CN106532187A - Battery heating method based on battery health status - Google Patents

Battery heating method based on battery health status Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106532187A
CN106532187A CN201610991417.8A CN201610991417A CN106532187A CN 106532187 A CN106532187 A CN 106532187A CN 201610991417 A CN201610991417 A CN 201610991417A CN 106532187 A CN106532187 A CN 106532187A
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battery
soh
charge
discharge
pulse amplitude
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CN106532187B (en
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吴晓刚
陈喆
周美兰
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery heating method based on battery health status, and belongs to the technical field of battery heating. The method aims to solve the problem that a battery is incapable of being heated uniformly when the battery is charged and used at a low temperature or that aging of the battery is accelerated due to improper battery low-temperature heating pulse amplitude selection and control caused by the facts that the difference between the charging internal resistance of the battery and the discharging internal resistance of the battery is ignored in the heating process and the influence of the battery health status on battery performance is not taken into account. Alternating-current pulse current is applied to the battery, the battery is heated internally by using the heat generated by the battery internal resistance, the battery internal resistance is finely divided into the charging internal resistance and the discharging internal resistance in the heating process, and the influence of the battery health status on the battery performance is taken into account by using a certain constant polarization voltage as a restricted condition, so that the accuracy of battery low-temperature heating pulse amplitude selection and control is improved, and the influence on the aging of the battery in the heating process of the battery is effectively inhibited.

Description

A kind of battery heating means based on cell health state
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of battery heating means, and in particular to a kind of battery heating side based on cell health state Method, belongs to batteries of electric automobile low-temperature heat technical field.
Background technology
The advantages of lithium ion battery is with its specific power height, big energy density, low self-discharge rate and long storage time, just progressively Other batteries are replaced to become main electrokinetic cell.Although lithium ion battery has many good qualities, at low temperature, lithium-ion electric The charge-discharge performance in pond still suffers from larger problem, for example：Various active material activities are reduced, and the reactivity of battery core electrode is low, All kinds of impedances of graphite cathode inside lithium ion cell are significantly increased, and battery active volume is reduced, and power output is decreased obviously, and this is right The performance of electric automobile affects larger.
A kind of way of problem, correlation technique is used to be currently for the low temperature of battery：It is outside using broadband metal film etc. The method of heating is heated to battery, battery temperature is used to battery or DC charging after rising.But this method The uniform heating of battery can cannot be caused compared with burden to the equilibrium of battery pack.Another kind of way of correlation technique is using just String alternating current carries out discharge and recharge to battery, and the heat produced using internal resistance during battery low temperature carries out internal heating to battery, but When choosing and control pulse current amplitude, the difference between battery internal charging resistance and electric discharge internal resistance is ignored, and is not examined Consider impact of the cell health state to battery performance so that battery heat when alternating-current pulse amplitude choose and control it is improper, So as to accelerate decline of the battery in heating process.
The content of the invention
The brief overview with regard to the present invention is given below, to provide with regard to the basic of certain aspects of the invention Understand.It should be appreciated that this general introduction is not the exhaustive general introduction with regard to the present invention.It is not intended to the pass for determining the present invention Key or pith, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Its purpose only provides some concepts in simplified form, In this, as the preamble in greater detail discussed after a while.
In consideration of it, when the present invention is to solve under low temperature battery and charging and use, exist cannot to the uniform heating of battery, Or due to ignoring the difference between battery internal charging resistance and electric discharge internal resistance in heating process, and it is strong not account for battery Impact of the health state to battery performance, it is improper so as to causing battery low-temperature heat pulse amplitude to be chosen and controlling, accelerate battery to decline A kind of old problem, it is proposed that battery heating means based on cell health state.
The scheme taken of the present invention is：A kind of battery heating means based on cell health state, concretely comprise the following steps：
Step one, determines the current health status of battery, execution step two；
Step 2, gathers the information of battery charge state and battery temperature, execution step three；
Step 3, judges battery temperature T whether less than lowest temperature, if execution step four, otherwise execution step 11；
Step 4, according to battery temperature and state-of-charge, inquires about corresponding internal charging resistance in the table of comparisons for pre-establishing With electric discharge internal resistance, execution step five；
Step 5, according to cell health state, charge and discharge internal resistance, according to battery low-temperature heat pulse amplitude basis for selecting, Charging pulse amplitude and discharge pulse amplitude, execution step six are calculated respectively；
Step 6, according to the charging pulse amplitude and discharge pulse amplitude that calculate, and pulse frequency set in advance, Charge and discharge electric pulse is applied to battery, the heat produced using the internal resistance of cell carries out internal heating, execution step seven to battery；
Step 7, battery temperature are detected and are designated as T1, execution step eight；
Step 8, judges whether battery temperature rises n DEG C, i.e. T1- T whether >=n；If execution step nine, otherwise holds Row step 6；
Step 9, judges whether battery temperature reaches target temperature, i.e. T1Whether >=target temperature；If execution step ten One, otherwise execution step ten；
Step 10, calculating battery temperature is from T to T1Battery charge state knots modification in constant interval, regains battery State-of-charge, and make battery temperature T=T1, execution step four；
Step 11, stop pulse current charge-discharge electricity are heated to battery, and electric automobile normally runs, execution step one.
