CN109709078B - Transmission-type atmospheric visibility measuring device and method based on single photon detection technology - Google Patents
Transmission-type atmospheric visibility measuring device and method based on single photon detection technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a transmission-type atmospheric visibility measuring device and method based on a single photon detection technology. The device comprises a light source module, a light path module, a light detection module and a control module. The method is characterized in that a light source acts on a light path module after being modulated by high-speed pulses, one part of incident light is used as reference light, one part of incident light is used as a transmission light signal after being extinguished by atmosphere, and the atmospheric visibility is obtained through calculation of a light detection module and a control module. The invention can carry out high-precision measurement on optical signals and realize the accurate measurement of atmospheric visibility in a wide range. Meanwhile, reference light, transmitted light and ambient stray light are distinguished through the flight time of the optical signal, and the anti-interference capability and the measurement accuracy of the system are improved. In addition, the invention adopts the light path self-correcting structure, thereby reducing the complexity of light path debugging, reducing the field installation requirement and increasing the practicability. The invention can be applied to the industries of meteorological stations, airports, highways, ports, atmospheric environment monitoring and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric visibility measurement, in particular to a transmission type atmospheric visibility measuring device and method based on a single photon detection technology.
Background
Atmospheric visibility is one of the important meteorological parameters, which reflects the degree of transparency of the atmosphere. In recent years, due to serious air pollution, local and transient heavy haze weather appears in many areas, so that the visibility of the atmosphere is extremely low, and the air pollution has important influence on public transportation such as land transportation, shipping and sea transportation and the health of people. Therefore, real-time quantitative measurement of atmospheric visibility is of great significance.
At present, the measurement of atmospheric visibility is mainly divided into two categories, namely visual measurement and instrument measurement. The visual observation refers to manual observation, and the visual observation results are greatly different due to different observation conditions, such as the height of an observation point, the observation range, the eyesight of an observer, training and psychological states, and the like. Among the commonly used measuring instruments, the transmission-type visibility meter is most suitable for visibility definition, and is an optimal visibility measuring device. However, the conventional transmission-type visibility meter is limited in high visibility measurement accuracy by the length of the base line. Through the calculation of a measurement theory, under the condition that the base line has the length of 80 meters, if the visibility is 10 kilometers, the error of a measured value of the visibility is required to be within 10 percent, the measurement precision of the transmittance must be within 3 per thousand, and the measurement system which runs in an external field for a long time has overhigh precision requirement and overhigh realization cost. Meanwhile, the measurement baseline cannot be too long, because the transmittance is too low and the transmission light source signal is weak under the condition of low visibility, the measurement effect is also influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transmission-type atmospheric visibility measuring device and method based on a single photon detection technology, which can make up the defects of the existing transmission-type atmospheric visibility measuring technology and solve the problems of narrow measuring range, high field installation requirement and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a transmission-type atmospheric visibility measuring device based on single photon detection technology comprises a light source module, a light path module, a light detection module and a control module.
Specifically, the light source module comprises an oscillator, a light source driver and a light source which are connected in sequence.
The light path module comprises a collimating lens, a spectroscope and a corner reflector which are sequentially arranged on a light source output light path, a total reflecting mirror, a first focusing lens, a first light filter, a first diaphragm, a second focusing lens, a second light filter and a second diaphragm which are sequentially arranged on a corner reflector reflecting light path, and a third focusing lens, a third light filter, a third diaphragm, a first protective mirror and a second protective mirror which are sequentially arranged on the total reflector reflecting light path.
The optical detection module comprises a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector and a single-photon detector; the input end of the first photoelectric detector is connected with the emergent end of the first diaphragm; the input end of the second photoelectric detector is connected with the emergent end of the second diaphragm; and the input end of the single-photon detector is connected with the emergent end of the third diaphragm.
