CN109751793B - Photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for desert camping house and working method thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for desert camping house and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109751793B CN109751793B CN201910134855.6A CN201910134855A CN109751793B CN 109751793 B CN109751793 B CN 109751793B CN 201910134855 A CN201910134855 A CN 201910134855A CN 109751793 B CN109751793 B CN 109751793B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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Abstract
A photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for desert camping houses and a working method thereof belong to the technical field of solar energy utilization, heating and air conditioning. The invention consists of a semiconductor cooling and heating unit, an automatic control system and a photovoltaic power generation system. The semiconductor heat and cold supply unit mainly supplies heat and cold to the indoor by taking radiation heat exchange of the heat dissipation plate, and the current direction is changed to switch the cold and heat supply mode; the automatic control system automatically adjusts the heating quantity and the refrigerating quantity of the semiconductor cooling and heating unit by using a temperature sensor, a singlechip and a current regulator; the photovoltaic power generation system provides power for the semiconductor cooling and heating unit and the automatic control system. The invention fully utilizes abundant solar energy resources in desert areas, has the functions of cooling and heating, is convenient for ash removal, is flexible to assemble and disassemble, is suitable for moving, has simple and convenient cold and hot mode switching and automatic operation adjustment, and has good application prospect in camping houses in areas such as deserts, gobi, mines and the like with severe natural conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for a desert camping house and a working method thereof, belonging to the technical field of solar energy utilization, heating and air conditioning.
Technical Field
The camping house is an accommodation, living and office facility which is indispensable for field production operation teams, is widely applied to various occasions such as oil fields, mining areas, electric power construction and the like, and is often used under complex terrains such as deserts, gobi, mines and the like and severe climatic conditions. The Western China, especially the Takara dry desert area, is a key area for petroleum development and geological exploration development, and the area has the climatic characteristics of cold in winter and hot in summer, rapid temperature change, rare precipitation, severe sand wind, high air dust content and very rich solar energy resources. Under the climate condition, the heating and cooling of the camping house are necessary measures for ensuring the normal life and work of first-line workers, and have unique technical requirements.
At present, the technical measures for heating and cooling the desert camping house are generally characterized in that: in order to adapt to the characteristics of dispersed arrangement and frequent relocation of camping houses, a dispersed heating and cooling mode is generally adopted; the heating and cooling equipment is arranged independently, a radiator is used for heating in winter, and a split air conditioner is used for cooling or cooling by a fan in summer; the condenser of the split air conditioner arranged outdoors is easy to accumulate sand and dust, and the evaporator and the radiator arranged indoors are easy to accumulate dust, so that the working efficiency of the equipment is easy to be reduced or even damaged, and therefore, the device with the sand and dust prevention function is adopted; the energy sources of heating and air conditioning equipment are generally provided by electric power, natural gas or steam, and the used electric energy is generally produced by a self-contained power station or a generator, and consumes conventional fossil energy sources such as natural gas, diesel oil and the like.
