CN109704886A - Straw manures and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Straw manures and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109704886A CN109704886A CN201910183302.XA CN201910183302A CN109704886A CN 109704886 A CN109704886 A CN 109704886A CN 201910183302 A CN201910183302 A CN 201910183302A CN 109704886 A CN109704886 A CN 109704886A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Straw manures and preparation method thereof, preparation method mainly comprises the steps that (1) stalk is pre-processed in alkali heat condition after crushed, then humic acid original powder is added thereto and is heated, and obtains mixture A；Calcium chloride is added into mixture A to generate to without precipitating, obtains mixture B；(3) furfural dregs are added into mixture B and mix drying, obtain mixture C；(4) a certain amount of compound fertilizer will be inserted after the drying of mixture C high temperature to mix up to a kind of powdery organic fertilizer.The present invention can largely handle agricultural crop straw within a short period of time, and make full use of industrial or agricultural organic waste, prepare content of organic matter height, and the organic fertilizer rich in various nutrient elements forms a kind of new model of straw-returning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural residue technical field, in particular to a kind of Straw manures and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
China about generates 700,000,000 tons or so agricultural crop straws as large agricultural country every year.Agricultural crop straw is very abundant
Renewable resource, the stalk biomass money important rich in a variety of nutrients such as organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and one
Source can be used as fertilizer, feed, fuel and industrial raw material etc..But agricultural crop straw is in addition to for papermaking, production at present
Feed or feedstuff make fertile returning to the field etc., annual directly to be burned there are also a large amount of stalks, have not only polluted environment but also have produced waste.
As country forbids the implementation of open incineration stalk policy, a large amount of stalks urgently handle, should greatly develop new technology and carry out resource
Change and utilizes agricultural crop straw.
The stalk that China passes through various forms of returning to the field at this stage is more than 100,000,000 tons, mainly straw mulching and returning, straw powder
Broken returning to the field, straw compost returning to the field and stalk cross abdomen returning to the field, wherein first two returning to the field mode belongs to direct returning to farmland, but direct returning to farmland
It is easy to cause crop disease and insect, and decomposed speed is slow；Latter two returning to the field mode belongs to indirect returning to the field, but processing speed is slow, difficult
To handle a large amount of stalks in a short time for returning to the field.Stalk carries out returning to the field processing as waste material, main to be limited in stalk
The degradation of cellulose and processing technique.Currently, after there is chemically pretreated straw in the country, for the production of bio-ethanol,
But large-scale promotion is unable to because cost is higher than grain alcohol.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of Straw manures and preparation method thereof, the purpose is to for
While quickly processing stalk, generate that a kind of content of organic matter is high, and organic fertilizer rich in various nutrient elements forms one
The new model of kind straw-returning.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method of Straw manures, includes the following steps:
(1) stalk is smashed it through into 10-120 mesh, concentration, which is added, with the mass ratio of 1:8-25 in the stalk after sieving is
In the aqueous slkali of 1-5%, 1-10min is heated at 80-121 DEG C after mixing evenly, obtains pretreated straw；
(2) ratio that humic acid original powder is 1:6-20 in mass ratio is added in pretreated straw obtained by step (1), stirring
It is heated to boiling after uniformly, obtains mixture A；
(3) calcium chloride is added into mixture A obtained by step (2) to generate to without precipitating, obtains mixture B；
(4) in mass ratio it is that the ratio of 0.1-3:10 is added in mixture B obtained by step (3) by furfural dregs, stirs evenly
After dry, obtain mixture C；
It (5) is in mass ratio that the ratio of 1-2:10 is added obtained by step (4) in mixture C by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mixing is equal
Straw manures are obtained after even.
Preferably, stalk described in step (1) includes rice straw, corn stover, soybean stalk, wheat stalk, peanut
One of stalk and broomcorn straw are a variety of.
Preferably, aqueous slkali described in step (1) includes sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution.
Preferably, the time used of heating described in step (1) is 30-60min.
Preferably, content of humic acid >=30% in step (3) the humic acid original powder.