The control module comprises a controller, a display module and a storage module; the input end of the controller is respectively connected with the output end of the first photoelectric detector, the output end of the second photoelectric detector, the output end of the single-photon detector and the output end of the oscillator; the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the input end of the single photon detector, the input end of the display module and the input end of the storage module.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a corner reflector posture adjusting mechanism, wherein the input end of the corner reflector posture adjusting mechanism is connected with the output end of the controller, and the output end of the corner reflector posture adjusting mechanism is connected with the corner reflector.
Further, the light source adopts a laser diode, and the wavelength of the light source is 850 nm. The light source driver can generate high-speed pulses for driving the light source, and meanwhile, an APC control circuit is adopted to stabilize the output power of the light source.
Further, the beam splitting ratio (i.e. reflection: transmission) of the beam splitter is less than 0.1.
Furthermore, two round holes which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom are formed in the total reflection mirror.
Furthermore, the single photon detector works in a Geiger mode and has the capability of detecting single photons. The first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector both adopt PIN photoelectric detectors.
Furthermore, the first protective mirror and the second protective mirror are both flat glass sheets, and the outer surfaces of the flat glass sheets are plated with infrared antireflection films and hydrophobic films.
The invention also relates to a measuring method of the transmission-type atmospheric visibility measuring device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the oscillator outputs signals, acts on the light source driver and generates high-speed pulse signals; the high-speed pulse signal acts on the light source to generate high-speed pulse modulated light.
(2) After the high-speed pulse modulated light passes through the collimating lens and the beam splitter, a part of light enters the corner reflector, is reflected by the corner reflector and the full reflector, passes through the third focusing lens, the third optical filter and the third diaphragm as transmitted light and is received by the single photon detector, and the other part of light passes through the full reflector and then passes through the third focusing lens, the third optical filter and the third diaphragm as reference light and is received by the single photon detector.
(3) When the first photoelectric detector detects an optical signal, the controller controls the posture adjusting mechanism of the corner reflector to drive the corner reflector to move along the X positive direction so as to correct the optical path; when the second photoelectric detector detects the optical signal, the controller controls the posture adjusting mechanism of the corner reflector to drive the corner reflector to move along the negative X direction so as to correct the optical path.
(4) When neither the first photodetector nor the second photodetector detects the optical signal: the controller starts to receive the output signal of the oscillator as a reference clock, and delays for a time t1Starting the single photon detector for t seconds after the second; the single photon detector receives the reference beam and generates corresponding electric pulse signal with delay time t2Starting the single photon detector for t seconds after the second; the single photon detector receives the transmitted light beam and generates corresponding electric pulse signals with delay time t3Starting the single photon detector for t seconds after the second; the single photon detector receives ambient light and generates corresponding electric pulse signals; the counter inside the controller counts the reference light, the transmitted light and the electric pulse signal of the environment light separately, and the counted values are N0、NrAnd NnAnd the conversion from the light intensity of the optical signal to the photon counting value is realized.
(5) Repeating the above steps (1)(4) the controller completes measurement of a plurality of periods by adopting a formula
Calculating an atmospheric visibility value MOR, storing a calculation result in a storage module, and displaying the calculation result on a display module; where L is the baseline length, k is the system constant of the device, N0、Nr、NnThe electric pulse signal count values of the reference light, the transmitted light and the ambient light are respectively.
Further, in step (4), the delay time t1、t2、t3The second is set by taking the output signal of the oscillator as a reference clock and calculating the light flight time of the reference light beam and the transmitted light beam to distinguish reference light, transmitted light and ambient light, wherein t1<t2<t3，t<t2-t1And t is<t3-t2，t1Is the sum of the signal delay time and the time of flight of the reference beam, t2Is the transmitted beam time of flight.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts single photon detection technology, can realize high-sensitivity, high-precision and wide-linear-range measurement of optical signals, and can make up the defect that the existing transmission-type visibility meter is limited by the length of a base line in high-visibility measurement precision.
