CN109717355A - A kind of preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis - Google Patents
A kind of preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN109717355A CN109717355A CN201910175568.XA CN201910175568A CN109717355A CN 109717355 A CN109717355 A CN 109717355A CN 201910175568 A CN201910175568 A CN 201910175568A CN 109717355 A CN109717355 A CN 109717355A
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- cordyceps sinensis
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis, it is related to cordyceps sinensis technical field of preservation of fresh, preservation method of the present invention obtains the first precooling object the following steps are included: fresh cordyceps sinensis is stood 10~60min by (1) at 5~10cm of liquid nitrogen liquid level vertical range；(2) the first precooling object is stood into 5~60min in the just discontiguous position of liquid nitrogen liquid level, obtains the second precooling object；(3) the second precooling object is immersed in liquid nitrogen and is saved.The chilling rate of preservation method of the present invention is fast and can realize protection to active principle simultaneously; the quality of fresh cordyceps sinensis can be kept not significantly change in a long time without adding auxiliary substance; material drying loss is small; equipment is relied on lower; it is easy to operate, the fresh cordyceps sinensis in source area preferably it is fresh-keeping.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cordyceps sinensis technical field of preservation of fresh more particularly to a kind of preservation methods of fresh cordyceps sinensis.
Background technique
The growth of natural cordyceps is extremely harsh to ecological geographical conditions, can only high and cold grass more than height above sea level 3000m
The growth of pasture area.Due to lacking effective fresh cordyceps sinensis place of production preservation technology, limited by Habitat producing condition, in order to reduce
Loss of the fresh cordyceps sinensis in the transportational process from the place of production to factory, fresh cordyceps sinensis are at source processed in a manner of natural drying etc.
At dry cordyceps sinensis, then transports to factory and carry out advanced treating.
The missing of place of production preservation method technology, causes:
1, product form is single: cordyceps sinensis product is based on dry products, lack of diversity, is not able to satisfy people to the winter
The demand of worm summer grass product form.
2, effective component is destroyed, pharmacological activity decline: pharmaceutical research shows compared with dry cordyceps sinensis, fresh
Cordyceps sinensis all has better effects in terms of the pharmacological actions such as immunological regulation, antitumor, anti-oxidant.
3, transport loss is excessively high: the limitation of Habitat producing condition, the dry processing of primary, dry product transport, secondary operation etc.
Process leads to " disconnected grass ", and rate increases, and the transport of fresh cordyceps sinensis will lead to and rot.
Currently, being concentrated mainly on preservation by low temperature, quick-freezing fresh-keeping, controlled atmosphere for the research of cordyceps sinensis store and processing
Deng.The principle of cordyceps sinensis preservation by low temperature is mainly the respiration for inhibiting living cells, the metabolism for reducing cell, and low temperature is protected
The temperature for depositing cordyceps sinensis is normally controlled in -3~-10 DEG C.The temperature of quick-freezing fresh-keeping is normally controlled in -80 DEG C.Controlled atmosphere
Principle is to obtain the regulating gas different from normal atmosphere component, suppression by various regulative modes in certain closed system
System leads to the activity of corrupt physiological and biochemical procedure and microorganism.In addition, deepening continuously with the fresh-keeping research of fresh cordyceps sinensis, mesh
The generation of the preceding intelligent fresh-keeping system for having had been reported that fresh cordyceps sinensis is simultaneously applied in practice, mainly passes through intelligent program
Regulate and control cold storing and fresh-keeping temperature, time, the parameters such as humidity, from cell level keep fresh cordyceps sinensis fresh vitality and nutrition at
Point.But above-mentioned preservation technology is higher to the dependence of freshness preserving equipment, operation is relatively complicated, and it is fresh-keeping and new to be unsuitable for source area
Fresh cordyceps sinensis cannot save for a long time.
Chinese patent CN 106720232A (storing and fresh-keeping method of fresh cordyceps sinensis) discloses a kind of fresh cordyceps sinensis
Preservation method cleans fresh cordyceps sinensis with 5~10 DEG C of water, is classified to the fresh cordyceps sinensis after cleaning, according to
Different humidity after the different quality classification of fresh cordyceps sinensis respectively at -3~-10 DEG C is saved.This method uses low temperature
Cleaning reduces effective component and is lost, and it is fresh-keeping to improve to carry out the preservation of different condition by the quality grading to fresh cordyceps sinensis
Effect extends fresh keeping time, reduces water loss.But this method needs the continuous service of refrigerating equipment, to device dependence
Greatly, it is not suitable for the fresh cordyceps sinensis in source area fresh-keeping needs on the spot.
