CN109723787B - Variable speed transmission device for vehicle - Google Patents
Variable speed transmission device for vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN109723787B CN109723787B CN201910166293.3A CN201910166293A CN109723787B CN 109723787 B CN109723787 B CN 109723787B CN 201910166293 A CN201910166293 A CN 201910166293A CN 109723787 B CN109723787 B CN 109723787B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a variable speed transmission device for a vehicle, which comprises a mechanical transmission module, a hydraulic transmission module and a device shell, wherein the mechanical transmission module is arranged on the device shell; the mechanical transmission module comprises a first shaft, a second shaft, a third shaft, a transfer gear, a second shaft driven gear, a low-gear driving gear, a high-gear driving gear, a third shaft driven gear, a low-gear driven gear, a high-gear driven gear, a first clutch, a low-gear clutch and a high-gear clutch; the hydraulic transmission module comprises a hydraulic pump, a pump shaft gear, a hydraulic motor, a motor shaft first gear, a motor shaft second gear and a second adaptor; through the mutual matching of the mechanical transmission module and the hydraulic transmission module, the invention can realize the variable transmission of three transmission modes of pure mechanical transmission, pure hydraulic transmission and hydraulic and mechanical series composite transmission when realizing the variable transmission, thereby ensuring that the variable transmission process has the characteristics of mechanical transmission and hydraulic transmission to adapt to the variable transmission requirements of different types of vehicles.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to transmissions, and more particularly to a variable speed drive for a vehicle.
Background
The variable speed transmission device has various structural types and adopts different power transmission modes, but the variable speed transmission device mainly adopts two transmission modes of mechanical transmission and hydraulic transmission at present.
Mechanical transmissions utilize systems of various mechanical parts to transmit power. The mechanical transmission has the characteristics of reliable and high transmission, high efficiency, capability of realizing step or stepless speed change transmission and the like, but the mechanical transmission system has the problems of low structural arrangement flexibility, unstable transmission, rapid reduction of transmission efficiency and the like easily caused when mechanical stepless speed change is carried out.
The hydraulic transmission utilizes a system consisting of a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor, various valve hydraulic elements, pipelines and the like to transmit power. In the hydraulic transmission system, pressure oil is used as an energy carrier between a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor, and power is transmitted through a pipeline connecting the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a speed-change transmission device for a vehicle, which integrates both mechanical and hydraulic speed-change transmissions, so that the speed-change transmission process combines the characteristics of both mechanical transmission and hydraulic transmission to meet the speed-change transmission requirements of different types of vehicles.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a variable speed transmission for a vehicle, the variable speed transmission including a mechanical transmission module, a hydraulic transmission module, and a device housing;
the mechanical transmission module comprises a first shaft, a second shaft, a third shaft, a transfer gear, a second shaft driven gear, a low-gear driving gear, a high-gear driving gear, a third shaft driven gear, a low-gear driven gear, a high-gear driven gear, a first clutch, a low-gear clutch and a high-gear clutch;
the first shaft is a power input shaft of the variable speed transmission device, and the transfer gear is fixedly arranged on the first shaft in sequence and sleeved with the first adapter; the first adaptor rotates synchronously with the first shaft and can slide on the first shaft along the axial direction to a position of the left position or the right position of the first adaptor; said first shaft together with the transfer gear and the first coupling is rotatably supported in the device housing;
the second shaft and the first shaft are coaxially arranged, and the second shaft driven gear, the low-gear driving gear and the high-gear driving gear are fixedly arranged on the second shaft in sequence; one end of the second shaft is rotatably supported at one end of the first shaft, and the other end of the second shaft is rotatably supported on the device shell; when the first connector is in the left position of the first connector, the first shaft and the second shaft rotate independently; when the first connector is positioned at the right position of the first connector, the first shaft is in transmission connection with a second shaft through the first connector and a second shaft driven gear, and the second shaft rotates synchronously with the first shaft;
the third shaft is a power output shaft of the variable speed transmission device, is arranged in parallel with the first shaft, and is fixedly provided with the third shaft driven gear, a low-gear driven gear and a high-gear driven gear in sequence; the low-gear driven gear is rotatably supported on the third shaft and is in constant meshing with the low-gear driving gear; the high-gear driven gear is rotatably supported on the third shaft and is in constant meshing with the high-gear driving gear; the third shaft is also provided with a low-gear clutch and a high-gear clutch; the low-gear clutch is provided with two connecting ports, one connecting port of the low-gear clutch is in transmission connection with the low-gear driven gear, and the other connecting port of the low-gear clutch is fixedly connected with the third shaft; the high-gear clutch is provided with two connecting ports, one connecting port of the high-gear clutch is in transmission connection with the high-gear driven gear, and the other connecting port of the high-gear clutch is fixedly connected with the third shaft;
the hydraulic transmission module comprises a hydraulic pump, a pump shaft gear, a hydraulic motor, a motor shaft first gear, a motor shaft second gear and a second adaptor;