Preferably, drying temperature described in step (4) is 60-90 DEG C, drying time 6-10h.
Preferably, total nutrient content >=60% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate described in step (5).
The inventive concept total as one, the present invention also provides a kind of Straw manures, the organic fertilizer is by above-mentioned side
Made of method preparation.
Hemicellulose is filled between the crystal form framework of straw plants body cellulose and with the wood of tridimensional network
Quality macromolecular, they hamper degradation of the microbial flora to cellulose in being wrapped in cellulose.By pre-processing a side
Face can break the constraint of lignin and hemicellulose to cellulose, on the other hand can reduce the knot of cellulose macromolecule itself
Brilliant degree improves cellulose degradation enzyme system to the accessibility of cellulosic substrate.After the present invention passes through diluted alkaline high-temperature process stalk, stalk
Structure is changed, easily decomposed, no harmful organism, and adjusts pH (5.5-8.5) with organic acidity material humic acid and furfural dregs,
While quickly processing stalk, a kind of content of organic matter height is generated, the organic fertilizer rich in various nutrient elements forms one kind
The new model of straw-returning.
In the preparation method provided by the invention for preparing Straw manures, step (1) is by the stalk after pulverizing and sieving with 1:
The mass ratio of 8-25 is added in lye, and the mass ratio of stalk and lye may cause stalk higher than the ratio cannot be abundant by lye
Infiltration.The concentration of lye is 1-5%, and when concentration of lye is lower than 1%, effect is deteriorated；Will increase when higher than 5% cost and after
Continuous processing difficulty.Then the lye for being soaked with stalk is heated after mixing evenly, obtains pretreated straw；Heat treatment
It can accelerate to react, be conducive to carry out quickly to handle stalk.
Pretreated straw obtained by step (1) is added in the ratio that humic acid original powder is 1:6-20 in mass ratio in step (2)
In, it is heated to boiling after mixing evenly.The humic acid of addition can be with remaining pretreatment alkali in pretreated straw obtained by step (1)
It reacts in a heated condition, forms water-soluble humic acid.
Calcium chloride is added in step (3) into mixture A obtained by step (2) to generate to without precipitating, obtains mixture B.Add
The precipitating for entering calcium chloride generation has lignin calcium, calcium humate etc..
In mass ratio it is that the ratio of 0.1-3:10 is added in mixture B obtained by step (3) by furfural dregs in step (4), stirs
Drying after mixing uniformly.Furfural dregs acidity is stronger, can neutralize the residual alkali in stalk, and in addition the organic matter of furfural dregs is high, can make compost
Raw material.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate will be that the ratio of 1-2:10 is added obtained by step (4) in mixture C by step (5) in mass ratio,
Straw manures are obtained after mixing.
Above scheme of the invention have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
Stalk heats by lye in the preparation method of Straw manures provided by the invention, by most of lignin
It is separated from stalk, destroys stalk structure, be easier the cellulose in stalk by the microorganism decomposition in environment.This
The organic acidity material of the preparation method of the Straw manures provided in varing proportions is provided and adjusts pH, the organic fertilizer finally obtained
The content of organic matter is high and degradable, and contains various nutrient elements, is a kind of good organic fertilizer.
The residual alkali in waste liquid is pre-processed in the present invention by neutralizing with humic acid original powder, obtains water-soluble lignin
Salt and humate mixed solution, then insoluble lignin calcium salt and humic acid calcium salt are formed by adding calcium chloride, by nothing
Machine alkaline components are changed into organic basic ingredient, can buffer soil pH, prevent soil acidification, hardened.
Furfural dregs can neutralize the alkali in mixture in acidity, and furfural dregs are rich in vitamin, cellulose, hemicellulose, wood
Quality, humic acid, the content of organic matter is high, is good composting material after removal is acid.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a kind of complete water-soluble compound fertilizer, can provide available nutrient for crop.
