It is transported to factory or freezer；The dedicated car unloader of container；Conveyor belt；Warehouse entry and piling special machine in bulk；Storage storage.Benefit
It is stored with potato freezer, storage temperature is set as 12 DEG C, and storage relative humidity is 88%.
The above, preferred example mode only of the present invention, anyone skilled in the art is in the present invention
In the technical scope of disclosure, the simple change or equivalence replacement for the technical solution that can be become apparent to each fall within of the invention
In protection scope.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of entire mechanization production method of potato matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture, including in antenatal agronomy process flow, production
Mechanization workflow and postpartum process flow；Wherein antenatal agronomy process flow includes:
(1) production of seed stock step
It is carried out in detoxification developmental tube using the method for cutting breeding, 6~8cm of test tube seedling, when 7~10 leaves, practices seedling after 1 day
Whole strain transplanting is carried out, in batch production soilless cultivation micro potato or greenhouse cultivation micro potato, cultivates G0 and G1 Dai Yuanyuan potato；
(2) pre-sowing treatment and kind of a step is cut
Bulk potato (>=50g) is wherein subjected to stripping and slicing, stripping and slicing size is 30~40g, each stripping and slicing at least 1~2 bud
Eye, 75% alcohol disinfecting of stripping and slicing cutter, admixes 50 public affairs with 2 kilogram 70%+1 kilogram 72% of thiophanate methyl of agricultural streptomycin
Jin land plaster, every 50 kilograms of strippings and slicings are mixed thoroughly with 2 kilograms of mixing medicines, carry out Dressing after stripping and slicing in 20~30 minutes；Potato seed is
The former potato of small seed potato (≤50g) or G0 and G1, is directly sowed without any processing, by above two treated Ma Ling
Potato and the former potato of small seed potato or G0 and G1 store the sowing of 1~2 day time in the case where being protected from light ventilation condition；Wherein production soil selection
The subacidity of pH5.5~6.0 or neutral soil, the loam that the soil is porous breathes freely or sandy loam.
2. mechanical in a kind of entire mechanization production method production of potato matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture according to claim 1
Changing workflow includes:
(1) site preparation step is ploughed
Spread fertilizer over the fields base manure；Ground is except stubble processing；First time subsoiling is plowed, subsoiling 25~35cm of depth, plow depth >=25cm with
On, it is desirable that overturning soil covering weeds mix in 50kg fine earth, apply before broadcasting per acre with 50% 400~500g of Phoxim emulsion
Burying prevents subterranean pest-insect in ditch, is flattened earth's surface with disc harrow or rotary cultivator, ground even, clods breaking, farming after site preparation
Layer is excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower, and tilling depth stability is 85%~95%, grading 1~5cm of degree after ploughing, and garrulous soil rate >=55% meets sowing production
Condition requirement；
(2) plantation step
Trench digging, fertilising, sowing, ridging, spray, overlay film joint are once completed using potato ridge-forming and fertilizing plastic film mulch combined drill
Operation, the high 15~25cm in ridging ridge, it is desirable that ridge shape is neat, and row spacing is consistent, ridging width qualification rate 85%~95%；Planting depth 10
~15cm, the potato seed of 1 or 1 piece of every cave, distribution triangular in shape, application rate are 120~150kg/ mus, and Planting Row Distance and spacing in the rows guarantee
Daylighting when potato growth, while to meet the requirement of weeding plant protection, harvest operation running gear wheelspan, plant spacing pass rate
85%~95%, seed level qualification rate 75%~95%, hole rate≤8%；Fertilising uses particle slow release compound fertilizer, matches apply seed manure 15 per acre
~20kg, 3~5cm of seed manure spacing, the total defertilizing amount consistency coefficient of variation≤13%；It sprays insecticide after the completion of sowing and covers ground
Film, using film-covering planting mode, mulch uses the black film of 0.008~0.012mm thickness, and 3~5cm of covering is thin above mulch potato seed
Soil；
(3) field management step
Cultivation and banking, weeding, top dressing, plant protection and irrigating carry out simultaneously, and wherein cultivation and banking is by adjusting disk and the ground of earthing up
Angle carries out ridging operation, it is desirable that ridge shape is complete after operation, for the first time intertillage 3~4 weeks after broadcasting, when emergence rate reaches 20% into
Row operation, earth up 3~5cm of thickness；Second intertillage potato seedling it is long to 15~20cm when carry out operation, thickness of earthing up
5cm；Third time intertillage carries out operation before potato seals ridge in due course, the line-spacing consistency coefficient of variation≤13% of earthing up；In conjunction with intertillage
Operation imposes instant nitrogenousfertilizer, sprays various pesticides, fertilizer and plant growth regulation liquid formulation using equipment for plant protection, irrigates logical
It crosses underground moisture monitoring system sensor and carries out irrigation management, carry out soil moisture track record, pour water no more than 1/2 ridge
It is high；
(4) seedling step is killed
It kills seedling operation to carry out within 7~10 days before planning harvest operation, crop 5~10cm of the height for the stubble left, stalk is gone back after crushing
Field processing；
(5) step is harvested
Potato seedling killing terminates stem tuber and stops weight gain, and epidermis carries out mechanized harvesting of potatoes when forming thicker phellem layer, according to
Appointed condition and commodity potato kind and purposes select swath harvesting or combining, swath harvesting 15~20cm of excavating depth, horse
Bell potato loss late 1.0%~4.0%, potato-damaging rate 1.0%~1.5%；Combining requires 15~25cm of excavating depth, potato loss
Rate 1.0%~4.0%, potato-damaging rate 1.0%~2.0%；
(6) mulch picks up step
Mulch, which is carried out, using used plastic collection machinery picks up operation, used plastic collection rate 90%~100%.
3. a kind of entire mechanization production method postpartum technique of potato matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture according to claim 1
Process includes:
(1) storage step is cleaned and is transported in classification
Process is cleaned in classification after potato harvest are as follows: sorting table；The dedicated carloader of container；It is transported to factory or freezer；
The dedicated car unloader of container；Conveyor belt；Warehouse entry and piling special machine in bulk；Storage storage, storage temperature are set as 10~13 DEG C,
Storing relative humidity is 85%~90%.
4. the entire mechanization production method of a kind of potato matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture according to claim 1, wherein receiving
Obtaining step further comprises: the process route of swath harvesting: excavating；Shake conveying；Native potato separation；Ground laying；Artificial stem block
Separation；Artificial separation pack；Baby tractor is transported to the edge of a field；Manually be loaded vehicle；Combining process route 1 is to excavate；It trembles
Dynamic conveying；The separation of level-one soil potato；The separation of second level stem block；Potato wedge first-level transport；Potato wedge two-stage conveying；Lift arm is delivered to visitor card
Vehicle；Transported on trucks is to the edge of a field；Process route 2 is to excavate；Shake conveying；The separation of level-one soil potato；The separation of second level stem block；Potato wedge level-one
Conveying；Potato wedge two-stage conveying；Pack processing；Artificial bleed is to tractor；Baby tractor is transported to the edge of a field；Manually be loaded vehicle.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110876298A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-13 | 青岛农业大学 | Potato harvester is with gathering together shop device |
| CN113994804A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-01 | 恩平市农业技术推广服务中心 | Potato balanced fertilization expert system is made in winter based on target output |
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| CN1094213A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1994-11-02 | 张树丛 | Undergroud cultivating method for patato |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110876298A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-13 | 青岛农业大学 | Potato harvester is with gathering together shop device |
| CN113994804A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-01 | 恩平市农业技术推广服务中心 | Potato balanced fertilization expert system is made in winter based on target output |
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