the hydraulic pump is a positive displacement rotor pump, a first pump port and a second pump port are arranged on the hydraulic pump, a stator of the hydraulic pump is fixedly arranged on the device shell, and a rotor of the hydraulic pump is in transmission connection with the pump shaft; the pump shaft is arranged in parallel with the first shaft, the pump shaft gear is fixedly arranged on the pump shaft, and the pump shaft, the pump shaft gear and a rotor of the hydraulic pump rotate synchronously; the pump shaft gear is in constant mesh with the transfer gear;
the hydraulic motor is a positive displacement rotor motor, a first motor oil port and a second motor oil port are arranged on the hydraulic motor, the first motor oil port is communicated with the second pump oil port, the second motor oil port is communicated with the first pump oil port, a stator of the hydraulic motor is fixedly arranged on the device shell, and a rotor of the hydraulic motor is in transmission connection with the motor shaft; the motor shaft is arranged in parallel with the first shaft, and the motor shaft first gear, the second connector and the motor shaft second gear are sequentially sleeved on the motor shaft; the motor shaft first gear is rotatably supported on the motor shaft and is constantly meshed with the third shaft driven gear; the motor shaft second gear is rotatably supported on the motor shaft and is constantly meshed with the second shaft driven gear; the second adapter and the motor shaft form a transmission connection, the second adapter rotates synchronously with the motor shaft and can move on the motor shaft along the axial direction to the position of the left position of the second adapter or the middle position of the second adapter or the right position of the second adapter; the first motor shaft gear is locked to and rotates synchronously with the motor shaft when the second coupling is in the second coupling left position, the second motor shaft gear is locked to and rotates synchronously with the motor shaft when the second coupling is in the second coupling right position, and the first motor shaft gear, the second motor shaft gear and the motor shaft each rotate independently when the second coupling is in the second coupling middle position.
Optionally, the mechanical transmission module further includes a speed change mechanism, and the speed change mechanism is composed of the second shaft, the low gear driving gear, the low gear clutch, the low gear driven gear, the high gear driving gear, the high gear clutch, the high gear driven gear and the third shaft; when the low clutch and the high clutch are simultaneously disengaged, the second shaft cannot transmit power to the third shaft; the second shaft transmitting power to the third shaft at a low gear ratio when the low clutch is engaged and the high clutch is disengaged; the second shaft transmits power to the third shaft at a high gear ratio when the high clutch is engaged and the low clutch is disengaged.
Optionally, the first adaptor is selected from one of the following mechanisms: a synchronizer-type separation/engagement mechanism, or a bite-type separation/engagement mechanism, or a jaw-type separation/engagement mechanism.
Optionally, the second coupling is selected from one of the following mechanisms: a synchronizer-type separation/engagement mechanism, or a bite-type separation/engagement mechanism, or a jaw-type separation/engagement mechanism.
Optionally, the low clutch is a wet multi-plate friction clutch.
Optionally, the high-gear clutch is a wet multi-plate friction clutch.
Optionally, the hydraulic pump is a bidirectional variable displacement axial plunger pump, the maximum positive displacement of the hydraulic pump is Dbmax, the maximum reverse displacement of the hydraulic pump is-Dbmax, and the displacement of the hydraulic pump is in stepless regulation between-Dbmax and 0-Dbmax; when the displacement Db of the hydraulic pump is adjusted to be zero, the first oil port and the second oil port of the pump do not have suction and discharge effects on oil, and the flow passing through the hydraulic pump is zero; when the displacement of the hydraulic pump is adjusted from zero to Dbmax, the hydraulic pump sucks oil from the first pump port and discharges oil from the second pump port at a forward flow rate of the hydraulic pump, and when the displacement of the hydraulic pump is adjusted to Dbmax, the flow sucked by the first pump port and discharged from the second pump port reaches the maximum flow rate; when the discharge capacity of the hydraulic pump is adjusted to-Dbmax from zero, the hydraulic pump sucks oil from the second pump port and discharges the oil from the first pump port at a hydraulic pump reverse flow rate, and when the discharge capacity of the hydraulic pump is adjusted to-Dbmax, the reverse pump flow sucked from the first pump port and discharged from the second pump port reaches a maximum flow rate.
Optionally, the hydraulic motor is a bidirectional constant displacement axial plunger motor, when the forward flow of the hydraulic pump is applied to the liquid supplied from the first oil port of the motor, the motor shaft can be driven to rotate forward, the rotating speed of the motor shaft is in direct proportion to the forward flow of the hydraulic pump, and when the reverse flow of the hydraulic pump is applied to the liquid supplied from the second oil port of the motor, the motor shaft can be driven to rotate in reverse, and the rotating speed of the motor shaft is in direct proportion to the reverse flow of the hydraulic pump.
When the invention works, the variable-speed transmission of three transmission modes of pure mechanical transmission, pure hydraulic transmission and hydraulic and mechanical series composite transmission can be realized, so that the variable-speed transmission process has the characteristics of mechanical transmission and hydraulic transmission, and the variable-speed transmission device is suitable for the variable-speed transmission requirements of different types of vehicles.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a transmission mechanism of a variable speed transmission for a vehicle of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a range of positive adjustment of the hydraulic pump displacement of a hydraulic transmission module HT of a variable speed transmission for a vehicle according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a range of reverse adjustment of the hydraulic pump displacement of a hydraulic transmission module HT of a variable speed transmission for a vehicle according to the present invention.