Summary of the invention
The present invention mentions to overcome existing fresh cordyceps sinensis preserving type to device dependence height, cumbersome defect
A kind of preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis that suitable source area is fresh-keeping has been supplied, it is small to device dependence, it is easy to operate, it protects for a long time
Fresh fresh cordyceps sinensis quality is good.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of preservation methods of fresh cordyceps sinensis, comprising the following steps:
(1) fresh cordyceps sinensis is stood to 10~60min at 5~10cm of liquid nitrogen liquid level vertical range, obtains the first pre-cooling
Freeze object；
(2) the first precooling object is stood into 5~60min in the just discontiguous position of liquid nitrogen liquid level, obtains the second pre-cooling
Freeze object；
(3) the second precooling object is immersed in liquid nitrogen and is saved.
Preferably, the time of the standing in the step (1) is 30~55min.
Preferably, in the step (2), the just discontiguous position of liquid nitrogen liquid level are as follows: it is vertical with liquid nitrogen liquid level away from
The position of liquid nitrogen liquid level is not contacted from < 5mm and.
Preferably, the time of the standing in the step (2) is 13~20min.
Preferably, in step (1), the fresh cordyceps sinensis is that acquisition time is no more than the winter worm not being dried for 24 hours and
Summer grass.
Preferably, in step (1), the fresh cordyceps sinensis is cleaned before standing.
Preferably, the cleaning agent used that cleans includes water and/or sodium chloride solution.
Preferably, the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 0.10~0.20mol/L.
Preferably, the method for the cleaning includes ultrasonic cleaning.
Preferably, the power of the ultrasonic cleaning is 250~1200W, and the frequency of ultrasonic cleaning is 40kHz~120kHz,
The number of ultrasonic cleaning is 2~5 times, and the time being cleaned by ultrasonic every time independently is 5~10min.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
1) chilling rate is fast: the present invention carries out the fresh-keeping of fresh cordyceps sinensis using liquid nitrogen, and chilling rate is generally to freeze
30~40 times or so of method can make food run through 0~5 DEG C of maximum ice-crystal growth band；Meanwhile the present invention is used and is gradually connect
The mode of nearly liquid nitrogen slows down chilling rate again to a certain extent, prevents active principle caused by the too fast cooling of fresh cordyceps sinensis
Loss.
2) without ancillary additions matter, holding food quality: the preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis of the present invention is without addition
The ancillary additions such as any antistaling agent can keep the worm summer in winter since the method for the invention cooling rate is fast to the maximum extent
Color and nutritive value under fresh state.
3) material drying loss is small: the drying loss loss late generally freezed is 3~6%, and the present invention is quick-frozen using liquid nitrogen progress, can
Material drying loss is reduced to 0.25~0.5%.
4) easy to operate, equipment degree of dependence is low: existing fresh cordyceps sinensis preservation method (such as controlled atmosphere, low temperature
It is fresh-keeping etc.) it is more demanding to control of temperature and humidity, and fresh-keeping freezing equipment needs continued power, is unsuitable for cordyceps sinensis source area
Facility, appointed condition；And preservation method of the present invention does not need continued power, the liquid nitrogen antistaling container of method core can
For unregulated power environment, the fresh cordyceps sinensis in source area preferably it is fresh-keeping.
5) fresh keeping time is long: compared with the conventional method, the method for the present invention is more suitable for the long-period freshness preserving of fresh cordyceps sinensis, special
As long as not being to carry out fresh-keeping cordyceps sinensis using the method for the invention not being removed from liquid nitrogen that can be both always maintained at its fresh
The qualities such as color, smell and taste, fresh keeping time is longer, and the advantage of the method for the invention is more obvious.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of preservation methods of fresh cordyceps sinensis, comprising the following steps:
(1) fresh cordyceps sinensis is stood to 10~60min at 5~10cm of liquid nitrogen liquid level vertical range, obtains the first pre-cooling
Freeze object；
(2) the first precooling object is stood into 5~60min in the just discontiguous position of liquid nitrogen liquid level, obtains the second pre-cooling
Freeze object；
(3) the second precooling object is immersed in liquid nitrogen and is saved.
Fresh cordyceps sinensis of the present invention refers to that acquisition time is no more than the cordyceps sinensis not being dried for 24 hours and.This hair
The bright preservation method is to protect the quality of fresh cordyceps sinensis not significantly change.
Fresh cordyceps sinensis is stood 10~60min by the present invention at 5~10cm of liquid nitrogen liquid level vertical range, and it is pre- to obtain first
Frozen material.
In the present invention, the vertical range is preferably 6~9cm；In the present invention, the time of repose be preferably 30~
55min, more preferably 40~50min.The present invention is to the mode how fresh cordyceps sinensis is rested on to liquid nitrogen liquid level vertical direction
Particular determination is not done, such as hovers over liquid level vertical direction or platform is set and place etc..
