CN106637274A - neutral and nearly-neutral water oxidation catalytic electrodes in transition metal salt nano arrays - Google Patents
neutral and nearly-neutral water oxidation catalytic electrodes in transition metal salt nano arrays Download PDFInfo
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- CN106637274A CN106637274A CN201611233058.6A CN201611233058A CN106637274A CN 106637274 A CN106637274 A CN 106637274A CN 201611233058 A CN201611233058 A CN 201611233058A CN 106637274 A CN106637274 A CN 106637274A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of hydrogen energy and fuel cell, and relates to conversion of transition metal compounds (including sulfides, phosphides, and oxides) nano arrays into metal salts (including borates, phosphates, carbonates, and compound systems thereof) nano arrays via electrochemistry oxidation polarization method, and electrochemistry water oxidation catalytic electrode at neutral and nearly-neutral environments. The electrochemistry water oxidation catalytic electrode possess larger active surface area and excellent electrolyte solution mass transfer performance, and is capable of reducing water oxidation energy barrier obviously, realizing low energy consumption water electrolysis hydrogen production, and promoting development of hydrogen production industry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Hydrogen Energy and fuel cell field, by electrochemical oxidation polarization method realize transistion metal compound to
The converted in-situ of transition metal salt (including borate, phosphate, carbonate and its compound system) nano-array, and neutral or
It is used for efficient, lasting water oxygen hydrogen manufacturing as catalysis electrode in weakly acidic pH electrolyte solution.
Background technology
Environment and the focus that energy problem is that today's society receives much concern.It is global caused by the lasting consumption of fossil fuel
Energy shortage and environmental pollution, force people seek the efficient of alternative fossil fuel, renewable and clean energy resource (Nat.Chem.,
2009,1,112).Hydrogen because the features such as its calorific value is high, raw material sources are wide, combustion product is pollution-free by extensive concern
(Chem.Rev., 2010,110,6446-6473).Electrolysis water is a kind of efficient technology for preparing clean, sustainable hydrogen energy source.
It is related to the reduction of negative electrode water and anode water aoxidizes two important fundamental reactions.Due to 4 electron reactions of anode water oxidizing process
Gentle slow kinetics, water electrolysis prepares hydrogen needs very high voltage to accelerate polarization response, and this significantly increases hydrogen
Preparation cost (Inorg.Chem., 2008,47,1849-1861).Yttrium oxide and ruthenium-oxide, can be effective used as water oxidation catalyst
Reduction water electrolysis system required voltage.But the running environment of its expensive price and strong acid or highly basic limits it in hydrogen manufacturing
The scale application (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2009,131,15578-15579) of industry.Therefore prepare molten in neutral electrolyte
The base metal water oxidation catalyst run in liquid, reducing the energy consumption of hydrogen generating system becomes the focus of people's research.
Under neutral environment, the metal salt catalyst of existing water oxygen is led due to the limitation of its specific surface area active
Cause its catalysis activity not high, cause hydrogen generating system still need very high voltage (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2013,135,
10492-10502).By electrochemical oxidation polarization method converted in-situ it is with high living by the predecessor with nano-array pattern
The research of the metallic salt water oxidation catalyst of property specific surface area has no report.
The content of the invention
In order to improve the efficiency that water electrolysis prepares hydrogen, while the preparation cost of hydrogen is reduced, it is contemplated that overcoming water
Restriction of the oxidizing process to hydrogen generating system, there is provided new High-efficient Water oxidation catalysis electrode is strengthening process for making hydrogen.
New and effective water oxygen catalysis electrode of the present invention includes active component and conductive carrier two parts, activearm
It is divided into transition metal salt (including borate, phosphate or carbonate and its compound system) nano-array.
According to one embodiment of application of the present invention, directly aoxidize transition metal salt nano-array as water electrolysis
Anode is strengthening the efficiency of electrochemistry hydrogen generating system.
According to one embodiment of application of the present invention, electrolyte is the neutral or weakly acidic pH aqueous solution.
Root contains one or more according to one embodiment of application of the present invention, the transition metal nano-array
Transition metal, the transition metal be iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, zinc, aluminium, chromium, manganese, gallium, indium, germanium,
Tin.
According to one embodiment of application of the present invention, the transition metal salt nano-array includes transition gold
Belong to the compound of phosphate, transition metal borate, transition metal carbonate and its various salts.
According to one embodiment of application of the present invention, the transition metal salt nano-array has nano wire, receives
The patterns such as rice rod, nanotube, nanometer sheet, nanometer plate, nucleocapsid and hierarchy.
According to one embodiment of application of the present invention, the transition metal salt nano-array content is 0.1～
50wt%, carrier is one or more mischmetal knot of iron, nickel, vanadium, copper, stainless steel, cobalt, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminium, zinc, chromium, manganese
Structure (net/paper tinsel/piece), carbon cloth, carbon paper, electro-conductive glass piece and conductive silicon chip.
