CN109786878B - Charging/heating control method for power battery of electric automobile - Google Patents
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Abstract
A charging/heating control method for a power battery of an electric automobile relates to the technical field of heating and charging of lithium ion power batteries. The problem of low temperature environment use lithium ion power battery need preheat, and current external heating device exists the heating temperature and distributes unevenly, easily causes the harm to the battery is solved. When the surface temperature of the lithium ion power battery is lower than the set temperature, if the SOC of the battery is lower than the preset value, the super capacitor is charged by the power supply, and the super capacitor carries out alternating excitation heating on the lithium ion power battery through bidirectional DC/DC. Otherwise, the lithium ion power battery provides self-heating energy, alternating frequency charging and discharging are carried out on the super capacitor through the bidirectional DC/DC, alternating excitation heating of the lithium ion power battery is achieved, when the temperature of the lithium ion power battery is higher than a set temperature, the lithium ion power battery is charged when the lithium ion power battery is not fully charged until the electric quantity of the lithium ion power battery is fully charged, and the lithium ion power battery heating and charging device is suitable for heating and charging the power battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heating and charging of lithium ion power batteries.
Background
Along with the generation of energy problems, the nation supports the new energy industry greatly, and lithium ion batteries become important energy storage elements due to the advantages of high energy density, low self-discharge rate, no memory effect and the like, and are widely applied to the fields of new energy power stations, electric vehicles and the like.
Due to the internal structure and electrochemical properties of lithium batteries, the charge and discharge performance of lithium batteries is a major problem at low temperatures. Due to the fact that the activity of the active material is reduced at low temperature, the internal diffusion rate is reduced, the internal impedance of the lithium ion battery is greatly increased at low temperature, the output power is reduced, and meanwhile the available battery capacity is correspondingly reduced. Meanwhile, the lithium battery is used at low temperature, so that the problems of lithium precipitation of the negative electrode and the like exist, and the low-temperature heating of the lithium battery becomes necessary. And the adoption of an external heating mode has the problem of uneven temperature distribution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a charging/heating integrated device and a charging/heating integrated method for a power battery of an electric automobile, aiming at solving the problems that the lithium ion power battery used in a low-temperature environment needs to be preheated, and the battery is easily damaged due to uneven heating temperature distribution of the conventional external heating device.
The invention relates to a charging/heating control method for a power battery of an electric automobile, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, collecting the surface temperature T of the lithium ion power battery, and judging whether the surface temperature T of the lithium ion power battery is smaller than a preset temperature threshold value T or notsetIf yes, executing the step two, otherwise, executing the step eight; wherein the temperature threshold value TsetIs a positive number;
step two, collecting the charge state soc, the terminal voltage U and the current I of the lithium ion power battery, and judging whether the charge state soc of the lithium ion power battery is smaller than a set threshold socsetIf yes, executing the third step, otherwise, executing the fourth step; step three, charging the super capacitor by using an external power supply until the state of charge of the super capacitor is 1-socsetUntil the end; then executing the step four;
step four, establishing a first-order Davining equivalent circuit model of the lithium ion power battery, and identifying the parameters of the lithium ion power battery by using the terminal voltage U and the current I of the lithium ion power battery in the step two to obtain the ohmic internal resistance R of the lithium ion power battery0Internal resistance to polarization R1And a polarization capacitor C1；
Step five, utilizing the ohmic internal resistance R of the lithium ion power battery obtained in the step four0Internal resistance to polarization R1And a polarization capacitor C1Obtaining a lithium ion power batteryA partial total impedance as a function of frequency;
step six, calculating and obtaining the optimal heating frequency of the lithium ion power battery under the current temperature environment by using the internal total impedance and frequency function and the heat generation power formula of the lithium ion power battery obtained in the step five;
connecting two ends of a super capacitor with a signal input and output end on one side of a bidirectional DC/DC converter, connecting a charge and discharge signal end of a lithium ion power battery with a signal input and output end on the other side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and using the optimal heating frequency of the lithium ion power battery obtained in the sixth step as the alternating switching frequency of the bidirectional DC/DC converter to realize alternating control of charging/discharging of the lithium ion power battery and after the alternating excitation heating time t1 is carried out on the lithium ion power battery; returning to execute the step one;
and step eight, judging whether the charge state soc of the lithium ion power battery is in a full charge state, if so, returning to the step one, otherwise, charging the lithium ion power battery by adopting an external power supply until the lithium ion power battery is fully charged, and returning to the step one.