To sum up, although the prior art can solve the heating and cooling problems of camping houses in desert areas to a certain extent, the following problems still need to be solved: (1) The desert area has excellent conditions for solar energy utilization, but at present, most of the heating and cooling systems which use conventional energy sources for heating and cooling and fully utilize local abundant solar energy resources need to be developed; (2) The dustproof device not only reduces the working efficiency of equipment, but also increases the workload of maintaining and cleaning sand and dust, and avoids dust accumulation and high-efficiency ash removal measures to be improved; (3) The radiator and the air conditioner occupy more camping room space, and the integrated equipment with the functions of heating and cooling is to be developed; (4) In order to meet the requirement of frequent movement of camping houses, the portability of a heating and cooling system needs to be improved; (5) The control degree of the heating and cooling system of the camping house needs to be improved, and functions of automatic temperature adjustment, automatic control and the like need to be enhanced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and the shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a photovoltaic semiconductor heating and cooling system for camping houses in desert areas and a working method thereof based on the principles of solar photovoltaic power generation, semiconductor refrigeration and heating, automatic control and the like.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for desert camping houses comprises a semiconductor cooling and heating unit, a photovoltaic power generation system and an automatic control system; the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit comprises a semiconductor sheet, an indoor side radiating plate, an outdoor side radiating plate, a water pipe, a heat preservation layer and a shell; the semiconductor chip comprises an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor, and after the heat conduction silicone grease is smeared at the two ends of the semiconductor chip, the semiconductor chip is respectively connected with the indoor side heat dissipation plate and the outdoor side heat dissipation plate; filling a heat preservation layer in a gap between the indoor side heat dissipation plate and the outdoor side heat dissipation plate; the indoor side radiating plate is of a flat plate structure with a smooth surface; the outdoor side radiating plate is of a water cooling radiating plate structure, and the water pipe is in closed connection with the heat exchanger in the living water tank; a heat insulation material is filled between the outdoor side heat dissipation plate and the shell; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a solar panel, a photovoltaic controller, a storage battery, a lead, a current reversing switch and a semiconductor power switch; the solar panel is electrically connected with the photovoltaic controller through a wire; the photovoltaic controller is electrically connected with the storage battery and is also electrically connected with the current regulator through the current reversing switch; the current reversing switch is electrically connected with the semiconductor piece through the semiconductor power switch; the automatic control system comprises an indoor air temperature sensor, an indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor, an outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor, a singlechip module, a current regulator and an LED display screen; the output ends of the indoor air temperature sensor, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor are connected with the singlechip module; the singlechip module is connected with the current regulator; the indoor air temperature sensor, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor monitor the indoor air temperature, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature in real time and transmit the indoor air temperature, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature to the singlechip module, and the singlechip module analyzes according to the difference value between the indoor air temperature and the set indoor air temperature and transmits an analysis decision signal to the current regulator to regulate the current, so that the refrigerating capacity and the heating capacity are regulated; the LED display screen is connected with the singlechip module and displays the current indoor air temperature, the indoor side cooling plate surface temperature and the outdoor side cooling plate surface temperature value.
The working method of the photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for the desert camping house comprises the following steps:
(a) When the room needs to be cooled, the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit is adjusted to a refrigeration mode through the current reversing switch, so that the cold end of the semiconductor piece faces indoors. The photovoltaic power generation system adjusts a power supply mode according to the sufficiency of the generated electric energy; when the solar energy is sufficient, direct current generated by the solar panel directly supplies power to the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit, and the surplus electric quantity is stored in the storage battery; when the solar energy is insufficient, the solar panel and the storage battery are combined or the storage battery is used for supplying power. The semiconductor power switch is turned on, the semiconductor sheet starts to be electrified, cold energy is transmitted to the indoor side radiating plate by the cold end of the semiconductor sheet to supply cold to the indoor side, the surface temperature of the indoor side radiating plate is not lower than the dew point temperature of indoor air, and the average temperature lower limit value of the radiation cold supply surface is met; the outdoor side radiating plate connected with the hot end of the semiconductor chip heats, circulating cooling water in the water pipe is used for radiating heat of the outdoor side radiating plate, the cooling water in the water pipe absorbs heat of the outdoor side radiating plate and then is conveyed to the heat exchanger in the water tank, and water in the water tank is heated to provide bathing hot water; the indoor air temperature sensor, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor transmit the indoor air temperature value, the indoor side radiating plate wall temperature value and the outdoor side radiating plate wall temperature value which are monitored in real time to the singlechip module, and the singlechip module enables the current regulator to change the working current according to the difference between the indoor air temperature and the set indoor air temperature, so that the heating capacity of the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit is regulated; meanwhile, a green light on the LED screen is turned on to indicate that the semiconductor cooling and heating unit is in a working state; the LED screen displays the indoor air temperature value, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature value, the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature value and the electric quantity of the storage battery; when the room does not need to be cooled, the semiconductor power switch is turned off.