Predecessor with nano-array pattern is carried out the metal that converted in-situ prepares high catalytic activity by the present invention first
Salt nano-array, and it is applied to the oxidation of the water power in neutral electrolyte solution.This material have bigger specific surface area active and
Excellent electrolyte solution permeability, reduces the energy consumption of hydrogen generating system, is greatly facilitated the development of scale hydrogen manufacturing industry.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the borate nano-chip arrays of the nickel of growth on carbon cloth in embodiment 1 and as water oxygen
Change analysis oxygen performance of the catalysis electrode under near-neutral sulfite deinking.
Fig. 2 is the borate of the nickel grown on carbon cloth in embodiment 3 and the scanning of phosphate composite material nano-chip arrays
Electron microscope and the analysis oxygen performance as water oxygen catalysis electrode under near-neutral sulfite deinking.
Fig. 3 is the borate of the iron nickel grown on carbon cloth in embodiment 5 and the scanning of phosphate complex nano-chip arrays
Electron microscope and its analysis oxygen performance as water oxygen catalysis electrode under near-neutral sulfite deinking.
Fig. 4 is for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the phosphate nano linear array of the cobalt of growth in titanium net in embodiment 7 and its as water
Oxidation catalysis electrode analysis oxygen performance in neutral conditions.
Specific embodiment
All features, method disclosed in this specification or during the step of, except mutually exclusive feature or step
In addition, can be in any combination.
Any feature disclosed in this specification, unless specifically stated otherwise, can be equivalent or with similar purpose by other
Alternative features are replaced.I.e. each feature is an a series of example in equivalent features.
Embodiment 1：
Step one：1.45g nickel nitrates and 1.40g hexamethylenetetramines are dispersed in the distilled water of 36ml, then
Above-mentioned mixed liquor is transferred in 50ml polytetrafluoroethyllining linings.
Step 2：Carbon cloth is put into the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining of step one, and this liner is sealed with stainless steel mould,
It is placed in 100 DEG C of reaction 10h in thermostatic drying chamber.
Step 3：After reaction terminates, reactor is cooled into room temperature, then takes out carbon cloth, and with distilled water and anhydrous
Ethanol is washed.24h is vacuum dried at 40 DEG C, Ni (OH) is obtained2Nano-chip arrays.
Step 4：Presoma obtained in step 3 is placed in tube furnace, it is anti-under the conditions of 300 DEG C in argon atmosphere
2h is answered, NiO nano-chip arrays are obtained,.
Step 5：Using NiO nano-chip arrays as the working electrode of electrochemical workstation, silver/silver chloride electrode, platinum electrode
Respectively as reference electrode, to electrode, in 0.1M boric acid potassium solutions, 1.1V constant voltages are applied to three-electrode system until electricity
Stream is stable, finally gives the borate nano-array of nickel, and its microstructure is as shown in Figure 1.
Step 6：In the device of step 5, continuation carries out water oxygen performance test, concrete catalytic performance result to material
As shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 2：
Step one：In 50ml distilled water, then 0.87g cobalt nitrate hexahydrates, 0.29g ammonium fluorides, 0.9g urea are dissolved in
Above-mentioned mixed liquor is transferred in 50ml polytetrafluoroethyllining linings.
Step 2：Titanium net is put into the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining of step one, and this liner is sealed into stainless steel mould
In, it is placed in thermostatic drying chamber and reacts 6h at 120 DEG C.
Step 3：After the completion of reaction, reactor is cooled into room temperature, and titanium net is taken out into clean, be placed in vacuum drying chamber
24h is dried at 40 DEG C.
Step 4：The dried sample of step 3 and 0.5g hypophosphorous acid hydrogen sodium are placed in tube furnace, in argon atmosphere,
2h is reacted under the conditions of 300 DEG C, CoP nano-wire arrays are obtained.
Step 5：Using CoP nano-chip arrays as the working electrode of electrochemical workstation, silver/silver chloride electrode, platinum electrode
Respectively as reference electrode, to electrode, in 0.1M boric acid potassium solutions, 1.1V constant voltages are applied to three-electrode system until electricity
Stream is stable, finally gives the borate and phosphate composite material nano-array of cobalt.
Step 6：In the device of step 5, continuation carries out water oxygen performance test to material.
Embodiment 3：
Step one：1.42g nickel nitrates and 1.38g hexamethylenetetramines are dispersed in the distilled water of 38ml, then
Above-mentioned mixing liquid is transferred in polytetrafluoroethyllining lining.Step 2：Carbon cloth is put into the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining of step one
In, and this liner is sealed with stainless steel mould, it is placed in 100 DEG C of reaction 10h in thermostatic drying chamber.