(2) The invention adopts a total reflection mirror, simultaneously receives reference light, transmission light and ambient stray light by using the same single photon detector, and distinguishes the reference light, the transmission light and the ambient stray light by calculating the light flight time of an optical signal, thereby improving the anti-interference capability and the measurement accuracy of the system.
(3) The invention adopts the light path self-correcting structure, reduces the complexity of light path debugging, reduces the field installation requirement and increases the practicability.
(4) The invention adopts the double-baseline measurement method of the corner reflector, increases the length of the measured baseline, improves the measurement precision of the transmission method, and simultaneously avoids the complicated light path adjustment during installation due to the reflection characteristic of the corner reflector; in structural design, the light source transmitting end and the two signal receiving ends can be designed into a whole, so that the structure and the measurement circuit are simplified.
(5) The invention adopts the first protective mirror and the second protective mirror, ensures that other optical devices in the optical path module are prevented from being polluted, simultaneously improves the transmittance of 850nm light by the 850nm infrared antireflection film plated on the outer surface of the glass sheet of the protective mirror, and reduces the possibility of water drops or water films on the surface of the protective mirror due to rain or condensation of water vapor in the air by the plated hydrophobic film.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a transmission-type atmospheric visibility measuring device based on detection technology in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of measuring in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a statistical representation of the measurement results of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a signal timing diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the corner reflector of the present invention.
Wherein:
1. a light source module 11, an oscillator 12, a light source driver 13, a light source 2, a light path module 21, a collimating lens 22, a beam splitter 23a, an angle reflector 23b, an angle reflector attitude adjusting mechanism 24, a total reflection mirror 25a, a first focusing lens 25b, a second focusing lens 25c, a third focusing lens 26a, a first optical filter 26b, a second optical filter 26c, a third optical filter 27a, a first diaphragm 27b, a second diaphragm 27c, a third diaphragm 27d, a total reflection mirror reflection optical path 28a, a light source output optical path 28b, a reference beam 28c, an angle reflection optical path 29a, a first protection mirror 29b, a second protection mirror 3, a light detection module 31, a single photon detector 32, a first photodetector 33, a second photodetector 4, a control module, 41. controller, 42, display module, 43, storage module.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the transmission-type atmospheric visibility measuring apparatus based on single photon detection technology includes a light source module 1, a light path module 2, a light detection module 3, and a control module 4.
Specifically, the light source module 1 includes an oscillator 11, a light source driver 12, and a light source 13, which are connected in sequence.
The light path module 2 comprises a collimating lens 21, a beam splitter 22 and a corner reflector 23a which are sequentially arranged on a light source output light path 28a, a total reflection mirror 24, a first focusing lens 25a, a first optical filter 26a, a first diaphragm 27a, a second focusing lens 25b, a second optical filter 26b and a second diaphragm 27b which are sequentially arranged on a reflection light path 28c of the corner reflector 23a, a third focusing lens 25c, a third optical filter 26c, a third diaphragm 27c, a first protective mirror 29a and a second protective mirror 29b which are sequentially arranged on a reflection light path 27d of the total reflection mirror 24. The apparatus further includes a corner mirror attitude adjusting mechanism 23b for adjusting the position of the corner mirror to ensure the accuracy of the optical path. In order to be matched with the angle reflector posture adjusting mechanism for use, the fully reflecting mirror 24 is provided with two round holes which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and used for monitoring the displacement of the angle reflector 23a along the X direction, and the two round holes are respectively an upper hole and a lower hole. The light emitting end and the light reflecting end of the transmission type atmosphere visibility meter are respectively positioned on two foundations with a longer distance. When the single-photon detector works for a long time, factors such as temperature, humidity and vibration in the environment can affect the foundation, so that the reflecting end and the reflecting end are slightly inclined, the accurate alignment of a light path is affected, reflected light is deviated out of a light receiving area of the single-photon detector, and measurement errors are caused. Therefore, the present invention employs two PIN photodetectors (the first photodetector 32 and the second photodetector 33) and corresponding focusing lenses, filters and diaphragms to collect reflected light passing through two circular holes above and below the half mirror 24 due to optical path deviation, and based on this, the position of the corner mirror 23a is adjusted by the corner mirror attitude adjusting mechanism 23 b. Specifically, after the first photodetector 32 receives the reflected light signal through the upper hole of the half mirror, the corner mirror attitude adjustment mechanism 23b drives the corner mirror 23a to move in the X-axis forward direction; when the second photodetector 33 receives the reflected light signal through the lower hole of the half mirror, the corner mirror attitude adjusting mechanism 23b drives the corner mirror 23a to move in the negative direction of the X axis. In addition, instead of providing a circular hole in the half mirror 24, a half mirror having a small size may be used, so that when the position of the corner mirror 23a is inaccurate, light passes through the upper side or the lower side of the half mirror 24 without passing through the half mirror 24 and is detected by the first or second photodetector.
