CN109729637A - A kind of D-D neutron tube target and preparation process - Google Patents
A kind of D-D neutron tube target and preparation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN109729637A CN109729637A CN201910163321.6A CN201910163321A CN109729637A CN 109729637 A CN109729637 A CN 109729637A CN 201910163321 A CN201910163321 A CN 201910163321A CN 109729637 A CN109729637 A CN 109729637A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of D-D neutron tube target and preparation processes, comprising the following steps: and first, deuterated acetylene is prepared, selects calcium carbide to react with heavy water and produces deuterated acetylene, second, deuterium is prepared, electrolysis heavy water is taken to produce deuterium.Third prepares deuterated polyethylene, and selecting catalyst is catalyzed deuterated acetylene and deuterium is added to react, and reaction is made to rest on the stage of production ethylene-d.Initiator is added, makes ethylene-d that polymerization reaction occur and produces deuterated polyethylene.4th, deuterated polyethylene target membrane is prepared, prepares deuterated polyethylene target membrane with solution-evaporation.For the present invention by selecting suitable neutron tube target material, i.e., deuterated polyethylene target membrane improves hydride atoms ratio, solves some metallic hydrogen atomic ratios height but stopping power is high, lead to the reduction of overall neutron yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to deuteron target preparation fields, and in particular to a kind of preparation suitable for neutron tube, accelerator for neutron production deuteron target.
Background technique
Neutron tube is widely used, and can be used for Nuclear Physics, neutronics, reactor physics, radiochemistry and radiation doctor
Etc. basic scientific researches, the experimental study of neutron measurement and protective materials, neutron irradiation biological effect and neutron medical diagnosis
Equal development tests work.Also industrial and agricultural production, such as neutron mine locating, neutron well logging, the feeding cicada of neutron irradiation, reaction be can be directly used for
Heap igniting can also carry out the Test And Research Works such as Neutron Moisture measurement and activation analysis.
Neutron tube is a kind of compact accelerator neutron source, it seals ion source, acceleration system, target, pressure regulation system
In a ceramic tube, a compact-sized electron tube is constituted.The neutron yield of neutron tube and service life are by target performance shadow
It rings.
In neutron tube actual motion, several factors will affect neutron yield.Under the bombardment of ion beam, target surface gradually shape
At oxide, oxide layer becomes larger and finer and close with beam intensity, and oxide layer is thicker, and neutron yield is lower.Ion energy is constantly heavy
Ablation occurs for product, target surface, leads to target heating release tritium gas, atomic ratio and neutron yield decline；In the line of ion source transmitting
There are foreign ions, and neutron yield can also be reduced by damaging target.Target membrane is used to store deuterium gas inside neutron tube, it is also to occur
The interface of deuterium deuteron reaction, the factors such as manufacture craft, material, thickness directly determine neutron tube yield and service life.Hydrogen is inhaled at present
Target membrane material has the elements such as titanium, zirconium, scandium, and titanium is the highest elemental metals material of suction hydrogen density found so far, uses titanium
Target processed is conducive to target membrane and adsorbs more tritium gas or deuterium, increases deuterium deuteron reaction probability, and then improve neutron yield, is in ideal
Sub- pipe target membrane material.Simple substance titanium makees neutron tube thin-film material and is inevitably present inherent shortcoming caused by material property, such as titanium
Plasticity, flexibility and tensile strength are greatly reduced after inhaling hydrogen, Hydrogen Brittleness Phenomena occur, or even generate a large amount of crackles in vivo, are influenced
It uses.The pure anti-sputtering performance of titanium target is undesirable, and the foreign ions such as C+, N+, O+ reduce hydrogen in the sticking probability of film surface, and influence
The intracorporal olefin hydrogen of film is not easy to meet the requirement of long-life, high yield.
Domestic and foreign scholars use the plating on titanium target film, such as palladium, nickel, titanium, prevent film oxidation and foreign ion dirty
Dye improves titanium film hydrogen-absorbing ability.Other metals are adulterated into titanium, can improve the performance of metal simple-substance, and there is good plasticity.
But there is also some defects, the atomic mass of palladium film is bigger, prevents ability stronger, energy loss is bigger, causes under neutron yield
Drop.
Summary of the invention
For defect existing for currently available technology, the invention proposes a kind of D-D neutron tube target and preparation process, selections
The material of suitable D-D neutron tube target, increases the amount containing deuterium of target membrane, increases reaction cross-section, improves neutron yield.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that implementation: providing a kind of D-D neutron tube target and preparation work
Skill, comprising the following steps:
(1) deuterated acetylene is prepared.