Step 3：After reaction terminates, reactor is cooled into room temperature, then takes out carbon cloth, and with distilled water and anhydrous
Ethanol is washed.24h is vacuum dried at 60 DEG C, Ni (OH) is obtained2Nano-chip arrays.
Step 4：Presoma obtained in step 3 and 1g sodium hypophosphites are placed in tube furnace, in argon atmosphere,
2h is reacted under the conditions of 300 DEG C, Ni is obtained2P。
Step 5：With Ni2P nano-chip arrays are used as the working electrode of electrochemical workstation, and silver/silver chloride electrode, platinum are electric
Pole respectively as reference electrode, to electrode, in 0.1M boric acid potassium solutions, to three-electrode system apply 1.1V constant voltages until
Current stabilization, finally gives the borate and phosphate complex nano-array (Fig. 2) of nickel.
Step 6：In the device of step 5, continuation carries out water oxygen performance test, concrete catalytic performance result to material
As shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 4：
Step one：0.24g ammonium fluorides, 0.89g cobalt nitrate hexahydrates, 1g urea are dissolved in 60ml distilled water, then will
Above-mentioned mixed liquor is transferred in 50ml polytetrafluoroethyllining linings.
Step 2：Carbon cloth is put into the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining of step one, and this liner is sealed into stainless steel mould
In, it is placed in thermostatic drying chamber and reacts 6h at 120 DEG C.
Step 3：After the completion of reaction, reactor is cooled into room temperature, and carbon cloth is taken out into clean, be placed in vacuum drying chamber
24h is dried at 40 DEG C.
Step 4：The dried sample of step 3 and 2g sulphur powders are placed in high temperature process furnances, in argon atmosphere,
2h is reacted under the conditions of 300 DEG C, CoS is obtained2Nano-wire array.
Step 5：With CoS2Nano-wire array is used as the working electrode of electrochemical workstation, and silver/silver chloride electrode, platinum are electric
Pole respectively as reference electrode, to electrode, in 0.1M boric acid potassium solutions, to three-electrode system apply 1.1V constant voltages until
Current stabilization, finally gives the borate nano-array of cobalt.
Step 6：In the device of step 5, continuation carries out water oxygen performance test to material.
Embodiment 5：
Step one：In 80mL deionized waters add the water nickel nitrates of 1.16g six, the water ferric nitrates of 0.18g nine, 1.2g urea and
0.42g ammonium fluorides, and above-mentioned solution is transferred into 50ml polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hydrothermal reaction kettles.
Step 2：Carbon cloth is put into the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining of step one, and this liner is sealed into stainless steel mould
In, it is placed in thermostatic drying chamber and reacts 6h at 120 DEG C.
Step 3：After the completion of reaction, reactor is cooled into room temperature, and carbon cloth is taken out into clean, be placed in vacuum drying chamber
24h is dried at 40 DEG C.
Step 4：NiFe obtained in step 3 (OH) F/CC is placed in tube furnace and is added potassium hypophosphite, in argon atmospher
In enclosing, 2h is reacted under the conditions of 300 DEG C, obtain NiFeP nanometer sheets.
Step 5：Using NiFeP nano-chip arrays as the working electrode of electrochemical workstation, silver/silver chloride electrode, platinum electricity
Pole respectively as reference electrode, to electrode, in 0.1M boric acid potassium solutions, to three-electrode system apply 1.1V constant voltages until
Current stabilization, finally gives the borate and phosphate complex nano-array (Fig. 3) of ferronickel.
Step 6：In the device of step 5, continuation carries out water oxygen performance test, concrete catalytic performance result to material
As shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 6：
Step one：Ni nets are placed in tube furnace, Sodium Hypophosphite is phosphorus source, it is anti-under the conditions of 500 DEG C in argon atmosphere
2h is answered, Ni is obtained2P and Ni2P5Compound phase.
Step 2：With Ni2P and Ni2P5Compound phase as electrochemical workstation working electrode, silver/silver chloride electrode, platinum
Electrode in 0.1M boric acid potassium solutions, applies 1.1V constant voltages straight respectively as reference electrode, to electrode to three-electrode system
To current stabilization, the borate nano-array of nickel is finally given.
Step 3：In the device of step 2, continuation carries out water oxygen performance test to material.
Embodiment 7：
Step one：In 40ml distilled water, then 0.58g cobalt nitrate hexahydrates, 0.18g ammonium fluorides, 0.6g urea are dissolved in
Above-mentioned mixed liquor is transferred in 50ml polytetrafluoroethyllining linings.
Step 2：Titanium net is put into the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining of step one, and this liner is sealed into stainless steel mould
In, it is placed in thermostatic drying chamber and reacts 6h at 120 DEG C.
Step 3：After the completion of reaction, reactor is cooled into room temperature, and titanium net is taken out into clean, be placed in vacuum drying chamber
24h is dried at 40 DEG C.