(b) When the room needs to be heated, firstly, the refrigerating mode is converted into a heating mode, the semiconductor power switch is turned off, and the room is started after the temperatures of the indoor side radiating plate and the outdoor side radiating plate are recovered to the room temperature; the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit is modulated to a heating mode through the current reversing switch, namely, the current direction flowing through the semiconductor piece is changed, so that the hot end of the semiconductor piece faces indoors. The photovoltaic power generation system adjusts a power supply mode according to the sufficiency of the generated electric energy; when the solar energy is sufficient, direct current generated by the solar panel directly supplies power to the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit, and the surplus electric quantity is stored in the storage battery; when the solar energy is insufficient, the solar panel and the storage battery are combined or the storage battery is used for supplying power. The semiconductor power switch is turned on, the semiconductor piece is electrified to work, the heat end of the semiconductor piece conducts heat to the indoor side radiating plate to supply heat indoors, and the surface temperature of the indoor side radiating plate is not higher than 70 ℃; the temperature of the outdoor side radiating plate connected with the cold end of the semiconductor chip is reduced, and in order to prevent the outdoor side radiating plate from generating condensation, the surface temperature of the outdoor side radiating plate is kept not lower than the dew point temperature of indoor air, and cooling water in a water pipe is not circulated or discharged; the indoor air temperature sensor, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor transmit the indoor air temperature value, the indoor side radiating plate wall temperature value and the outdoor side radiating plate wall temperature value which are monitored in real time to the singlechip module, and the singlechip module enables the current regulator to change the working current according to the difference between the indoor air temperature and the set indoor air temperature, so that the heating capacity of the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit is regulated; meanwhile, a green light on the LED screen is turned on to indicate that the semiconductor cooling and heating unit 1 is in a working state, and the indoor air temperature value, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature value, the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature value and the electric quantity of the storage battery are displayed on the LED screen; when the room does not need to be heated, the power switch of the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit is turned off.
The invention has the following effects and benefits: (1) Abundant solar energy resources in the desert area are utilized to meet the electric power required by cold supply and heat supply, and fossil energy and operation cost are saved; (2) The semiconductor cooling and heating unit has two purposes of winter heating and summer cooling, has high heating and cooling speed, and is suitable for camping houses needing to rapidly process the room temperature to a set range; (3) The summer cooling mode can recover heat through the outdoor side water-cooling radiating plate and provide domestic bathing hot water; (4) The semiconductor cooling and heating unit is not easy to accumulate dust and convenient for ash removal, and supplies cold and heat to the room by radiation heat exchange, so that indoor dust emission caused by convection heat exchange or ventilation is avoided, and indoor sanitary conditions and human body thermal comfort are improved; (5) The semiconductor cooling and heating unit has compact structure, small volume, light weight, easy disassembly and assembly, convenient movement, no mechanical moving parts, small loss and low maintenance cost; (6) The automatic control is convenient, the temperature control can be realized through the adjustment of the current, and the safe operation of the system is ensured.
In a word, the photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system and the working method thereof provided by the invention have wide application space and prospect in desert camping houses, mines, gobi and other areas with severe natural conditions.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for a desert camping house.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the main components of the semiconductor cooling and heating unit.
Fig. 3 is a structural cross-sectional view of the semiconductor cooling and heating unit.
Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a control system of a photovoltaic semiconductor heat and cold supply system for desert camping houses.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic semiconductor heat and cold supply system for desert camping houses.