Code numbers in the figures: b 1-Pump first Port; b 2-pump second port; c1-transfer gear; c2-second shaft driven gear; c3-low range drive gear; c4-high gear drive gear; c5-motor shaft first gear; c6-motor shaft second gear; c7-third shaft driven gear; c8 — low range driven gear; c9-high driven gear; cb-pump shaft gear; HB-hydraulic pump; HM-hydraulic motor; an HT-hydraulic transmission module; i1 — Low; i2 — high gear ratio; j1 — first clutch left bit; j2 — second clutch left bit; j1 — first adapter; j2-second adapter; k1 — first clutch right bit; k2 — second clutch right position; KT-shell; l1 — low clutch; l2-high clutch; m 1-motor first oil port; m 2-motor second port; m-second adapter neutral position; mi-input torque; mo-output torque; MT-mechanical transmission module; ni — input rotational speed; no-output speed; pi-power; po-driving force; qp-hydraulic pump forward flow; qn-reverse flow of hydraulic pump; z1-first axis; z2-second axis; z3-third axis; zb-pump shaft; zm-motor shaft.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained by the description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a variable speed transmission for a vehicle, which is constructed of a mechanical transmission module MT, a hydraulic transmission module HT, and a device case KT.
The mechanical transmission module MT comprises a first shaft Z1, a second shaft Z2, a third shaft Z3, a transfer gear C1, a second shaft driven gear C2, a low-gear driving gear C3, a high-gear driving gear C4, a third shaft driven gear C7, a low-gear driven gear C8, a high-gear driven gear C9, a first clutch J1, a low-gear clutch L1 and a high-gear clutch L2.
The first shaft Z1 is a power input shaft of the variable speed transmission device, and is fixedly provided with a transfer gear C1 and a first adaptor J1 in sequence; the first clutch J1 rotates synchronously with the first shaft Z1 and can slide on the first shaft Z1 along the axial direction to the position of the first clutch left position J1 or the first clutch right position k 1; the first shaft Z1 is rotatably supported on the device housing KT together with the transfer gear C1 and the first coupling J1. In particular, the first shaft Z1 can be provided with the first coupling J1 by a splined connection sleeve.
Meanwhile, the first jointer (J1) selects one of the following mechanisms: a synchronizer-type separation/engagement mechanism, or a bite-type separation/engagement mechanism, or a jaw-type separation/engagement mechanism.
The second shaft Z2 and the first shaft Z1 are coaxially arranged, and a second shaft driven gear C2, a low-gear driving gear C3 and a high-gear driving gear C4 are fixedly arranged on the second shaft Z2 in sequence; one end of the second shaft Z2 is rotatably supported by one end of the first shaft Z1, and the other end of the second shaft Z2 is rotatably supported by the apparatus casing KT.
The third shaft Z3 is a power output shaft of the variable-speed transmission device, the third shaft Z3 is arranged in parallel with the first shaft Z1, and a third shaft driven gear C7, a low-gear driven gear C8 and a high-gear driven gear C9 are sequentially and fixedly arranged on the third shaft Z3 in a sleeved mode; the low range driven gear C8 is rotatably supported on the third shaft Z3 and is in constant mesh with the low range drive gear C3; the high range driven gear C9 is rotatably supported on the third shaft Z3 and is in constant mesh with the high range drive gear C4.
The third shaft Z3 is also provided with a low-gear clutch L1 and a high-gear clutch L2; the low clutch L1 has two connection ports, of which one connection port of the low clutch L1 is in driving connection with the low driven gear C8 and the other connection port of the low clutch L1 is fixedly connected with the third shaft Z3. The high clutch L2 has two connection ports, of which one connection port of the high clutch L2 is in driving connection with the high driven gear C9 and the other connection port of the high clutch L2 is fixedly connected with the third shaft Z3.
Further, the second shaft Z2, the low gear drive gear C3, the low gear clutch L1, the low gear driven gear C8, the high gear drive gear C4, the high gear clutch L2, the high gear driven gear C9, and the third shaft Z3 constitute a speed change mechanism; when the low clutch L1 and the high clutch L2 are disengaged simultaneously, the second shaft Z2 cannot transmit power to the third shaft Z3; when the low clutch L1 is engaged and the high clutch L2 is disengaged, the second shaft Z2 transfers power to the third shaft Z3 at a low gear ratio; when the high clutch L2 is engaged and the low clutch L1 is disengaged, the second shaft Z2 transfers power to the third shaft Z3 at a high gear ratio.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, and 3, the hydraulic transmission module HT includes a hydraulic pump HB, a pump shaft Zb, a pump shaft gear Cb, a hydraulic motor HM, a motor shaft Zm, a motor shaft first gear C5, a motor shaft second gear C6, and a second clutch J2.
The hydraulic pump HB is a positive displacement rotor pump provided with a first pump oil port b1 and a second pump oil port b2, a stator of the hydraulic pump HB is fixedly arranged on the device shell KT, and a rotor of the hydraulic pump HB is in transmission connection with a pump shaft Zb; the pump shaft Zb is arranged in parallel with the first shaft Z1, a pump shaft gear Cb is fixedly arranged on the pump shaft Zb, and the pump shaft Zb, the pump shaft gear Cb and a rotor of the hydraulic pump HB rotate synchronously; pump shaft gear Cb is in constant mesh with transfer gear C1.