Further：In step one, control unit determines the health status of battery, eight shadows by eight influence factors The factor of sound is respectively：Accumulated cycles N；It is accumulative to use duration t；Accumulative ampere-hour handling capacity Q；Internal resistance of cell R；Actual capacity C； Capacity increment value | Δ Q/ Δ V |aver；The magnitude of voltage V of cell voltage plateau under standard discharge condition；It is permanent under standard charging state Stream is filled with electricity and is filled with the ratio Q of electricity with constant pressureCC/QCV；Wherein, when charge and discharge cycles were more than 3 minutes, circulation time Number can just be added up.
Further：The computing formula of eight influence factors is respectively：
Wherein NrFor specified accumulated cycles；
Wherein trFor specified accumulative use duration；
Wherein QrFor specified accumulative ampere-hour handling capacity；
Wherein R0With RfIt is to refer to internal resistance；
Wherein CrFor rated capacity；
Wherein Z0With ZfIt is with reference to capacity increment value；
Wherein V0With VfIt is with reference to platform voltage value；
Wherein G0And GfFor reference value.
Further：Each influence factor has corresponding weight θi, the expression formula of final cell health state is：
SOH=θ1SOH1+θ2SOH2+θ3SOH3+θ4SOH4+θ5SOH5+θ6SOH6+θ7SOH7+θ8SOH8。
Further：Influence factor has corresponding weight θiMeet following expression formula：
θ1+θ2+θ3+θ4+θ5+θ6+θ7+θ8=1；
θ1:θ2:θ3:θ4:θ5:θ6:θ7:θ8=1:1:2:1:2:1:1:1.
Further：Determine eight influence factors of cell health state, before every primary cell low-temperature heat, control unit To SOH1～SOH4Value refresh once；Every Y days, control unit was to SOH5～SOH8Value refresh once；The wherein value of Y Scope is 20～40.
Further：The internal resistance of cell is divided into into internal charging resistance and electric discharge internal resistance, different battery temperatures and charged are measured in advance In internal charging resistance and electric discharge internal resistance storage internal resistance of cell inquiry table in a control unit during state, it is easy in heating process Middle real-time detection simultaneously calculates battery difference battery temperature and charging pulse amplitude I during state-of-charge respectivelycharWith electric discharge arteries and veins Rush amplitude Idischar。
Further：Set a certain constant polarizing voltage value Vp, polarizing voltage value VpSpan be 0.1～0.4V, by In cell resistance ReqChange with the change of battery temperature and state-of-charge, according to I=Vp/Req, and consider cell health state Impact to battery performance, final battery low-temperature heat pulse amplitude basis for selecting is：
Charging pulse amplitude：Ichar=f (SOH, Vp/Req-char)；
Discharge pulse amplitude：Idischar=f (SOH, Vp/Req-dischar)。
Further：Collection state-of-charge in step 2 is the side combined with Kalman filtering by ampere-hour integration method The SOC that method is obtained0, and the battery charge state in step 10, it is by SOC1=SOC0- Δ SOC is obtained, whereinIn formula, t is the time that battery temperature is consumed in constant interval from T to T1.
Further：During battery low-temperature heat, the frequency of charge and discharge electric pulse is constant, and its span is 10Hz～1000Hz；Charging pulse amplitude and discharge pulse amplitude are continually changing, i.e., battery temperature often rises n DEG C, control Unit recalculates charging pulse amplitude and discharge pulse amplitude；Wherein, the span of n is 1～3.