In the figure: 1. 1.1 parts of semiconductor cooling and heating units, 1.2 parts of semiconductor sheets, 1.3 parts of indoor side radiating plates, 1.3 parts of outdoor side radiating plates, 1.4 parts of water pipes, 1.5 parts of heat preservation layers, 1.6 parts of shells, 1.7 parts of water tanks, 2 parts of photovoltaic power generation systems, 2.1 parts of solar panels, 2.2 parts of photovoltaic controllers, 2.3 parts of storage batteries, 2.4 parts of wires, 2.5 parts of current reversing switches, 2.6 parts of semiconductor power supply switches, 3 parts of automatic control systems, 3.1 parts of indoor air temperature sensors, 3.2 parts of indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensors, 3.3 parts of outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensors, 3.4 parts of single-chip microcomputer modules, 3.5 parts of current regulators, 3.6 parts of LED display screens.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-4, the photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for the desert camping house comprises a semiconductor cooling and heating unit 1, a photovoltaic power generation system 2 and an automatic control system 3. The semiconductor heat and cold supply unit 1 comprises a semiconductor chip 1.1, an indoor side radiating plate 1.2, an outdoor side radiating plate 1.3, a water pipe 1.4, a heat preservation layer 1.5 and a shell 1.6; the semiconductor chip 1.1 consists of an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor, and after heat conduction silicone grease is smeared at two ends of the semiconductor chip 1.1, the semiconductor chip is respectively connected with the indoor side heat dissipation plate 1.2 and the outdoor side heat dissipation plate 1.3; the indoor side radiating plate 1.2 and the outdoor side radiating plate 1.3 are made of aluminum, aluminum alloy, galvanized steel sheet or ceramic materials with good heat conduction performance and corrosion resistance; the heat insulation layer 1.5 is filled in the gap between the indoor side heat radiation plate 1.2 and the outdoor side heat radiation plate 1.3 to block the heat transfer from the hot end to the cold end; the indoor side heat dissipation plate 1.2 is of a flat plate structure with a smooth surface, and exchanges heat with indoor air and other wall surfaces of a room mainly in a radiation mode; the outdoor side heat dissipation plate 1.3 is of a water-cooling heat dissipation plate structure, and the water pipe 1.4 is in closed connection with the heat exchanger in the water tank 1.7; a heat insulation material is filled between the outdoor side heat dissipation plate 1.3 and the shell 1.6; the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit 1 is subjected to sealing treatment, and the material of the shell 1.6 is required to be light, firm and smooth in surface; the photovoltaic power generation system 2 comprises a solar panel 2.1, a photovoltaic controller 2.2 (model is SD 1230), a storage battery 2.3, a lead 2.4, a current reversing switch 2.5 and a semiconductor power switch 2.6; the solar panel 2.1 is electrically connected with the photovoltaic controller 2.2 through a lead 2.4; the photovoltaic controller 2.2 is electrically connected with the storage battery 2.3, and the photovoltaic controller 2.2 is also electrically connected with the current regulator 3.5 (model RM 00-V1) through the current reversing switch 2.5; the current reversing switch 2.5 is electrically connected with the semiconductor sheet 1.1 through the semiconductor power switch 2.6, and the photovoltaic power generation system 2 is also electrically connected with the indoor air temperature sensor 3.1, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.2, the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.3, the singlechip module 3.4 (model is MSP 430) and the LED display screen 3.6. The automatic control system 3 comprises an indoor air temperature sensor 3.1, an indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.2, an outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.3, a singlechip module 3.4, a current regulator 3.5 and an LED display screen 3.6; the output ends of the indoor air temperature sensor 3.1, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.2 and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.3 are connected with the singlechip module 3.4; the singlechip module 3.4 is connected with the current regulator 3.5; the indoor air temperature sensor 3.1, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.2 and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.3 monitor the indoor air temperature, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature value in real time and transmit the values to the singlechip module 3.4, and the singlechip module 3.4 analyzes according to the difference value between the indoor air temperature and the set indoor air temperature and transmits an analysis decision signal to the current regulator 3.5 to regulate the current, so that the refrigerating capacity and the heating capacity are regulated; the LED display screen 3.6 is connected with the singlechip module 3.4, and the LED display screen 3.6 displays the current indoor air temperature, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature value.
As shown in fig. 5, the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit 1 can be hung on a wall or hung on a ceiling, a plurality of semiconductor heat and cold supply units 1 can be combined in parallel according to the room load demand, the solar panel 2 is laid on the roof, and the current reversing switch 2.5 and the semiconductor power switch 2.6 are arranged at easy operation places.