Specifically, the hydraulic pump HB can adopt a bidirectional variable displacement axial plunger pump with the displacement Db, the maximum positive displacement of the pump is Dbmax, the maximum reverse displacement of the pump is-Dbmax, and the displacement of the pump can be steplessly adjusted between-Dbmax and 0-Dbmax; when the displacement Db of the hydraulic pump HB is adjusted to 0, the first pump port b1 and the second pump port b2 do not suck and discharge oil, and the hydraulic pump HB does not output oil when the flow Q of the pump is 0; when the displacement of the hydraulic pump HB is adjusted from 0 to Dbmax, the hydraulic pump HB sucks in oil from the first pump port b1 at a hydraulic pump forward flow Qp and discharges the oil from the second pump port b2, and when the displacement of the hydraulic pump HB is adjusted to Dbmax, the flow sucked in by the first pump port b1 and discharged from the second pump port b2 reaches the maximum hydraulic pump forward flow Qpmax; when the displacement of the hydraulic pump HB is adjusted from 0 to-Dbmax, the hydraulic pump HB sucks the oil from the pump second port b2 at a hydraulic pump reverse flow Qn and discharges the oil from the pump first port b1, and when the displacement of the hydraulic pump HB is adjusted to-Dbmax, the hydraulic pump reverse flow Qn sucked from the pump first port b1 and discharged from the pump second port b2 reaches a reverse flow maximum value Qnmax.
Specifically, the hydraulic pump HB may also adopt a unidirectional variable displacement axial plunger pump whose pump displacement Db can be steplessly adjusted between 0 and Dbmax, when the scheme is adopted, the pump displacement can only be unidirectionally adjusted, the first pump port b1 is always an oil suction port, and the second pump port b2 is always an oil discharge port, so that to realize the forward and reverse rotation of the hydraulic motor HM, a reversing valve needs to be arranged between the first pump port b1 and the first motor port m1 as well as between the second pump port m2, and the communication relationship between the first pump port b1 and the first motor port m1 as well as between the first pump port m2 is changed through the reversing valve, so as to realize the conversion of the rotation direction of the hydraulic motor HM.
The hydraulic motor HM is a positive displacement rotor motor provided with a first motor oil port m1 and a second motor oil port m2, the first motor oil port m1 is communicated with a second pump oil port b2, and the second motor oil port m2 is communicated with a first pump oil port b 1; the stator of the hydraulic motor HM is fixedly arranged on the device shell KT, and the rotor is in transmission connection with the motor shaft Zm; the motor shaft Zm is arranged in parallel with the first shaft Z1, and is sequentially sleeved with a motor shaft first gear C5, a second adaptor J2 and a motor shaft second gear C6; the motor shaft first gear C5 is rotatably supported on the motor shaft Zm and is in constant mesh with the third shaft driven gear C7; the motor shaft second gear C6 is rotatably supported on the motor shaft Zm and is in constant mesh with the second shaft driven gear C2; the second joint J2 is in transmission connection with the motor shaft Zm, in particular, the second joint J2 is in transmission connection with the motor shaft Zm through splines, the second joint J2 rotates synchronously with the motor shaft Zm and can move on the motor shaft Zm along the axial direction to the position of the left position J2 of the second joint or the middle position m of the second joint or the right position k2 of the second joint, when the second clutch J2 is in the second clutch left position J2, the motor shaft first gear C5 is locked to and rotates synchronously with the motor shaft Zm, when the second clutch J2 is in the second clutch right position k2, the motor shaft second gear C6 is locked to the motor shaft Zm and rotates in synchronism with the motor shaft Zm, when the second coupling J2 is in the second coupling neutral position m, the motor shaft first gear C5, the motor shaft second gear C6 and the motor shaft Zm are not in driving connection and can rotate independently.
Specifically, the hydraulic motor HM may employ a bi-directional constant displacement axial piston motor with a displacement Dm, which is capable of driving the motor shaft Zm to rotate in the forward direction and the rotation speed of the motor shaft Zm is proportional to the forward flow Qp of the hydraulic pump when the first port m1 is supplied with the hydraulic pump forward flow Qp, and is capable of driving the motor shaft Zm to rotate in the reverse direction and the rotation speed of the motor shaft Zm is proportional to the forward and reverse flow when the second port m2 is supplied with the hydraulic pump reverse flow Qn.
Meanwhile, the second adaptor (J2) selects one of the following mechanisms: a synchronizer-type separation/engagement mechanism, or a bite-type separation/engagement mechanism, or a jaw-type separation/engagement mechanism. Wet multi-plate friction clutches were used for the low clutch L1 and the high clutch L2.
The specific working process of the embodiment is as follows:
when the variable-speed transmission device provided by the invention is applied to a vehicle, the vehicle can work in three modes of mechanical fixed-ratio variable-speed transmission, hydraulic stepless variable-speed transmission and hydraulic/mechanical composite variable-speed transmission formed by connecting hydraulic stepless variable-speed transmission and mechanical fixed-ratio variable-speed transmission in series, and the braking of the vehicle can be realized through mechanical self-locking in the transmission device.