The optical detection module 3 comprises a first photoelectric detector 32, a second photoelectric detector 33 and a single-photon detector 31, wherein the input end of the first photoelectric detector 32 is connected with the emergent end of the first diaphragm 27a, the output end of the first photoelectric detector 32 is connected with a controller 41, the input end of the second photoelectric detector 33 is connected with the emergent end of the second diaphragm 27b, the output end of the second photoelectric detector 33 is connected with the controller 41, the input end of the single-photon detector 31 is connected with the emergent end of the third diaphragm 27c, and the output end of the single-photon detector 31 is connected with the controller 41.
The control module 4 comprises a controller 41, a display module 42 and a storage module 43, wherein the input end of the controller 41 is connected with the output ends of the first photoelectric detector 32, the second photoelectric detector 33, the single-photon detector 31 and the oscillator 11, and the output end of the controller 41 is connected with the input ends of the single-photon detector 31, the display module 42, the storage module 43 and the corner mirror attitude adjusting mechanism 23 b.
In this embodiment, the oscillator 11 generates a square wave signal with a frequency of 1MHz and a duty ratio of 50% to act on the light source driver; the light source driver 12 generates a high-speed pulse signal having a frequency of 1MHz and a pulse width of 200ns to act on the light source 13, and at the same time, an APC control circuit is used to stabilize the output power of the light source 13. The light source 13 employs a 850nm laser diode. The beam splitter 22 was a thin film beam splitter model BP108 from Thorlabs, with a beam splitting ratio of 8: 92. The first filter 26a, the second filter 26b and the third filter 26c adopt a bandpass filter with a central wavelength of 850nm, the bandwidth is +/-10 nm, and the transmittance is greater than 90%. The diaphragm apertures of the first diaphragm 27a, the second diaphragm 27b, and the third diaphragm 27c are 2 mm. The first protective mirror 29a and the second protective mirror 29b are made of flat glass sheets with high transmittance, and the outer surfaces of the glass sheets are coated with 850nm infrared antireflection films and hydrophobic films by using a coating process. The single-photon detector adopts SPCM-AQRH-15 of PerkinElmer company, supplies power for 5V, has detection efficiency of 50% at 850nm red light, dark count of 50 counts per second, dead time of 20ns, maximum saturation count value of 40M/S, and outputs TTL compatible digital pulse signals with width of 8 ns. The controller 41 is programmed to control the entire apparatus, process signals, and compute data using an EP2C8Q208N chip of the Altera corporation Cyclone II series. The first photodetector 32 and the second photodetector 33 are PIN photodetectors, and have high sensitivity in the frequency band of the light source. The angle mirror attitude adjusting mechanism 23b adopts an LNR25ZFS type stepping motor displacement table of Thorlabs corporation, the maximum stroke of which is 25mm, the minimum displacement of which is 0.46nm, and the maximum speed of which is 2 mm/s.