Example 1
When the room needs to be cooled, the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit 1 is adjusted to a refrigeration mode through the current reversing switch 2.5, so that the cold end of the semiconductor chip 1.1 faces the room. The photovoltaic power generation system 2 adjusts the power supply mode according to the sufficiency of the generated electric energy; when the solar energy is sufficient, direct current generated by the solar panel 2.1 directly supplies power to the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit 1, and the surplus electric quantity is stored in the storage battery 2.3; when the solar energy is insufficient, the solar panel 2.1 and the storage battery 2.3 are combined to supply power or the storage battery 2.3 supplies power. The semiconductor power switch 2.6 is turned on, the semiconductor chip 1.1 starts to be electrified, cold energy is transmitted to the indoor side radiating plate 1.2 by the cold end of the semiconductor chip 1.1 to supply cold to the indoor, the surface temperature of the indoor side radiating plate 1.2 is not lower than the dew point temperature of indoor air, and the lower limit value of the average temperature of the radiation cold supply surface is met; the outdoor side heat dissipation plate 1.3 connected with the hot end of the semiconductor chip 1.1 is heated, circulating cooling water in the water pipe 1.4 is used for dissipating heat of the outdoor side heat dissipation plate 1.3, cooling water in the water pipe 1.4 absorbs heat of the outdoor side heat dissipation plate 1.3 and then is conveyed to the heat exchanger in the water tank 1.7, and water in the water tank 1.7 is heated to provide bathing hot water; the indoor air temperature sensor 3.1, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.2 and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.3 transmit indoor air temperature values, indoor side radiating plate wall temperature values and outdoor side radiating plate wall temperature values which are monitored in real time to the singlechip module 3.4 (model is MSP 430), and the singlechip module 3.4 enables the current regulator 3.5 (model is RM 00-V1) to change the working current according to the difference between the indoor air temperature and the set indoor air temperature, so as to regulate the refrigerating capacity of the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit 1; meanwhile, a green light on the LED screen 3.6 is turned on, which indicates that the semiconductor cooling and heating unit 1 is in a working state; the LED screen 3.6 displays the indoor air temperature value, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature value, the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature value and the electric quantity of the storage battery; when the room does not need to be cooled, the semiconductor power switch 2.6 is turned off.
Example 2
When the cooling mode is switched to the heating mode, the semiconductor power switch 2.6 must be turned off first, and the temperature of the indoor side heat dissipation plate 1.2 and the outdoor side heat dissipation plate 1.3 is waited for to return to the room temperature and then started; the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit 1 is modulated to a heating mode through the current reversing switch 2.5, namely, the current flowing through the semiconductor chip 1.1 is changed in direction, so that the hot end of the semiconductor chip 1.1 faces indoors. The photovoltaic power generation system 2 adjusts the power supply mode according to the sufficiency of the generated electric energy; when the solar energy is sufficient, direct current generated by the solar panel 2.1 directly supplies power to the semiconductor heat and cold supply unit 1, and the surplus electric quantity is stored in the storage battery 2.3; when the solar energy is insufficient, the solar panel 2.1 and the storage battery 2.3 are combined to supply power or the storage battery 2.3 supplies power. The semiconductor power switch 2.6 is turned on, the semiconductor piece 1.1 is electrified to work, the hot end of the semiconductor piece 1.1 conducts heat to the indoor side radiating plate 1.2 to supply heat to the indoor, and the surface temperature of the indoor side radiating plate 1.2 is not higher than 70 ℃; the temperature of the outdoor side heat dissipation plate 1.3 connected with the cold end of the semiconductor chip 1.1 is reduced, in order to prevent the outdoor side heat dissipation plate 1.3 from generating dew condensation, the surface temperature of the outdoor side heat dissipation plate 1.3 is kept not lower than the dew point temperature of indoor air, and cooling water in the water pipe 1.4 is not circulated or discharged; the indoor air temperature sensor 3.1, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.2 and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.3 transmit indoor air temperature values, indoor side radiating plate wall temperature values and outdoor side radiating plate wall temperature values which are monitored in real time to the singlechip module 3.4 (model is MSP 430), and the singlechip module 3.4 enables the current regulator 3.5 (model is RM 00-V1) to change the magnitude of working current according to the magnitude of the difference between the indoor air temperature and the set indoor air temperature, so as to regulate the heating capacity of the semiconductor heating and cooling unit 1; meanwhile, a green light on the LED screen 3.6 is turned on to indicate that the semiconductor cooling and heating unit 1 is in a working state, and an indoor air temperature value, an indoor side radiating plate surface temperature value, an outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature value and the electric quantity of the storage battery are displayed on the LED screen 3.6; when the room does not need to be heated, the semiconductor power switch 2.6 is turned off.