The effect that reached of the present invention is：
By applying alternating pulsing current to battery, the heat produced using the internal resistance of cell carries out inside to battery to the present invention The internal resistance of cell is divided into internal charging resistance and electric discharge internal resistance, in heating process with a certain constant polarizing voltage by heating with refining For restrictive condition, impact of the cell health state to battery performance is taken into full account, battery low-temperature heat pulse amplitude is made in heating During change with the change of the internal resistance of cell, increased battery low-temperature heat pulse amplitude choose and control accuracy, The impact that battery polarization is acted on to battery aging is controlled, in smaller range, effectively to inhibit the heating process of battery to battery The impact of aging.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of battery heating means based on cell health state of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
For clarity and conciseness, all features of actual embodiment are not described in the description.However, should Understand, many decisions specific to embodiment must be made during any this practical embodiments are developed, so as to reality The objectives of existing developer, for example, meet those related to system and business restrictive condition, and these restrictive conditions May change with the different of embodiment.Additionally, it also should be appreciated that, although development is likely to be very multiple It is miscellaneous and time-consuming, but for the those skilled in the art for having benefited from the disclosure of invention, this development is only example Capable task.
Here, in addition it is also necessary to which explanation is a little, in order to avoid the present invention has been obscured because of unnecessary details, to apply for text The apparatus structure closely related with scheme of the invention and/or process step are illustrate only in part, and is eliminated and this The little other details of inventive relationship.
A kind of battery heating means based on cell health state of the present embodiment, comprise the following steps：
Step one, determines the current health status of battery, execution step two；
Step 2, gathers the information of battery charge state and battery temperature, execution step three；
Step 3, judges battery temperature T whether less than lowest temperature, if execution step four, otherwise execution step 11；
Step 4, according to battery temperature T and state-of-charge, inquires about corresponding internal charging resistance in the table of comparisons for pre-establishing With electric discharge internal resistance, execution step five；
Step 5, according to cell health state, charge and discharge internal resistance, according to battery low-temperature heat pulse amplitude basis for selecting, Charging pulse amplitude and discharge pulse amplitude, execution step six are calculated respectively；
Step 6, according to the charging pulse amplitude and discharge pulse amplitude that calculate, and pulse frequency set in advance, Charge and discharge electric pulse is applied to battery, the heat produced using the internal resistance of cell carries out internal heating, execution step seven to battery；
Step 7, battery temperature are detected and are designated as T1, execution step eight；
Step 8, judges whether battery temperature rises n DEG C, i.e. T1- T whether >=n；If execution step nine, otherwise holds Row step 6；
Step 9, judges whether battery temperature reaches target temperature, i.e. T1Whether >=target temperature；If execution step ten One, otherwise execution step ten；
Step 10, calculating battery temperature is from T to T1Battery charge state knots modification in constant interval, regains battery State-of-charge, and make battery temperature T=T1, execution step four；
Step 11, stop pulse current charge-discharge electricity are heated to battery, and electric automobile normally runs, execution step one.
Further：In step one, control unit determines the health status of battery, eight shadows by eight influence factors The factor of sound is respectively：Accumulated cycles N；It is accumulative to use duration t；Accumulative ampere-hour handling capacity Q；Internal resistance of cell R；Actual capacity C； Capacity increment value | Δ Q/ Δ V |aver；The magnitude of voltage V of cell voltage plateau under standard discharge condition；It is permanent under standard charging state Stream is filled with electricity and is filled with the ratio Q of electricity with constant pressureCC/QCV；Wherein, when charge and discharge cycles were more than 3 minutes, circulation time Number can just be added up.
Although disclosed embodiment is as above, its content is only to facilitate understand the technical side of the present invention Case and the embodiment that adopts, are not intended to limit the present invention.Technical staff in any the technical field of the invention, not On the premise of departing from disclosed core technology scheme, any modification can be made in the form and details implemented and is become Change, but the protection domain limited by the present invention, still must be defined by the scope of appending claims restriction.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of battery heating means based on cell health state, it is characterised in that：Concretely comprise the following steps：
Step one, determines the current health status of battery, execution step two；
Step 2, gathers the information of battery charge state and battery temperature, execution step three；
Step 3, judges battery temperature T whether less than lowest temperature, if execution step four, otherwise execution step 11；
Step 4, according to battery temperature T and state-of-charge, inquires about corresponding internal charging resistance in the table of comparisons for pre-establishing and puts Electric internal resistance, execution step five；
Step 5, according to cell health state, charge and discharge internal resistance, according to battery low-temperature heat pulse amplitude basis for selecting, difference Calculate charging pulse amplitude and discharge pulse amplitude, execution step six；
Step 6, according to the charging pulse amplitude and discharge pulse amplitude that calculate, and pulse frequency set in advance, to electricity Pond applies charge and discharge electric pulse, and the heat produced using the internal resistance of cell carries out internal heating, execution step seven to battery；
Step 7, battery temperature are detected and are designated as T1, execution step eight；
Step 8, judges whether battery temperature rises n DEG C, i.e. T1- T whether >=n；If execution step nine, otherwise execution step Six；
Step 9, judges whether battery temperature reaches target temperature, i.e. T1Whether >=target temperature；If execution step 11, no Then execution step ten；
Step 10, calculating battery temperature is from T to T1Battery charge state knots modification in constant interval, regains battery charge State, and make battery temperature T=T1, execution step four；
Step 11, stop pulse current charge-discharge electricity are heated to battery, and electric automobile normally runs, execution step one.