The method comprises the steps of firstly judging whether the surface temperature of the lithium ion power battery is lower than a set temperature, if so, judging whether the residual electric quantity soc of the battery is lower than a preset value, and if so, charging 1-soc to the super capacitorsetThen the DC/DC converter is controlled to be switched on alternately, the super capacitor is firstly charged to the lithium ion power battery, or the lithium ion power battery is charged to the super capacitor, so as to realize the alternating excitation heating of the lithium ion power battery, meanwhile, the situation that the battery is overcharged due to the discharge of the super capacitor to the battery when the battery power is high is avoided, when the temperature of the lithium ion power battery is higher than the set temperature, only the residual electric quantity of the lithium ion power battery needs to be judged whether to be in a full state, if so, the charging is not needed, otherwise, the lithium ion power battery is charged until the lithium ion power battery is fully charged, self-heating is realized by adopting a mode of additionally adding a super capacitor, and the self-heating of the lithium ion power battery in the excitation heating process is reduced.The consumption of energy simultaneously, to the control of super capacitor charge volume, avoids appearing the problem of overcharging, the effectual heating and the charging of having realized the battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first-order Davinin equivalent circuit of a lithium ion battery.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the corresponding technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. The embodiments and the features of the embodiments can be combined without conflict, and the technical solutions formed are all within the scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: the following describes the present embodiment with reference to fig. 1, and the method for controlling charging/heating of the power battery of the electric vehicle in the present embodiment includes the following specific steps:
step one, collecting the surface temperature T of the lithium ion power battery, and judging whether the surface temperature T of the lithium ion power battery is smaller than a preset temperature threshold value T or notsetIf yes, executing the step two, otherwise, executing the step eight; wherein the temperature threshold value TsetIs a positive number;
step two, collecting the charge state soc, the terminal voltage U and the current I of the lithium ion power battery, and judging whether the charge state soc of the lithium ion power battery is smaller than a set threshold socsetIf yes, executing the third step, otherwise, executing the fourth step;
step three, charging the super capacitor by using an external power supply until the state of charge of the super capacitor is 1-socsetUntil the end; then executing the step four;
step four, establishing a first-order Davining equivalent circuit model of the lithium ion power battery, and identifying the parameters of the lithium ion power battery by using the terminal voltage U and the current I of the lithium ion power battery in the step two to obtain the ohmic internal resistance of the lithium ion power batteryR0Internal resistance to polarization R1And a polarization capacitor C1；
Step five, utilizing the ohmic internal resistance R of the lithium ion power battery obtained in the step four0Internal resistance to polarization R1And a polarization capacitor C1Obtaining the total impedance and frequency function inside the lithium ion power battery;
step six, calculating and obtaining the optimal heating frequency of the lithium ion power battery under the current temperature environment by using the internal total impedance and frequency function and the heat generation power formula of the lithium ion power battery obtained in the step five;
connecting two ends of a super capacitor with a signal input and output end on one side of a bidirectional DC/DC converter, connecting a charge and discharge signal end of a lithium ion power battery with a signal input and output end on the other side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and using the optimal heating frequency of the lithium ion power battery obtained in the sixth step as the alternating switching frequency of the bidirectional DC/DC converter to realize alternating control of charging/discharging of the lithium ion power battery and after the alternating excitation heating time t1 is carried out on the lithium ion power battery; returning to execute the step one;
and step eight, judging whether the charge state soc of the lithium ion power battery is in a full charge state, if so, returning to the step one, otherwise, charging the lithium ion power battery by adopting an external power supply until the lithium ion power battery is fully charged, and returning to the step one.