The invention also relates to a transmission-type atmospheric visibility measuring method based on the single photon detection technology, as shown in figure 2, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the oscillator 11 outputs a square wave signal with a frequency of 1MHz and a duty ratio of 50%, and acts on the light source driver 12 to generate a high-speed pulse signal with a frequency of 1MHz and a pulse width of 200ns, which acts on the light source 13 to generate high-speed pulse modulated light.
(2) After the high-speed pulse modulated light passes through the collimating lens 21 and the beam splitter 22 with the beam splitting ratio of 8:92, a part of light 28a enters the corner reflector 23a, is reflected by the corner reflector 23a and the total reflection mirror 24, passes through the third focusing lens 25c, the third optical filter 26c and the third diaphragm 27c as transmitted light and is received by the single photon detector 31, and the other part of light passes through the total reflection mirror 24 and passes through the third focusing lens 25c, the third optical filter 26c and the third diaphragm 27c as reference light 28b and is received by the single photon detector 31.
(3) When the first photodetector 32 or the second photodetector 33 detects the optical signal, the controller 41 drives the corner mirror attitude adjusting mechanism 23b to drive the corner mirror to move along the X axis to correct the optical path. Specifically, the first photodetector 32 receives the optical signal and acts on the controller 41, and the controller 41 controls the corner mirror attitude adjusting mechanism 23b to drive the corner mirror 23a to move in the X forward direction to correct the optical path. The second photodetector 33 receives the optical signal and acts on the controller 41. The controller 41 controls the corner mirror attitude adjusting mechanism 23b to drive the corner mirror 23a to move in the negative X direction to correct the optical path.
(4) If neither the first photodetector 32 nor the second photodetector 33 detects the optical signal, the controller 41 starts receiving the output signal of the oscillator 11 as the reference clock, and delays for a time t1The single photon detector 31 is started for t seconds after the second, the single photon detector 31 receives the reference beam 28b and generates a corresponding electric pulse signal, and the time t is delayed2The single photon detector 31 is started for t seconds after the second, the single photon detector 31 receives the transmitted light beam 28d and generates a corresponding electric pulse signal, and the time t is delayed3Starting the single-photon detector 31 for t seconds after the second, and receiving the ambient light and generating a corresponding electric pulse signal by the single-photon detector 31; the counter in the controller 41 counts the electric pulse signals of the reference light, the transmitted light and the ambient light respectively, and the count values are respectively corresponding to N0、NrAnd NnAnd the conversion of the light intensity of the optical signal to the photon count value is realized, as shown in fig. 3.
(5) Repeating the steps (1) to (4), the controller 41 completes the measurement of a plurality of periods, and calculates the atmospheric visibility value MOR, and the calculation formula is as follows:
where L is the baseline length and k is the system constant of the device. And stores the calculation result in the storage module 42 and displays the calculation result on the display module 43.
Further, in step (4), the delay time t1、t2、t3The second is referenced to the oscillator 11 output signal. As shown in fig. 4, the reference beam 28b, the transmitted beam 28d, and the ambient light are set by calculating the time of flight of the light to distinguish between the reference light, the transmitted light, and the ambient light, where t1<t2<t3，t<t2-t1And t is<t3-t2，t1Is the sum of the signal delay time and the time of flight of the reference beam 28b, t2Time of flight for transmitted beam 28 d. In this embodiment, the base length L is 100 m, t1Take 4ns, t2Take 335ns, t3Take 500ns and t 250 ns.
As shown in fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the corner reflector 23a is regarded as a total reflection mirror with two vertically disposed sides, when parallel light enters the corner reflector 23a, the light returns in the original direction after being reflected for a plurality of times, and the reflected light 28c is parallel to the incident light 28 a; when the corner reflector 23a is rotated by a small angle θ around the point a due to a mounting error or the like, the position of the corner reflector 23a becomes as shown by the corner reflector 23a ', and according to the properties of the corner reflector, when 28a enters the corner reflector 23 a', the light is reflected back in the original direction after being reflected for a plurality of times, the reflected light 28c 'is parallel to the incident light 28a, and the reflected light 28 c' are overlapped, and the optical path lengths are also the same. Such a configuration is more stable than a planar mirror configuration, and the optical path is easier to adjust.