In step (1), selects calcium carbide to react with heavy water and produce deuterated acetylene, experimental provision uses wide-mouth bottle and liquid separation
Funnel.And impurity is removed using copper sulphate, deuterated acetylene is collected with downward air-discharging method.
(2) deuterium is prepared.
In step (2), electrolysis heavy water is taken to produce deuterium, electrolytic cell used is quartz glass production, and electrode is
Platinum production, and with the method separating-purifying deuterium of rectifying.
(3) deuterated polyethylene is prepared.
In step (3), selecting catalyst is catalyzed deuterated acetylene and deuterium is added to react, and reaction is made to rest on production ethylene-d
Stage, the catalyst be Metal Palladium and silver formed alloy catalyst be supported on carrier titanium dioxide.Initiator is added,
Make ethylene-d that polymerization reaction occur and produces deuterated polyethylene.
(4) deuterated polyethylene target membrane is prepared.
In step (4), deuterated polyethylene target membrane is prepared with solution-evaporation, the principle of the solution-evaporation is by deuterium
It is dissolved in dimethylbenzene, is then regrouped in very long evaporation process as deuterated polyethylene film for polyethylene.It will be deuterated
Polyethylene and dimethylbenzene are placed in beaker, then this beaker is heated to the boiling point of dimethylbenzene, and the boiling point of the dimethylbenzene is 140
Degree Celsius, heating instrument used is the heating furnace with blender.To dissolve deuterated polyethylene sufficiently, solution is kept boiling
Rise state 6 minutes.Further the xylene solution of boiling is poured on the sheet glass handled well, makes dimethylbenzene slow evaporation, shape
At deuterated polyethylene film.Further, the above-mentioned sheet glass with deuterated polyethylene film is put in an oven, makes deuterated polyethylene film
Sufficiently fusion.Further, being inserted into deionized water slowly by above-mentioned sheet glass, can obtain deuterated polyethylene target membrane.Most
Control afterwards deuterated polyethylene target membrane with a thickness of 0.23 μm.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention is by selecting suitable neutron tube target material, i.e., deuterated polyethylene converter
Film improves hydride atoms ratio, solves some metallic hydrogen atomic ratios height but stopping power is high, overall neutron yield is caused to drop
It is low, such as the hydrogen atom ratio of thorium can reach 3.75.And the titanium film stopping power of mixing metallic atom is small but hydrogen atom is than low.Neutron
Generation efficiency depends primarily on target stopping power and hydrogen atom ratio.The atomic mass of target membrane element is bigger, the prevention sheet of substance
Neck is higher, and energy loss is bigger.Deuterated polyethylene target membrane used in the present invention, the atomic number of carbon is small, and stopping power is small, anti-to splash
It is strong to penetrate ability, neutron yield is caused to increase, extends the service life of neutron tube.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is further described in detail below.
Applied to D-D neutron tube target membrane-deuterated polyethylene target membrane manufacturing process: firstly, anti-with heavy water using calcium carbide
Deuterated acetylene should be produced, because a large amount of heat is released in reaction, explosion is easy to happen, so being added dropwise dropwise using separatory funnel, can make
Reacting balance carries out.Acetylene generator wide-mouth bottle or flask and the diplopore plug group for being inserted with separatory funnel and right angle gas-guide tube
Several blocks of calcium carbides are put into flask at the air-tightness of check device is well rear, heavy water is added dropwise from separatory funnel and generates deuterated acetylene.
Flask mouth will put cotton, to prevent foam overflow, the sulfide and phosphide of a small amount of calcium are contained in calcium carbide, causes to contain in product
There are hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen phosphide etc., is cleaned using copper-bath, the tail gas method processing lighted, when collecting acetylene, with desulphurization acid
The method of copper solution is not suitable for air-discharging method and collects because acetylene and atmospheric density are close.