Mechanical fixed ratio variable speed transmission
Under the mechanical constant ratio speed change transmission mode, the vehicle can only start and run forwards and carry out constant ratio step speed change. Before the vehicle starts, the first clutch J1 of the speed change transmission device is firstly positioned at a right position k1 of the first clutch, the displacement of the hydraulic pump HB is adjusted to be 0, the second clutch J2 is positioned at a middle position m of the second clutch, and the first clutch L1 and the second clutch L2 are all separated; after being input by the first shaft Z1, the power Pi is transmitted to the second shaft Z2 through the first clutch J1; the first clutch L1 is engaged step by step, the power transmitted to the second shaft Z2 is transmitted to the third shaft Z3 through the low-gear driving gear C3, the first clutch L1 and the low-gear driven gear C8 at a low-gear transmission ratio i1, and then a forward driving force Po is output to drive the vehicle to start to move forwards, and when the first clutch L1 is completely engaged, the vehicle moves forwards at a low gear;
when the low gear is required to be shifted into the high gear, the first clutch L1 is disengaged, then the second clutch L2 is engaged, the power transmitted to the second shaft Z2 is transmitted to the third shaft Z3 through the high gear driving gear C4, the second clutch L2 and the high gear driven gear C9 at a high gear transmission ratio i2, and then the forward driving force Po is output to drive the vehicle to move forward at the high gear; otherwise, the high gear can be shifted into the low gear. If the transmission of the present invention is intended to have a mechanical transmission function with more gears, more pairs of driving and driven gear pairs may be added to the second shaft Z2 and the third shaft Z3 of the transmission of the present invention, and a corresponding clutch may be added to each pair of driving and driven gear pairs.
Hydraulic stepless speed change transmission
Under the mode of hydraulic stepless speed change transmission, the vehicle can realize the starting, running and stepless speed regulation of forward and reverse. Before the vehicle starts, firstly, a first clutch J1 of the speed change transmission device is in a first clutch left position J1, a second clutch J2 is in a second clutch left position J2, a first clutch L1 and a second clutch L2 are all separated, and the displacement of a hydraulic pump HB is adjusted to be 0; after being input by a first shaft Z1 and transmitted to a pump shaft Zb through a transfer gear C1 and a pump shaft gear Cb, power Pi drives a pump rotor of a hydraulic pump HB to rotate; when the vehicle needs to drive forwards, the displacement Db of the hydraulic pump HB is adjusted from 0 to Dbmax, the hydraulic pump HB is sucked by a first pump port b1, the forward flow Qp of the hydraulic pump is discharged from a second pump port b2 and is supplied to a first motor port m1, a rotor of a hydraulic motor HM is driven to rotate forwards together with a motor shaft Zm and output power, and the power output in the forward direction is transmitted to a third shaft Z3 through a second adaptor J2, a first motor shaft gear C5 and a third shaft driven gear C7 and then outputs a forward driving force Po; when the forward driving force Po overcomes the vehicle starting resistance, the vehicle starts forwards, then the forward flow Qp of the hydraulic pump which is discharged from the second pump port b2 and supplies liquid to the first motor port m1 is continuously increased along with the displacement Db of the hydraulic pump HB to be adjusted to Dbmax, and the vehicle continuously accelerates forwards in a stepless speed regulation mode; after the vehicle is started forwards, any stable displacement Db of the hydraulic pump HB corresponds to a stable forward running speed of the vehicle, and when the displacement Db of the hydraulic pump HB is adjusted to Dbmax, the vehicle reaches the maximum forward speed in the transmission mode; when the vehicle is required to be driven backwards, the displacement Db of the hydraulic pump HB is adjusted from 0 to-Dbmax, the hydraulic pump HB is sucked by the second pump port b2, the reverse flow Qn of the hydraulic pump is discharged from the first pump port b1, liquid is supplied to the second motor port m2, the rotor of the hydraulic motor HM is driven to rotate reversely along with the motor shaft Zm and output power, and the reversely output power is transmitted to the third shaft Z3 through the second adaptor J2, the first motor shaft gear C5 and the third shaft driven gear C7 and then outputs reverse driving force Po; when the reverse driving force Po overcomes the vehicle starting resistance, the vehicle starts backwards, then the reverse flow Qn of the hydraulic pump which is discharged from the first oil port b1 of the pump and supplies liquid to the second oil port m2 of the motor is continuously increased along with the displacement Db of the hydraulic pump HB to-Dbmax, and the vehicle continuously accelerates backwards in a stepless speed regulation mode; after the vehicle finishes reversing starting, any stable discharge Db of the hydraulic pump HB corresponds to a stable backward driving speed of the vehicle, and when the discharge Db of the hydraulic pump HB is adjusted to-Dbmax, the vehicle reaches the maximum reversing speed in the transmission mode.