The sampling circuit comprises a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit and a charge state sampling circuit, wherein the sampling circuit is used for sampling the current, the voltage and the charge state of the power battery of the electric automobile, determining whether to charge or not according to the acquired voltage, the acquired current and the acquired charge state, and calculating the alternating excitation frequency of excitation heating.
According to the embodiment, the external power supply is enabled to charge the super capacitor only when the state of charge of the battery is lower than the set threshold value at the present moment through judgment before the battery is used, and the power battery pack charges the super capacitor when the state of charge of the battery is higher than the set threshold value, so that the possibility of over-charging when the power battery is in a full-charge state is avoided. By adopting the control method, the energy consumed by the self-heating of the battery can be provided by the external power supply as much as possible, so that the consumption of the energy of the battery is reduced during heating, the battery is directly charged after the heating is finished, the purpose of the heating process is accelerated, the use of the battery is avoided being influenced, and the preheating of the battery is realized.
The second embodiment is as follows: in the following, the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 2, and the embodiment further describes a charging/heating control method for a power battery of an electric vehicle according to the first embodiment, where the first-order davinin equivalent circuit model inside the lithium ion battery includes an ohmic internal resistance R0Polarization resistance R1And a polarization capacitor C1And an open circuit equivalent voltage source UOC；
Ohmic internal resistance R0One end of the positive electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the charging power supply, and the ohmic internal resistance R0The other end of the capacitor is simultaneously connected with a polarization capacitor C1And a polarization resistance R1One end of (a); polarization capacitance C1The other end of the same is connected with the polarization resistor R1And the other end of the open circuit equivalent voltage source UOCOpen circuit equivalent voltage source UOCThe negative electrode of the charging power supply is connected with the negative electrode of the charging power supply.
In a third specific embodiment, the present embodiment is further described with respect to the charging/heating control method for a power battery of an electric vehicle described in the second specific embodiment, and the formula of the first-order davinin equivalent circuit model of the lithium ion battery described in the fourth step is as follows:
wherein R is0Is ohmic internal resistance, R1For polarizing internal resistance, C1To polarize the capacitance, UOCFor the open circuit voltage of the lithium ion battery, U is the terminal voltage of the lithium ion battery, and s is the complex frequency.
In a fourth specific embodiment, the present embodiment is further described with respect to the method for controlling charging/heating of the power battery of the electric vehicle in the third specific embodiment, and the battery obtained in the fourth stepOhmic internal resistance R0Internal resistance to polarization R1And a polarization capacitor C1The specific process comprises the following steps:
step four, one, order
Formulating a first-order Davinin equivalent circuit of the lithium ion battery into a differential form, wherein x (k) is a physical quantity value obtained by sampling at the kth time, x (k-1) is a physical quantity value obtained by sampling at the kth-1 time, and the physical quantity is Uoc (k), U (k) or I (k);
UOC(k)-U(k)＝k1[UOC(k-1)-U(k-1)]+k2I(k)-k3I(k-1) (2)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
uoc (k) is the open circuit voltage of the power battery sampled k times, U (k) is the terminal voltage of the power battery sampled k times, I (k) is the current of the power battery sampled k times, k-1 represents the k-1 sampling, T is the sampling interval, the time between two samplings, UOC(k-1) is the open-circuit voltage of the power battery sampled k-1 times, U (k-1) is the terminal voltage of the power battery sampled k-1 times, and I (k-1) is the current of the power battery sampled k-1 times;
step four and two, identifying the parameter k in the differential equation by a recursive least square method1,k1,k3(ii) a The parameters in the equivalent circuit model are:
in a fifth embodiment, the present embodiment is further described with respect to the method for controlling charging/heating of a power battery of an electric vehicle in the fourth embodiment, where the function of the total internal impedance of the battery and the frequency in the fifth step is:
wherein ω is 2 pi f; f is the alternating excitation heating frequency of the lithium ion power battery, j is an imaginary number unit, R1(f) As a function of the polarization internal resistance of the cell with the alternating excitation heating frequency, C1(f) Is a polarization capacitance C of the battery1As a function of the heating frequency of the alternating excitation, wherein C1(f) And R1(f) And fitting through an impedance spectrum to obtain the impedance spectrum.