Fresh cordyceps sinensis of the present invention is preferably cleaned before standing, and the cleaning agent of the cleaning preferably includes
Water or sodium chloride solution.The purpose that the present invention cleans fresh cordyceps sinensis is in order to remove the impurity such as silt, without cleaning
The fresh-keeping effect of preservation method of the present invention can be achieved.In the present invention, the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is preferably 0.10
~0.20mol/L, more preferably 0.15mol/L.
In the present invention, the method for the cleaning is preferably cleaned by ultrasonic, using ultrasonic wave cavitation in a liquid,
Acceleration effect and direct flow effect to liquid and dirt directly, indirectly effect, make crud layer by dispersion, emulsification, removing and
Reach and rapidly and efficiently clean fresh cordyceps sinensis surface risk pollutant purpose, Conventional cleaning methods is avoided to damage in the process of cleaning
Sample surfaces.Currently preferred, the power of the ultrasonic cleaning is 250~1200W；More preferably 600~900W.The present invention
Preferably, the frequency of the ultrasonic cleaning is preferably 40kHz~120kHz；More preferably 70~80kHz.It is currently preferred,
The number of the ultrasonic cleaning is preferably 2~5 times, and more preferably 3 times；The present invention is it is further preferred that be every time cleaned by ultrasonic
Time independently is 5~10min, is still more preferably 6~8min.
After obtaining the first precooling object, the present invention stands the first precooling object in the just discontiguous position of liquid nitrogen liquid level
5~60min obtains the second precooling object.In the present invention, the just discontiguous position of the liquid nitrogen liquid level is preferred are as follows: with liquid
Nitrogen liquid level vertical range < 5mm and the position for not contacting liquid nitrogen liquid level.In the present invention, the time of the standing be preferably 13~
20min。
After obtaining the second precooling object, the second precooling object is immersed in liquid nitrogen and saves by the present invention.The present invention by by
The mode of tapered short liquid nitrogen distance is fresh-keeping to the progress of fresh cordyceps sinensis, and the mesh being rapidly frozen on the one hand may be implemented using liquid nitrogen
, with into spending 0~5 DEG C of maximum ice-crystal growth band fastly；On the other hand it can also slow down certain chilling rate, prevent rapid cooling
The loss of active principle caused by freezing.To realize under the fresh state for maintaining fresh cordyceps sinensis in longer fresh keeping time
Color and nutritive value.
Technical solution provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment, but they cannot be understood
For limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Three head of the cordyceps sinensis, stroma and polypide positions are successively cleaned with linear flowing water；Flowing water is cleaned
Cordyceps sinensis afterwards is placed in pure water, and ultrasonic cleaning 3 times (250W, 40k Hz, are cleaned 10min/ times by 5 DEG C)；By cleaning and wiping
Dry cordyceps sinensis is placed at liquid nitrogen surface 5cm, keeps 10min, is transferred to away from 5min is placed at liquid nitrogen surface 1mm, so
After be placed in liquid nitrogen and save.
Embodiment 2
Three head of the cordyceps sinensis, stroma and polypide positions are successively cleaned with linear flowing water；Flowing water is cleaned
Cordyceps sinensis afterwards is placed in 0.15mol/L sodium chloride solution, ultrasonic cleaning 4 (1200W, 120k Hz, 10 DEG C, cleanings
5min/ times)；The cordyceps sinensis that cleaning is dried is placed at liquid nitrogen surface 10cm, 60min is kept, transfers to away from liquid nitrogen
60min is placed at the 2mm of face, is then placed into liquid nitrogen and is saved.
Embodiment 3
Three head of the cordyceps sinensis, stroma and polypide positions are successively cleaned with linear flowing water；Flowing water is cleaned
Cordyceps sinensis afterwards is placed in pure water, and ultrasonic cleaning 5 times (800W, 90k Hz, 0 DEG C are cleaned 8min/ times)；By cleaning and wiping
Dry cordyceps sinensis is placed at liquid nitrogen surface 8cm, keeps 30min, is transferred to away from placement 30min at liquid nitrogen surface 1.5mm,
It is then placed into liquid nitrogen and saves.
Embodiment 4
Three head of the cordyceps sinensis, stroma and polypide positions are successively cleaned with linear flowing water；Flowing water is cleaned
Cordyceps sinensis afterwards is placed in 0.15mol/L sodium chloride solution, ultrasonic cleaning 4 (600W, 80k Hz, 8 DEG C, cleanings
10min/ times)；The cordyceps sinensis that cleaning is dried is placed at liquid nitrogen surface 6cm, 40min is kept, transfers to away from liquid nitrogen
20min is placed at the 1mm of face, is then placed into liquid nitrogen and is saved.
Embodiment 5
Three head of the cordyceps sinensis, stroma and polypide positions are successively cleaned with linear flowing water；Flowing water is cleaned
Cordyceps sinensis afterwards is placed in pure water, and ultrasonic cleaning 2 times (900W, 70k Hz, 3 DEG C are cleaned 6min/ times)；By cleaning and wiping
Dry cordyceps sinensis is placed at liquid nitrogen surface 9cm, keeps 55min, is transferred to away from 13min is placed at liquid nitrogen surface 4mm, so
After be placed in liquid nitrogen and save.