Hydraulic/mechanical series composite variable speed drive
Under the hydraulic/mechanical series composite speed change transmission mode, the vehicle can realize the starting, running, fixed ratio step speed change and stepless speed regulation of forward and reverse. Before the vehicle starts, the displacement of the hydraulic pump HB of the speed change transmission device of the present invention is first adjusted to 0, the first clutch J1 is in the first clutch left position J1, the second clutch J2 is in the second clutch right position k2, the first clutch L1 is engaged, and the second clutch L2 is disengaged; after being input by a first shaft Z1 and transmitted to a pump shaft Zb through a transfer gear C1 and a pump shaft gear Cb, power Pi drives a pump rotor of a hydraulic pump HB to rotate;
when the vehicle needs to drive forwards, the displacement Db of the hydraulic pump HB is adjusted from 0 to-Dbmax, the hydraulic pump HB is sucked by the second pump port b2, the reverse flow Qn of the hydraulic pump is discharged from the first pump port b1 and supplies liquid to the second motor port m2, the rotor of the hydraulic motor HM is driven to rotate reversely together with the motor shaft Zm and output power, and the reversely output power is transmitted to the third shaft Z3 through the second clutch J2, the second motor shaft gear C6, the second shaft driven gear C2, the second shaft Z2, the low gear driving gear C3, the low gear driven gear C8 and the first clutch L1 and then outputs forward driving force Po; when the forward driving force Po overcomes the vehicle starting resistance, the vehicle starts forwards, then the reverse flow Qn of the hydraulic pump which is discharged from a first hydraulic port b1 of the pump and supplies liquid to a second hydraulic port m2 of a motor is continuously increased along with the adjustment of the discharge volume Db of the hydraulic pump HB to-Dbmax, the vehicle continuously accelerates forwards in a stepless speed regulation mode, and when the discharge volume Db of the hydraulic pump HB is adjusted to-Dbmax, the vehicle reaches the maximum advancing speed in a low gear in the transmission mode; when the low gear is required to be shifted into the high gear, the first clutch L1 is disengaged, then the second clutch L2 is engaged, and the power transmitted to the second shaft Z2 is transmitted to the third shaft Z3 through the high gear driving gear C4, the second clutch L2 and the high gear driven gear C9, and then the forward driving force Po is output to drive the vehicle to move forward in the high gear; otherwise, the high gear can be shifted into the low gear; in the normal forward running process of the vehicle in a high gear or a low gear, any stable displacement Db of the hydraulic pump HB corresponds to a stable forward running speed of the vehicle, and the forward running speed of the vehicle can be subjected to stepless regulation when the displacement Db of the hydraulic pump HB is regulated within the range of 0-Dbmax;
when the vehicle is required to be driven backwards, the displacement Db of the hydraulic pump HB is adjusted from 0 to Dbmax, the hydraulic pump HB is sucked by a first pump port b1, the forward flow Qp of the hydraulic pump is discharged from a second pump port b2 and is supplied to a first motor port m1, a hydraulic motor HM rotor is driven to rotate forward together with a motor shaft Zm and output power, and the power output in the forward direction is transmitted to a third shaft Z3 through a second adaptor J2, a second motor shaft gear C6, a second shaft driven gear C2, a second shaft Z2, a low-gear driving gear C3, a low-gear driven gear C8 and a first clutch L1 and then outputs a reverse driving force Po; when the reverse driving force Po overcomes the vehicle starting resistance, the vehicle starts in a reverse mode, then the forward flow Qp of the hydraulic pump which is discharged from the second hydraulic port b2 and supplies liquid to the first hydraulic port m1 of the motor continuously increases along with the displacement Dbb of the hydraulic pump HB to be adjusted to Dbmax, the vehicle continuously accelerates backwards in a stepless speed regulation mode, and when the displacement Db of the hydraulic pump HB is adjusted to Dbmax, the vehicle reaches the maximum reverse speed in a low gear in the transmission mode; when the low gear is required to be shifted into the high gear, the first clutch L1 is disengaged, then the second clutch L2 is engaged, and the power transmitted to the second shaft Z2 is transmitted to the third shaft Z3 through the high gear driving gear C4, the second clutch L2 and the high gear driven gear C9, and then reverse driving force Po is output to drive the vehicle to reverse in the high gear; otherwise, the high gear can be shifted into the low gear; in the normal backward driving process of the vehicle no matter in high gear or low gear, any stable displacement Db of the hydraulic pump HB corresponds to a stable backward driving speed of the vehicle, and the backward speed of the vehicle can be subjected to stepless regulation when the displacement Db of the hydraulic pump HB is regulated within the range of 0-Dbmax.