In a sixth specific embodiment, the present embodiment is further described with respect to a method for controlling charging/heating of a power battery of an electric vehicle in a fifth specific embodiment, where the specific method for obtaining the optimal heating frequency of the lithium ion battery in the current temperature environment through calculation in the sixth step is as follows:
using formula of heat production power
Obtaining the heat generation power Q and the alternating excitation frequency function, wherein Re (Z (f)) is the real part of complex number Z (f), and Delta U is the terminal voltage U and the open circuit voltage UOCA difference of (d); the heat production power formula is developed to obtain:
and solving a first derivative and a second derivative of the heat generation power expansion equation to obtain a maximum value of the heat generation power, wherein the alternating excitation frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the heat generation power is the alternating excitation heating frequency of the power battery.
Seventh embodiment, this embodiment is further described with respect to the method for controlling charging/heating of a power battery of an electric vehicle according to the first embodiment, where the time t1 for performing alternating excitation heating on the lithium ion power battery in the seventh step is in a range from 20s to 40 s.
In an eighth embodiment, the present embodiment further provides a charging/heating control method for a power battery of an electric vehicle in the first embodimentTemperature threshold T in step onesetIn the range of 5 < Tset＜10℃。
The specific implementation method nine: in this embodiment, the method for controlling charging/heating of the power battery of the electric vehicle according to the sixth embodiment is further described, wherein the threshold soc is determined in the second stepsetThe range of (A): soc of 0.9 <set＜0.95。
The invention relates to an electric vehicle power battery charging and heating integrated device and a method, which are characterized in that energy required by self-heating of a battery is provided by a power supply instead of the battery by using a charging and heating integrated control strategy, so that the two processes of heating and charging of the battery are combined, the process that the energy in the battery is consumed firstly by self-heating in the traditional self-heating method and then the charging is carried out is avoided, and the time required by the whole heating-charging process is shortened.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above descriptions are only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A charging/heating control method for a power battery of an electric automobile is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one, collecting the surface temperature T of the lithium ion power battery, and judging whether the surface temperature T of the lithium ion power battery is smaller than a preset temperature threshold value T or notsetIf yes, executing the step two, otherwise, executing the step eight; wherein the temperature threshold value TsetIs a positive number;
step two, collecting the charge state soc, the terminal voltage U and the current I of the lithium ion power battery, and judging whether the charge state soc of the lithium ion power battery is smaller than a set threshold socsetIf yes, executing the third step, otherwise, executing the fourth step;
step three, charging the super capacitor by using an external power supply until the state of charge of the super capacitor is 1-socsetUntil the end; then executing the step four;
step four, establishing a first-order Davining equivalent circuit model of the lithium ion power battery, and identifying the parameters of the lithium ion power battery by using the terminal voltage U and the current I of the lithium ion power battery in the step two to obtain the ohmic internal resistance R of the lithium ion power battery0Internal resistance to polarization R1And a polarization capacitor C1；
Step five, utilizing the ohmic internal resistance R of the lithium ion power battery obtained in the step four0Internal resistance to polarization R1And a polarization capacitor C1Obtaining the total impedance and frequency function inside the lithium ion power battery;
the total internal impedance of the battery as a function of frequency is:
wherein ω is 2 pi f; f is the alternating excitation heating frequency of the lithium ion power battery, j is an imaginary number unit, R1(f) As a function of the polarization internal resistance of the cell with the alternating excitation heating frequency, C1(f) Is a polarization capacitance C of the battery1As a function of the heating frequency of the alternating excitation, wherein C1(f) And R1(f) Fitting through an impedance spectrum to obtain;
step six, calculating and obtaining the optimal heating frequency of the lithium ion power battery under the current temperature environment by using the internal total impedance and frequency function and the heat generation power formula of the lithium ion power battery obtained in the step five;