When preparing deuterium, using the method for electrolysis heavy water, electrolytic cell used is quartz glass production, and electrode is platinum
Gold production, the deuterium being electrolysed contains impurity such as H2, HD, because the boiling point of D2, HD, H2 three are not much different, with essence
The method separating-purifying deuterium evaporated.Then the addition reaction for using catalyst deuterated acetylene and deuterium, rests on reaction
The stage of ethylene-d is produced, catalyst used is that Metal Palladium and the silver-colored alloy catalyst formed are supported on carrier titanium dioxide
On, the degree that acetylene hydrogenation generates ethylene depends on three factors: metallic catalyst is to the hydrogenation activity of ethylene, and catalyst is to second
The degree of absorption and catalyst of alkene make the selectivity for adding hydrogen to rest on the ethylene stage.Palladium catalyst has very big activity and excellent
Selectivity, pass through addition metallic silver, optimize load type palladium metallic catalyst selection high active of hydrogenation catalysis, to reach raising second
The purpose of alkene selectivity and yield.Then initiator is added, makes ethylene-d that polymerization reaction occur and produces deuterated polyethylene.
Deuterated polyethylene target membrane finally is made with solution-evaporation in the deuterated polyethylene of above-mentioned preparation.The solution evaporation
The principle of method is that deuterated polyethylene is dissolved in dimethylbenzene, is then regrouped in very long evaporation process as deuterated poly-
Vinyl film.Deuterated polyethylene and dimethylbenzene are placed in beaker, then this beaker is heated to the boiling point of dimethylbenzene, the diformazan
The boiling point of benzene is 140 degrees Celsius, and heating instrument used is the heating furnace with blender., to keep deuterated polyethylene sufficiently molten
Solution keeps solution fluidized state 6 minutes.Further the xylene solution of boiling is poured on the sheet glass handled well, allows it
After uniformly scattering, is clasped with a glass culture dish, make dimethylbenzene slow evaporation, form deuterated polyethylene film after 15min.Into one
Step, the above-mentioned sheet glass with deuterated polyethylene film is put in an oven, 20min is toasted at 110 DEG C, makes deuterated polyethylene film
Sufficiently fusion.Further, being inserted into deionized water slowly by above-mentioned sheet glass, can obtain deuterated polyethylene target membrane.Most
Afterwards, deuterated polyethylene target membrane with a thickness of 0.23 μm.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preparation process of D-D neutron tube target, including the following steps:
(1) deuterated acetylene is prepared；
(2) deuterium is prepared；
(3) deuterated polyethylene is prepared；
(4) deuterated polyethylene target membrane is prepared.
2. a kind of as described in claim 1, preparation process of D-D neutron tube target, it is characterised in that: in step (1), select carbon
Change calcium is reacted with heavy water produces deuterated acetylene.
3. a kind of as described in claim 1, preparation process of D-D neutron tube target, it is characterised in that: in step (2), take electricity
Solution heavy water produces deuterium, and electrolytic cell used is quartz glass production, and electrode is platinum production, and is separated with the method for rectifying
Purify deuterium.
4. a kind of as described in claim 1, preparation process of D-D neutron tube target, it is characterised in that: in step (3), use metal
Palladium is supported on carrier titanium dioxide with the alloy catalyst that silver is formed and is catalyzed deuterated acetylene and adds reacting for deuterium, stops reaction
In the stage of production ethylene-d, initiator is added, makes ethylene-d that polymerization reaction occur and produces deuterated polyethylene.
5. a kind of as described in claim 1, preparation process of D-D neutron tube target, it is characterised in that: in step (4), use solution
Evaporation prepares deuterated polyethylene target membrane.
6. a kind of as claimed in claim 5, preparation process of D-D neutron tube target, it is characterised in that: deuterated poly- in step (5)
Ethylene target membrane with a thickness of 2.3 μm.
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| CN201910163321.6A CN109729637A (en) | 2019-03-05 | 2019-03-05 | A kind of D-D neutron tube target and preparation process |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111479377A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-31 | 吉林大学 | D-D neutron tube target film protective layer |
| CN114411177A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-29 | 西北工业大学 | Electrocatalysis method for synthesizing deuterated olefin |
| CN115354285A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-18 | 青岛元动芯能源科技有限公司 | Neutron target based on in-situ growth and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104692991A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-06-10 | 武汉众宇动力***科技有限公司 | Preparation method of deuteroethylene |
| CN104692992A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-06-10 | 武汉众宇动力***科技有限公司 | Preparation method of deuteroethylene |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111479377A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-31 | 吉林大学 | D-D neutron tube target film protective layer |
| CN114411177A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-29 | 西北工业大学 | Electrocatalysis method for synthesizing deuterated olefin |
| CN115354285A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-18 | 青岛元动芯能源科技有限公司 | Neutron target based on in-situ growth and preparation method thereof |
| CN115354285B (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2023-08-22 | 中子时代(青岛)创新科技有限公司 | Neutron target based on in-situ growth and preparation method thereof |
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