Implementation of braking function
When the vehicle operates in any of the above transmission modes, the first clutch L1 and the second clutch L2 are simultaneously engaged in the speed-change transmission device of the present invention, and a mechanical self-lock is formed between the second shaft Z2 and the third shaft Z3, so that the vehicle can be braked.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A variable speed drive for a vehicle, characterized by: the variable speed drive comprises a mechanical drive Module (MT), a hydraulic drive module (HT) and a drive housing (KT);
the mechanical transmission Module (MT) comprises a first shaft (Z1), a second shaft (Z2), a third shaft (Z3), a transfer gear (C1), a second shaft driven gear (C2), a low-gear driving gear (C3), a high-gear driving gear (C4), a third shaft driven gear (C7), a low-gear driven gear (C8), a high-gear driven gear (C9), a first clutch (J1), a low-gear clutch (L1) and a high-gear clutch (L2);
the first shaft (Z1) is a power input shaft of a variable speed transmission device, and is fixedly provided with the transfer gear (C1) and sleeved with the first adaptor (J1) in sequence; the first clutch (J1) rotates synchronously with the first shaft (Z1) and slides axially on the first shaft (Z1) to a position of first clutch left (J1) or first clutch right (k 1); the first shaft (Z1) together with the transfer gear (C1) and the first coupling (J1) is rotatably supported on the device housing (KT);
the second shaft (Z2) is coaxially arranged with the first shaft (Z1), and the second shaft (Z2) is fixedly provided with the second shaft driven gear (C2), the low gear driving gear (C3) and the high gear driving gear (C4) in sequence; one end of the second shaft (Z2) is rotatably supported at one end of the first shaft (Z1), and the other end of the second shaft (Z2) is rotatably supported on the device shell (KT); when the first clutch (J1) is in the first clutch left position (J1), the first shaft (Z1) and the second shaft (Z2) each rotate independently; when the first clutch (J1) is in the right position (k1) of the first clutch, the first shaft (Z1) is in transmission connection with the second shaft (Z2) through the first clutch (J1) and a second shaft driven gear (C2), and the second shaft (Z2) rotates along with the first shaft (Z1) synchronously;
the third shaft (Z3) is a power output shaft of a variable speed transmission device, the third shaft (Z3) is arranged in parallel with the first shaft (Z1), and the third shaft (Z3) is fixedly provided with the third shaft driven gear (C7), sleeved with the low gear driven gear (C8) and sleeved with the high gear driven gear (C9) in sequence; the low range driven gear (C8) is rotatably supported on the third shaft (Z3) and is in constant mesh with the low range driving gear (C3); the high-gear driven gear (C9) is rotatably supported on the third shaft (Z3) and is in constant mesh with the high-gear driving gear (C4); the third shaft (Z3) is also provided with a low-gear clutch (L1) and a high-gear clutch (L2); the low-gear clutch (L1) is provided with two connecting ports, one connecting port of the low-gear clutch (L1) is in transmission connection with the low-gear driven gear (C8), and the other connecting port of the low-gear clutch (L1) is fixedly connected with the third shaft (Z3); the high-gear clutch (L2) is provided with two connecting ports, one connecting port of the high-gear clutch (L2) is in transmission connection with the high-gear driven gear (C9), and the other connecting port of the high-gear clutch (L2) is fixedly connected with the third shaft (Z3);
the hydraulic transmission module (HT) comprises a hydraulic pump (HB), a pump shaft (Zb), a pump shaft gear (Cb), a Hydraulic Motor (HM), a motor shaft (Zm), a motor shaft first gear (C5), a motor shaft second gear (C6), and a second adaptor (J2);
the hydraulic pump (HB) is a positive displacement rotor pump, a first pump oil port (b1) and a second pump oil port (b2) are formed in the hydraulic pump (HB), a stator of the hydraulic pump (HB) is fixedly arranged on the device shell (KT), and a rotor of the hydraulic pump (HB) is in transmission connection with the pump shaft (Zb); the pump shaft (Zb) is arranged in parallel with the first shaft (Z1), the pump shaft gear (Cb) is fixedly arranged on the pump shaft (Zb), and the pump shaft (Zb), the pump shaft gear (Cb) and a rotor of the hydraulic pump (HB) rotate synchronously; the pump shaft gear (Cb) is in constant mesh with the transfer gear (C1);
the Hydraulic Motor (HM) is a positive displacement rotor motor, a first motor oil port (m1) and a second motor oil port (m2) are arranged on the Hydraulic Motor (HM), the first motor oil port (m1) is communicated with the second pump oil port (b2), the second motor oil port (m2) is communicated with the first pump oil port (b1), a stator of the Hydraulic Motor (HM) is fixedly arranged on the device shell (KT), and a rotor of the Hydraulic Motor (HM) is in transmission connection with the motor shaft (Zm); the motor shaft (Zm) is arranged in parallel with the first shaft (Z1), and the motor shaft first gear (C5), the second coupling (J2) and the motor shaft second gear (C6) are sequentially fitted over the motor shaft (Zm); said motor shaft first gear (C5) being rotatably supported on said motor shaft (Zm) and in constant mesh with said third shaft driven gear (C7); said motor shaft second gear (C6) being rotatably supported on said motor shaft (Zm) and being in constant mesh with said second shaft driven gear (C2); the second clutch (J2) is in transmission connection with the motor shaft (Zm), and the second clutch (J2) rotates synchronously with the motor shaft (Zm) and moves on the motor shaft (Zm) along the axial direction to the position of the left position (J2) of the second clutch or the middle position (m) of the second clutch or the right position (k2) of the second clutch; locking the motor shaft first gear (C5) on and in synchronism with the motor shaft (Zm) when the second coupling (J2) is in a second coupling left position (J2), locking the motor shaft second gear (C6) on and in synchronism with the motor shaft (Zm) when the second coupling (J2) is in the second coupling right position (k2), and each independently rotating the motor shaft first gear (C5), the motor shaft second gear (C6) and the motor shaft (Zm) when the second coupling (J2) is in the second coupling middle position (m).