the specific method for calculating and obtaining the optimal heating frequency of the lithium ion power battery in the current temperature environment comprises the following steps:
using the heat production power formula:
obtaining heat generation power Q and an alternating excitation frequency function, wherein Re (Z (f)) is a real part of complex number Z (f), and delta U is terminal voltage U and open-circuit voltage UOCA difference of (d); the heat production power formula is developed to obtain:
solving a first derivative and a second derivative of the heat production power expansion equation to obtain a maximum heat production power, wherein the alternating excitation frequency corresponding to the maximum heat production power is the alternating excitation heating frequency of the power battery;
connecting two ends of a super capacitor with a signal input and output end on one side of a bidirectional DC/DC converter, connecting a charge and discharge signal end of a lithium ion power battery with a signal input and output end on the other side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and using the optimal heating frequency of the lithium ion power battery obtained in the sixth step as the alternating switching frequency of the bidirectional DC/DC converter to realize alternating control of charging/discharging of the lithium ion power battery and after the alternating excitation heating time t1 is carried out on the lithium ion power battery; returning to execute the step one;
and step eight, judging whether the charge state soc of the lithium ion power battery is in a full charge state, if so, returning to the step one, otherwise, charging the lithium ion power battery by adopting an external power supply until the lithium ion power battery is fully charged, and returning to the step one.
2. The charging/heating control method for the power battery of the electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step four, the first-order Davining equivalent circuit model of the lithium ion power battery comprises ohmic internal resistance R0Polarization resistance R1And a polarization capacitor C1And an open circuit equivalent voltage source UOC；
Ohmic internal resistance R0One end of the positive electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the charging power supply, and the ohmic internal resistance R0The other end of the capacitor is simultaneously connected with a polarization capacitor C1And a polarization resistance R1One end of (A)(ii) a Polarization capacitance C1The other end of the same is connected with the polarization resistor R1And the other end of the open circuit equivalent voltage source UOCOpen circuit equivalent voltage source UOCThe negative electrode of the charging power supply is connected with the negative electrode of the charging power supply.
3. The charging/heating control method for the power battery of the electric automobile according to claim 2, wherein in the fourth step, the formula of the first-order davinin equivalent circuit model of the lithium ion battery is as follows:
wherein R is0Is ohmic internal resistance, R1For polarizing internal resistance, C1To polarize the capacitance, UOCFor the open circuit voltage of the lithium ion battery, U is the terminal voltage of the lithium ion battery, and s is the complex frequency.
4. The charging/heating control method for the power battery of the electric automobile according to claim 3, wherein in the fourth step, the ohmic internal resistance R of the battery is obtained0Internal resistance to polarization R1And a polarization capacitor C1The specific process comprises the following steps:
step four, formulating the first-order Davining equivalent circuit of the lithium ion battery into a differential form to obtain:
UOC(k)-U(k)＝k1[UOC(k-1)-U(k-1)]+k2I(k)-k3I(k-1) (2)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
uoc (k) is the open circuit voltage of the power battery sampled k times, U (k) is the terminal voltage of the power battery sampled k times, I (K) is the current of the power battery sampled k times, k-1 represents the k-1 sampling, T is the sampling interval, the time between two samplings, UOC(k-1) is the open-circuit voltage of the power battery sampled k-1 times, and U (k-1) is that of the power battery sampled k-1 timesTerminal voltage, I (K-1) is the current of the power battery sampled K-1 times;
step four and two, identifying the parameter k in the differential equation by a recursive least square method1,k1,k3(ii) a The parameters in the equivalent circuit model are:
5. the charging/heating control method for the power battery of the electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the seventh step, the time t1 for alternate excitation heating of the lithium ion power battery is in the range of 20s to 40 s.
6. The charging/heating control method for the power battery of the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein the threshold soc in the second stepsetThe range of (A): soc of 0.9 <set＜0.95。
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