In conclusion, the invention can carry out high-precision measurement on the optical signal and realize the accurate measurement of atmospheric visibility in a wide range. Meanwhile, reference light, transmitted light and ambient stray light are distinguished through the flight time of the optical signal, and the anti-interference capability and the measurement accuracy of the system are improved. In addition, the invention adopts the light path self-correcting structure, thereby reducing the complexity of light path debugging, reducing the field installation requirement and increasing the practicability. The invention can be applied to the industries of meteorological stations, airports, highways, ports, atmospheric environment monitoring and the like.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Transmission-type atmospheric visibility measuring device based on single photon detection technique, its characterized in that: the device comprises a light source module, a light path module, a light detection module and a control module;
the light source module comprises an oscillator, a light source driver and a light source which are connected in sequence;
the light path module comprises a corner reflector posture adjusting mechanism, a collimating lens, a spectroscope and a corner reflector which are sequentially arranged on a light source output light path, a total reflection mirror arranged on a corner reflector reflection light path, a total reflection mirror sequentially arranged on a reflection light path of the spectroscope and a third focusing lens, a third optical filter and a third diaphragm which are sequentially arranged on the total reflection light path; the light path module further comprises a first protective mirror and a second protective mirror; the first protective mirror and the second protective mirror are arranged on a light source output light path between the spectroscope and the corner reflector and a corner reflector reflection light path on the front side of the total reflection mirror at intervals;
the total reflection mirror is provided with two round holes which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the light path module also comprises a first focusing lens, a first optical filter and a first diaphragm which are sequentially arranged on the corner reflector reflection light path along a circular hole above the full-reflecting mirror, and a second focusing lens, a second optical filter and a second diaphragm which are sequentially arranged on the corner reflector reflection light path along a circular hole below the full-reflecting mirror;
the optical detection module comprises a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector and a single-photon detector; the input end of the first photoelectric detector is connected with the emergent end of the first diaphragm; the input end of the second photoelectric detector is connected with the emergent end of the second diaphragm; the input end of the single-photon detector is connected with the emergent end of the third diaphragm;
light emitted by the light source is divided into two parts by the spectroscope after passing through the collimating lens, one part of the light is transmitted to the corner reflector through the spectroscope, is reflected by the corner reflector and the full reflector and then is received by the single photon detector as transmitted light after passing through the third focusing lens, the third optical filter and the third diaphragm, and the other part of the light is reflected by the spectroscope, passes through a round hole above the full reflector and then is received by the single photon detector as reference light after passing through the third focusing lens, the third optical filter and the third diaphragm;
when the first photoelectric detector detects an optical signal, the controller controls the posture adjusting mechanism of the corner reflector to drive the corner reflector to move along the X positive direction so as to correct the optical path; when the second photoelectric detector detects an optical signal, the controller controls the posture adjusting mechanism of the corner reflector to drive the corner reflector to move along the negative X direction so as to correct the optical path; the X forward direction is the light reflecting direction of the full reflector;
the control module comprises a controller, a display module and a storage module; the input end of the controller is respectively connected with the output end of the first photoelectric detector, the output end of the second photoelectric detector, the output end of the single-photon detector and the output end of the oscillator; the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the input end of the single photon detector, the input end of the display module and the input end of the storage module;
when the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector do not detect the optical signal, the controller controls the single-photon detector to receive the reference light, the transmission light and the environment light, distinguishes the reference light, the transmission light and the environment light by calculating the optical flight time of the optical signal, and adopts a formula
Calculating an atmospheric visibility value MOR, storing a calculation result in a storage module, and displaying the calculation result on a display module; where L is the baseline length, k is the system constant of the device, N0、Nr、NnThe electric pulse signal count values of the reference light, the transmitted light and the ambient light are respectively.