2. A variable speed drive for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the mechanical transmission Module (MT) also presents a gear change mechanism constituted by the secondary shaft (Z2), the low gear driving gear (C3), the low gear clutch (L1), the low gear driven gear (C8), the high gear driving gear (C4), the high gear clutch (L2), the high gear driven gear (C9) and the third shaft (Z3); the second shaft (Z2) is not able to transmit power to the third shaft (Z3) when the low clutch (L1) and the high clutch (L2) are simultaneously disengaged; when the low clutch (L1) is engaged and the high clutch (L2) is disengaged, the second shaft (Z2) transmits power to the third shaft (Z3) at a low gear ratio (i 1); when the high clutch (L2) is engaged and the low clutch (L1) is disengaged, the second shaft (Z2) transmits power to the third shaft (Z3) at a high gear ratio (i 2).
3. A variable speed drive for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the first adapter (J1) is selected from one of the following mechanisms: a synchronizer-type separation/engagement mechanism, or a bite-type separation/engagement mechanism, or a jaw-type separation/engagement mechanism.
4. A variable speed drive for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the second adapter (J2) is selected from one of the following mechanisms: a synchronizer-type separation/engagement mechanism, or a bite-type separation/engagement mechanism, or a jaw-type separation/engagement mechanism.
5. A variable speed drive for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the low clutch (L1) is a wet multi-plate friction clutch.
6. A variable speed drive for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the high clutch (L2) is a wet multi-plate friction clutch.
7. A variable speed drive for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic pump (HB) is a bidirectional variable displacement axial plunger pump, the maximum positive displacement of the hydraulic pump is Dbmax, the maximum reverse displacement of the hydraulic pump is-Dbmax, and the displacement of the hydraulic pump is in a range of-Dbmax-0-Dbmax for stepless regulation; when the displacement Db of the hydraulic pump (HB) is adjusted to be 0, the first pump oil port (b1) and the second pump oil port (b2) do not have suction and discharge effects on oil, and the flow rate passing through the hydraulic pump (HB) is zero; when the displacement of the hydraulic pump (HB) is adjusted from zero to Dbmax, the hydraulic pump (HB) is sucked from the first pump port (b1) and discharges oil from the second pump port (b2) at a hydraulic pump forward flow rate (Qp), and when the displacement of the hydraulic pump (HB) is adjusted to Dbmax, the flow sucked from the first pump port (b1) and discharged from the second pump port (b2) reaches its maximum flow rate; when the displacement of the hydraulic pump (HB) is adjusted from zero to-Dbmax, the hydraulic pump (HB) is sucked from the pump second port (b2) and discharges oil from the pump first port (b1) at a hydraulic pump reverse flow (Qn), and when the displacement of the hydraulic pump (HB) is adjusted to-Dbmax, the reverse pump flow sucked from the pump first port (b1) and discharged from the pump second port (b2) reaches a flow maximum value.
8. A variable speed drive for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the Hydraulic Motor (HM) is a bidirectional constant displacement axial plunger motor, the motor shaft (Zm) is driven to rotate in the forward direction and the rotation speed of the motor shaft (Zm) is in direct proportion to the forward flow (Qp) of the hydraulic pump when the first oil port (m1) of the motor is supplied with liquid at the forward flow (Qp) of the hydraulic pump, and the motor shaft (Zm) is driven to rotate in the reverse direction and the rotation speed of the motor shaft (Zm) is in direct proportion to the reverse flow (Qn) of the hydraulic pump when the second oil port (m2) of the motor is supplied with liquid at the reverse flow (Qn) of the hydraulic pump.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910166293.3A CN109723787B (en) | 2019-03-06 | 2019-03-06 | Variable speed transmission device for vehicle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910166293.3A CN109723787B (en) | 2019-03-06 | 2019-03-06 | Variable speed transmission device for vehicle |
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| CN109723787A CN109723787A (en) | 2019-05-07 |
| CN109723787B true CN109723787B (en) | 2020-05-19 |
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| CN111946799A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-17 | 重庆大江智防特种装备有限公司 | Automobile power transmission case |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1005353B (en) * | 1985-10-10 | 1989-10-04 | 株式会社岛津制作所 | Hydraulic-mechanical speed variator |
| EP0282010B1 (en) * | 1987-03-09 | 1992-06-03 | Hydromatik GmbH | Driving device consisting of a motor with changing numbers of revolution, a variable hydrostatic transmission and a shifting device |
| DE3807599A1 (en) * | 1988-03-08 | 1989-09-28 | Hydromatik Gmbh | AUTOMOTIVE DRIVE DEVICE FOR MACHINES AND VEHICLES |
| US5890981A (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 1999-04-06 | Caterpillar Inc. | Hydromechanical transmission having three planetaries and five members |
| CN103982652B (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2016-08-17 | 合肥工业大学 | Power transfer confluxes variable speed drive |
| CN106838196B (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2019-01-29 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of dynamic branch device and split path transmission device for vehicle |
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