Step 4：Step 3 dried Co (OH) F/Ti and 0.5g hypophosphorous acid hydrogen sodium is placed in high temperature process furnances, in argon
During atmosphere is enclosed, 2h is reacted under the conditions of 300 DEG C, obtain CoP nano-wire arrays.
Step 5：Using CoP nano-wire arrays as the working electrode of electrochemical workstation, silver/silver chloride electrode, platinum electrode
Respectively as reference electrode, to electrode, in 0.1M phosphate buffers, 1.1V constant voltages are applied to three-electrode system until electricity
Stream is stable, finally gives the phosphate nano array (Fig. 4) of cobalt.
Step 6：In the device of step 5, continuation carries out water oxygen performance test, concrete catalytic performance result to material
As shown in Figure 4.
Claims (8)
1. application of the transition metal salt nano-array as water oxygen polarizing electrode in electrochemistry hydrogen generating system, the catalysis electrode by
Transition metal salt nano-array and conductive carrier two parts are constituted.
2. application according to claim 1, it is characterised in that transition metal salt nano-array electrode is placed in into neutrality or near
In neutral aqueous solution electrolyte, realize that High-efficient Water is electrolysed.
3. application according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the transition metal salt nano-array content be 0.1～
50wt%, carrier is one or more mischmetal knot of iron, nickel, vanadium, copper, stainless steel, cobalt, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminium, zinc, chromium, manganese
Structure (net/paper tinsel/piece), carbon fiber, carbon cloth, carbon fiber paper, electro-conductive glass piece and conductive silicon chip.
4. application according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the transition metal salt nano-array contains one or more
Transition metal, the transition metal be iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, zinc, aluminium, chromium, manganese, gallium, indium, germanium,
Tin.
5. application according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the transition metal salt nano-array includes transition metal phosphorus
Hydrochlorate, transition metal borate, transition metal carbonate and various salt it is compound.
6. application according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the transition metal salt nano-array is by corresponding transition gold
Category sulfide, phosphide and oxide are obtained by the regular conversion of electrochemical oxidation polarization method.Predecessor is in inert gas atmosphere
Under enclosing, anneal under conditions of phosphorus source, sulphur source, nitrogen source are present and obtain.
7. application according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the inert gas is argon gas or nitrogen, annealing temperature is
250～900 DEG C, annealing time is 1～8 hour, and phosphorus source is in sodium hypophosphite, potassium hypophosphite, hypophosphorous acid, red phosphorus or white phosphorus
Plant or various, sulphur source is sulphur powder.
8. application according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the electrochemical oxidation polarization method is electric by typical three
Pole electrochemical operation station equipment is realizing.Silver/silver chloride electrode, platinum electrode, presoma respectively as reference electrode, to electrode and
Working electrode, while phosphate, borate, carbonate etc. are in electrolyte solution, and to working electrode applied voltage until electricity
Stream reaches stationary value.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN107630227A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2018-01-26 | 天津理工大学 | A kind of method that three-D nano-porous copper mesh elctro-catalyst is prepared based on metal net |
| CN108315759A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-07-24 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of Cu of vanadium modification2S self-supportings electrode material and its synthetic method |
| CN109939707A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-06-28 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Two cobalt@nickel tungstate nucleocapsid heterojunction material of phosphatization and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110408953A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-05 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of porous core-shell nano line flexible array electrode of phosphorus doping tungsten sulfide@tungsten oxide and preparation method thereof |
| CN111153448A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-15 | 中南林业科技大学 | Preparation method and application of bamboo/wood-based nano-cellulose limited transition metal oxide electrode material |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107630227A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2018-01-26 | 天津理工大学 | A kind of method that three-D nano-porous copper mesh elctro-catalyst is prepared based on metal net |
| CN108315759A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-07-24 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of Cu of vanadium modification2S self-supportings electrode material and its synthetic method |
| CN109939707A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-06-28 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Two cobalt@nickel tungstate nucleocapsid heterojunction material of phosphatization and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN109939707B (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2021-08-24 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Cobaltous phosphide @ nickel tungstate core-shell heterojunction material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110408953A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-05 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of porous core-shell nano line flexible array electrode of phosphorus doping tungsten sulfide@tungsten oxide and preparation method thereof |
| CN110408953B (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2020-12-04 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Phosphorus-doped tungsten sulfide @ tungsten oxide porous core-shell nanowire flexible array electrode and preparation method thereof |
| CN111153448A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-15 | 中南林业科技大学 | Preparation method and application of bamboo/wood-based nano-cellulose limited transition metal oxide electrode material |
| CN111153448B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2022-07-15 | 中南林业科技大学 | Preparation method and application of bamboo/wood-based nano-cellulose limited transition metal oxide electrode material |
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