2. The transmissive atmospheric visibility measuring device based on single photon detection technology of claim 1, wherein: the input end of the angle reflector posture adjusting mechanism is connected with the output end of the controller, and the output end of the angle reflector posture adjusting mechanism is connected with the angle reflector.
3. The transmissive atmospheric visibility measuring device based on single photon detection technology of claim 1, wherein: the light source adopts a laser diode, and the wavelength of the light source is 850 nm.
4. The transmissive atmospheric visibility measuring device based on single photon detection technology of claim 1, wherein: the beam splitting ratio of the beam splitter is less than 0.1.
5. The transmissive atmospheric visibility measuring device based on single photon detection technology of claim 1, wherein: the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector both adopt PIN photoelectric detectors.
6. The transmissive atmospheric visibility measuring device based on single photon detection technology of claim 1, wherein: the first protective glasses and the second protective glasses are both made of plane glass sheets, and the outer surfaces of the plane glass sheets are plated with infrared antireflection films and hydrophobic films.
7. The measuring method of the transmission-type atmospheric visibility measuring device based on the single photon detection technology according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the oscillator outputs signals, acts on the light source driver and generates high-speed pulse signals; the high-speed pulse signal acts on the light source to generate high-speed pulse modulated light;
(2) after passing through the collimating lens, the high-speed pulse modulated light is divided into two parts by the beam splitter, one part of the light is transmitted through the beam splitter to be incident on the corner reflector, is reflected by the corner reflector and the full reflector and then is received by the single photon detector as transmitted light through a third focusing lens, a third optical filter and a third diaphragm, and the other part of the light is reflected by the beam splitter, passes through a round hole above the full reflector and then is received by the single photon detector as reference light beams through the third focusing lens, the third optical filter and the third diaphragm;
(3) when the first photoelectric detector detects an optical signal, the controller controls the posture adjusting mechanism of the corner reflector to drive the corner reflector to move along the X positive direction so as to correct the optical path; when the second photoelectric detector detects an optical signal, the controller controls the posture adjusting mechanism of the corner reflector to drive the corner reflector to move along the negative X direction so as to correct the optical path; the X forward direction is the light reflecting direction of the full reflector;
(4) when neither the first photodetector nor the second photodetector detects the optical signal: the controller starts to receive the output signal of the oscillator as a reference clock, and delays for a time t1Single light on after secondThe sub-detector is for t seconds; the single photon detector receives the reference beam and generates corresponding electric pulse signal with delay time t2Starting the single photon detector for t seconds after the second; the single photon detector receives the transmitted light beam and generates corresponding electric pulse signals with delay time t3Starting the single photon detector for t seconds after the second; the single photon detector receives ambient light and generates corresponding electric pulse signals; the counter inside the controller counts the reference light, the transmitted light and the electric pulse signal of the environment light separately, and the counted values are N0、NrAnd NnThe conversion from the light intensity of the optical signal to the photon counting value is realized;
(5) repeating the steps (1) to (4), finishing measurement for a plurality of periods by the controller, and adopting a formula
Calculating an atmospheric visibility value MOR, storing a calculation result in a storage module, and displaying the calculation result on a display module; where L is the baseline length, k is the system constant of the device, N0、Nr、NnThe electric pulse signal count values of the reference light, the transmitted light and the ambient light are respectively.
8. The measuring method of the transmission-type atmospheric visibility measuring device based on the single photon detection technology as claimed in claim 7, wherein: in the step (4), the delay time t1、t2、t3The second is set by taking the output signal of the oscillator as a reference clock and calculating the light flight time of the reference light beam and the transmitted light beam to distinguish reference light, transmitted light and ambient light, wherein t1<t2<t3，t<t2-t1And t is<t3-t2，t1Is the sum of the signal delay time and the time of flight of the reference beam, t2Is the transmitted beam time of flight.
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| CN110793945B (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2022-09-27 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Synthetic white light atmospheric visibility meter and visibility measuring method |
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