One of the technical characteristics of the invention is as follows: the photovoltaic power generation system is utilized to provide the needed electric power for the semiconductor cooling and heating unit and the automatic control system, so that petrochemical energy and running cost are saved; the second technical feature of the invention is: the semiconductor cooling and heating unit based on the semiconductor cooling and heating principle has the purposes of winter heating and summer cooling, and utilizes the water-cooling radiating plate to provide hot bath water in summer, and the semiconductor cooling and heating unit can realize the switching of cooling and heating modes by changing the current direction, so that the operation is simple and convenient, and the heating and cooling speed is high; the third technical feature of the invention is: the semiconductor cooling and heating unit is not easy to accumulate dust and convenient for ash removal, and supplies cold and heat to the room by radiation heat exchange, so that indoor dust emission caused by convection heat exchange or ventilation is avoided, and indoor sanitary conditions and human body thermal comfort are improved; the invention has the technical characteristics that: the photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system monitors and prompts the temperature by using technologies such as a sensor, an LED screen display and the like, and can realize temperature control through current regulation; the invention has the technical characteristics that: the photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system can replace heating equipment and a split air conditioner to be installed in a camping house, the structure of the camping house is not required to be changed, the space occupied by the equipment is saved, and the moving is convenient.
Claims (1)
1. A working method of a photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for a desert camping house is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the system comprises a semiconductor cooling and heating unit (1), a photovoltaic power generation system (2) and an automatic control system (3); the semiconductor cooling and heating unit (1) comprises a semiconductor sheet (1.1), an indoor side radiating plate (1.2), an outdoor side radiating plate (1.3), a water pipe (1.4), a heat preservation layer (1.5) and a shell (1.6); the semiconductor chip (1.1) comprises an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor, and after the heat conduction silicone grease is smeared at the two ends of the semiconductor chip (1.1), the semiconductor chip is respectively connected with the indoor side radiating plate (1.2) and the outdoor side radiating plate (1.3); a heat preservation layer (1.5) is filled in a gap between the indoor side heat dissipation plate (1.2) and the outdoor side heat dissipation plate (1.3); the indoor side radiating plate (1.2) is of a flat plate structure with a smooth surface; the outdoor side radiating plate (1.3) is of a water cooling radiating plate structure, and a water pipe is connected with a heat exchanger in the living water tank (1.7) in a closed mode; a heat insulation material is filled between the outdoor side heat dissipation plate (1.3) and the shell (1.6);
the photovoltaic power generation system (2) comprises a solar panel (2.1), a photovoltaic controller (2.2), a storage battery (2.3), a lead (2.4), a current reversing switch (2.5) and a semiconductor power switch (2.6); the solar panel (2.1) is electrically connected with the photovoltaic controller (2.2) through a lead (2.4); the photovoltaic controller (2.2) is electrically connected with the storage battery (2.3), and the photovoltaic controller (2.2) is also electrically connected with the current regulator (3.5) through the current reversing switch (2.5); the current reversing switch (2.5) is electrically connected with the semiconductor piece (1.1) through the semiconductor power switch (2.6);
the automatic control system (3) comprises an indoor air temperature sensor (3.1), an indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor (3.2), an outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor (3.3), a singlechip module (3.4), a current regulator (3.5) and an LED display screen (3.6); the output ends of the indoor air temperature sensor (3.1), the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor (3.2) and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor (3.3) are connected with the singlechip module (3.4); the singlechip module (3.4) is connected with the current regulator (3.5); the indoor air temperature sensor (3.1), the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor (3.2) and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor (3.3) monitor the indoor air temperature, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature value in real time and transmit the values to the singlechip module (3.4), and the singlechip module (3.4) analyzes according to the difference value between the indoor air temperature and the set indoor air temperature and transmits an analysis decision signal to the current regulator (3.5) to regulate the current, so that the refrigerating capacity and the heating capacity are regulated; the LED display screen (3.6) is connected with the singlechip module (3.4), and the LED display screen (3.6) displays the current indoor air temperature, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature value;
the working method comprises the following steps:
(a) When the room needs to be cooled, the semiconductor cooling and heating unit (1) is adjusted to a cooling mode through the current reversing switch (2.5), so that the cold end of the semiconductor piece (1.1) faces indoors; the photovoltaic power generation system (2) adjusts a power supply mode according to the sufficiency of the generated electric energy; when the solar energy is sufficient, direct current generated by the solar panel (2.1) directly supplies power to the semiconductor cooling and heating unit (1), and the surplus electric quantity is stored in the storage battery (2.3); when the solar energy is insufficient, the solar panel (2.1) and the storage battery (2.3) are used for supplying power jointly or the storage battery (2.3) is used for supplying power; the semiconductor power switch (2.6) is turned on, the semiconductor piece (1.1) starts to be electrified, cold energy is transmitted to the indoor side radiating plate (1.2) by the cold end of the semiconductor piece (1.1) to supply cold to the indoor side, the surface temperature of the indoor side radiating plate (1.2) is not lower than the dew point temperature of indoor air, and the average temperature lower limit value of the radiation cold supply surface is met; an outdoor side radiating plate (1.3) connected with the hot end of the semiconductor wafer (1.1) is heated, circulating cooling water in a water pipe is used for radiating heat of the outdoor side radiating plate (1.3), the cooling water in the water pipe absorbs heat of the outdoor side radiating plate (1.3) and then is conveyed to a heat exchanger in a water tank (1.7), and water in the water tank (1.7) is heated to provide bathing hot water; the indoor air temperature sensor (3.1), the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor (3.2) and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor (3.3) transmit the indoor air temperature value, the indoor side radiating plate wall surface temperature value and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature value which are monitored in real time to the singlechip module (3.4), and the singlechip module (3.4) enables the current regulator (3.5) to change the working current according to the difference between the indoor air temperature and the set indoor air temperature, so that the heating quantity of the semiconductor cooling and heating unit (1) is regulated; meanwhile, a green light on the LED screen is turned on to indicate that the semiconductor cooling and heating unit (1) is in a working state; the LED screen displays the indoor air temperature value, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature value, the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature value and the electric quantity of the storage battery; when the room does not need to be cooled, the semiconductor power switch (2.6) is turned off;
(b) When a room needs to be heated, firstly, a refrigerating mode is converted into a heating mode, a semiconductor power switch (2.6) is turned off, and the room is started after the temperatures of an indoor side radiating plate (1.2) and an outdoor side radiating plate (1.3) are recovered to the room temperature; the semiconductor cooling and heating unit (1) is modulated to a heating mode through the current reversing switch (2.5), namely the current direction flowing through the semiconductor piece (1.1) is changed, so that the hot end of the semiconductor piece (1.1) faces indoors; the photovoltaic power generation system (2) adjusts a power supply mode according to the sufficiency of the generated electric energy; when the solar energy is sufficient, direct current generated by the solar panel (2.1) directly supplies power to the semiconductor cooling and heating unit (1), and the surplus electric quantity is stored in the storage battery (2.3); when the solar energy is insufficient, the solar panel (2.1) and the storage battery (2.3) are used for supplying power jointly or the storage battery (2.3) is used for supplying power; the semiconductor power switch (2.6) is turned on, the semiconductor piece (1.1) is electrified to work, the hot end of the semiconductor piece (1.1) conducts heat to the indoor side radiating plate (1.2) to supply heat to the indoor, and the surface temperature of the indoor side radiating plate is not more than 70 ℃; the temperature of an outdoor side radiating plate (1.3) connected with the cold end of the semiconductor piece (1.1) is reduced, and in order to prevent dew condensation of the outdoor side radiating plate (1.3), the surface temperature of the outdoor side radiating plate is kept not lower than the dew point temperature of indoor air, and cooling water in a water pipe is not circulated or discharged; the indoor air temperature sensor (3.1), the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor (3.2) and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor (3.3) transmit the indoor air temperature value, the indoor side radiating plate wall surface temperature value and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature value which are monitored in real time to the singlechip module (3.4), and the singlechip module (3.4) enables the current regulator (3.5) to change the working current according to the difference between the indoor air temperature and the set indoor air temperature, so that the heating quantity of the semiconductor cooling and heating unit (1) is regulated; meanwhile, a green light on the LED screen is turned on to indicate that the semiconductor cooling and heating unit (1) is in a working state, and the indoor air temperature value, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature value, the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature value and the electric quantity of the storage battery are displayed on the LED screen; when the room does not need to be heated, the semiconductor power switch (2.6) is turned off.
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