Embodiment 6
Three head of the cordyceps sinensis, stroma and polypide positions are successively cleaned with linear flowing water；Flowing water is cleaned
Cordyceps sinensis afterwards is placed in pure water, and ultrasonic cleaning 2 times (600W, 90k Hz, are cleaned 5min/ times by 5 DEG C)；By cleaning and wiping
Dry cordyceps sinensis is placed at liquid nitrogen surface 5cm, keeps 10min, is transferred to away from 10min is placed at liquid nitrogen surface 1mm, so
After be placed in liquid nitrogen and save.
Comparative example 1
" storing and fresh-keeping method of fresh cordyceps sinensis " recorded according to Chinese patent 201611222582.3 is to the fresh winter worm summer
Grass carries out fresh-keeping:
The fresh cordyceps sinensis just excavated is taken, is cleaned under 5 DEG C of environment temperatures with 5 DEG C of water respectively, then in 8 DEG C of environment
Under be less than 0.5g, 0.5~1.0g by weight, fall into three classes greater than 1.0g.
Cordyceps sinensis by weight less than 0.5g saves under -5 DEG C, 75% damp condition；
The cordyceps sinensis of 0.5~1.0g of weight is saved under -7 DEG C, 70% damp condition；
Cordyceps sinensis by weight greater than 1.0g saves under -10 DEG C, 60% damp condition.
Embodiment 7
1, process is tested
It is taken respectively less than 0.5g, 0.5~1.0g and greater than fresh cordyceps sinensis each 60 of tri- specifications of 1.0g, each specification
Cordyceps sinensis is randomly divided into 2 groups respectively: wherein one group of method using comparative example 1 carries out fresh-keeping, is denoted as preservation by low temperature group；It is another
Group is fresh-keeping using the method progress of embodiment 6, is denoted as fresh-keeping group of liquid nitrogen.When saving the 75th day, the 150th day, the 300th day, respectively
Group separately sampled 10, evaluate its color, hardness, water content and SOD enzyme activity.
Color, hardness evaluation method: evaluation personnel forms evaluation group by 10 postgraduates of TCM specialty, under
The judgment criteria of table, color and hardness to fresh-keeping cordyceps sinensis sample make evaluation.
The water content of fresh-keeping cordyceps sinensis is measured using food water analyzer, and SOD enzyme activity uses superoxides
Mutase (SOD) Activity Assay Kit measures under xanthine (Xanthine)/xanthine oxidase (XOD) system condition.
The results are shown in Table 1, when saving the 75th day, the 150th day, the 300th day, the method for the present invention fresh-keeping worm summer in winter
Grass, color, hardness, water content and in terms of, it is fresh-keeping to be superior to 201611222582.3 method of Chinese patent
Cordyceps sinensis, especially with the extension of fresh keeping time, the method for the present invention advantage is more obvious.
1 preservation by low temperature of table and the fresh-keeping contrast and experiment of liquid nitrogen
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preservation method of fresh cordyceps sinensis, comprising the following steps:
(1) fresh cordyceps sinensis is stood to 10~60min at 5~10cm of liquid nitrogen liquid level vertical range, obtains the first precooling object；
(2) the first precooling object is stood into 5~60min in the just discontiguous position of liquid nitrogen liquid level, obtains the second precooling object；
(3) the second precooling object is immersed in liquid nitrogen and is saved.
2. preservation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the time of the standing in the step (1) be 30~
55min。
3. preservation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (2), the liquid nitrogen liquid level is just not
The position of contact are as follows: do not contact with liquid nitrogen liquid level vertical range < 5mm and the position of liquid nitrogen liquid level.
4. preservation method according to claim 1 or 3, which is characterized in that the time of the standing in the step (2) is 13
~20min.
5. preservation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), when the fresh cordyceps sinensis is acquisition
Between be no more than the cordyceps sinensis that is not dried for 24 hours and.
6. preservation method according to claim 1 or 5, which is characterized in that in step (1), the fresh cordyceps sinensis is quiet
It is cleaned before setting.
7. preservation method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that it is described clean the cleaning agent that uses include water and/or
Sodium chloride solution.
8. preservation method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the concentration of the sodium chloride solution be 0.10~
0.20mol/L。
9. preservation method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the method for the cleaning includes ultrasonic cleaning.
10. preservation method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the power of the ultrasonic cleaning is 250~1200W,
The frequency of ultrasonic cleaning is 40kHz~120kHz, and the number of ultrasonic cleaning is 2~5 times, and the time being cleaned by ultrasonic every time is independently
For 5~10min.
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