2. a kind of battery heating means based on cell health state according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step one In, control unit determines the health status of battery by eight influence factors, and eight influence factors are respectively：Accumulative circulation time Number N；It is accumulative to use duration t；Accumulative ampere-hour handling capacity Q；Internal resistance of cell R；Actual capacity C；Capacity increment value | △ Q/ △ V |aver； The magnitude of voltage V of cell voltage plateau under standard discharge condition；Constant current under standard charging state is filled with electricity and is filled with electricity with constant pressure The ratio Q of amountCC/QCV；Wherein, when charge and discharge cycles were more than 3 minutes, cycle-index can just be added up.
3. a kind of battery heating means based on cell health state according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described eight The computing formula of individual influence factor is respectively：
Wherein NrFor specified accumulated cycles；
Wherein trFor specified accumulative use duration；
Wherein QrFor specified accumulative ampere-hour handling capacity；
Wherein R0With RfIt is to refer to internal resistance；
Wherein CrFor rated capacity；
Wherein Z0With ZfIt is with reference to capacity increment value；
Wherein V0With VfIt is with reference to platform voltage value；
Wherein G0And GfFor reference value.
4. a kind of battery heating means based on cell health state according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Each Influence factor has corresponding weight θi, the expression formula of final cell health state is：
SOH=θ1SOH1+θ2SOH2+θ3SOH3+θ4SOH4+θ5SOH5+θ6SOH6+θ7SOH7+θ8SOH8。
5. a kind of battery heating means based on cell health state according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Each Influence factor has corresponding weight θiAnd meet following expression formula：
θ1+θ2+θ3+θ4+θ5+θ6+θ7+θ8=1；
θ1:θ2:θ3:θ4:θ5:θ6:θ7:θ8=1:1:2:1:2:1:1:1.
6. a kind of battery heating means based on cell health state according to claim 3,4 or 5, it is characterised in that： Determine eight influence factors of cell health state, before every primary cell low-temperature heat, control unit is to SOH1～SOH4Value brush Newly once；Every Y days, control unit was to SOH5～SOH8Value refresh once；Wherein the span of Y is 20～40.
7. a kind of battery heating means based on cell health state according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：By battery Internal resistance is divided into internal charging resistance and electric discharge internal resistance, in the internal charging resistance and electric discharge when measuring different battery temperatures and state-of-charge in advance Hinder and store in discharge and recharge internal resistance inquiry table in a control unit, be easy in heating process real-time detection and calculate respectively Charging pulse amplitude I when battery difference battery temperature and state-of-chargecharWith discharge pulse amplitude Idischar。
8. a kind of battery heating means based on cell health state according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Set certain One constant polarizing voltage value Vp, polarizing voltage value VpSpan be 0.1～0.4V, due to cell resistance ReqWith battery temperature Change with the change of state-of-charge, according to I=Vp/Req, and consider impact of the cell health state to battery performance, final electricity Low-temperature heat pulse amplitude basis for selecting in pond is：
Charging pulse amplitude：Ichar=f (SOH, Vp/Req-char)；
Discharge pulse amplitude：Idischar=f (SOH, Vp/Req-dischar)。
9. a kind of battery heating means based on cell health state according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 2 In collection state-of-charge be SOC that the method combined with Kalman filtering by ampere-hour integration method is obtained0, and in step 10 Battery charge state, be by SOC1=SOC0- △ SOC are obtained, wherein：Battery charge state knots modificationIn formula, t is the time that battery temperature is consumed in constant interval from T to T1.
10. a kind of battery heating means based on cell health state according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In electricity During the low-temperature heat of pond, the frequency of charge and discharge electric pulse is constant, and its span is 10Hz～1000Hz；Charging pulse width Value and discharge pulse amplitude are continually changing, i.e., battery temperature often rises n DEG C, and control unit recalculates charging pulse amplitude With discharge pulse amplitude；Wherein, the span of n is 1～3.
CN201610991417.8A 2016-11-08 2016-11-08 A kind of battery heating means based on cell health state Expired - Fee Related CN106532187B (en)

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