Straw manures organic principle provided by the invention is high, is a kind of green organic fertilizer, has ammonia in stalk product
Base acid, promotes each parahormone of plant growth and peptide material can also containing nutrient needed for various crop at vitamin
It is effectively improved the physicochemical property of soil, while the soil organism can be increased, promotes soil aggregate structure to be formed, enhances soil
Permeability promotes plant growth.Straw manures provided by the invention are a kind of powdery organic fertilizers, wherein calcium salt containing lignin with
Soil pH is adjusted in humic acid calcium salt, reduces the harm of salts substances and continuous cropping, improves plant immunity, contains pest and disease damage
Occur.
Specific embodiment
To keep the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical solution and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with specific implementation
Example is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
(1) 10 meshes are crossed after rice straw crushes, it is 1% that concentration, which is added, with the mass ratio of 1:8 in the stalk after sieving
In sodium hydroxide solution, 10min is heated at 100 DEG C after mixing evenly, obtains pretreated straw；
(2) ratio that humic acid original powder is 1:20 in mass ratio is added in pretreated straw obtained by step (1), stirring is equal
It is heated to boiling after even, obtains mixture A；Wherein, heating time 30min；
(3) calcium chloride is added into mixture A obtained by step (2) to generate to without precipitating, obtains mixture B；
(4) in mass ratio it is that the ratio of 0.5:10 is added in mixture B obtained by step (3) by furfural dregs, adjusts pH to 7,
Mixture C is obtained after drying；Wherein, drying temperature is 60 DEG C, drying time 10h；
(5) in mass ratio it is that the ratio of 1:10 is added obtained by step (4) in mixture C by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, is uniformly mixed
After obtain Straw manures.
Embodiment 2
(1) 50 meshes are crossed after corn straw smashing, it is 2% that concentration, which is added, with the mass ratio of 1:15 in the stalk after sieving
In potassium hydroxide solution, 5min is heated at 80 DEG C after mixing evenly, obtains pretreated straw；
(2) ratio that humic acid original powder is 1:6 in mass ratio is added in pretreated straw obtained by step (1), stirring is equal
It is heated to boiling after even, obtains mixture A；Wherein, heating time 45min；
(3) calcium chloride is added into mixture A obtained by step (2) to generate to without precipitating, obtains mixture B；
(4) in mass ratio it is that the ratio of 3:10 is added in mixture B obtained by step (3) by furfural dregs, adjusts pH to 8, warp
Mixture C is obtained after drying；Wherein, drying temperature is 90 DEG C, drying time 6h；
(5) in mass ratio it is that the ratio of 1:10 is added obtained by step (4) in mixture C by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, is uniformly mixed
After obtain Straw manures.
Embodiment 3
(1) 120 meshes are crossed after wheat stalk crushes, and concentration is added with the mass ratio of 1:25 as 5% in the stalk after sieving
Potassium hydroxide solution in, heat 1min at 121 DEG C after mixing evenly, obtain pretreated straw；
(2) ratio that humic acid original powder is 1:10 in mass ratio is added in pretreated straw obtained by step (1), stirring is equal
It is heated to boiling after even, obtains mixture A；Wherein, heating time 60min；
(3) calcium chloride is added into mixture A obtained by step (2) to generate to without precipitating, obtains mixture B；
(4) in mass ratio it is that the ratio of 1.5:10 is added in mixture B obtained by step (3) by furfural dregs, adjusts pH to 8,
Mixture C is obtained after drying；Wherein, drying temperature is 80 DEG C, drying time 8h；
(5) in mass ratio it is that the ratio of 2:10 is added obtained by step (4) in mixture C by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, is uniformly mixed
After obtain Straw manures.
Comparative example
(1) 120 meshes are crossed after wheat stalk crushes, and concentration is added with the mass ratio of 1:3 as 0.1% in the stalk after sieving
Potassium hydroxide solution in, heat 1min at 40 DEG C after mixing evenly, obtain pretreated straw；
(2) ratio that humic acid original powder is 1:10 in mass ratio is added in pretreated straw obtained by step (1), stirring is equal
It is heated to boiling after even, obtains mixture A；Wherein, heating time 60min；
(3) calcium chloride is added into mixture A obtained by step (2) to generate to without precipitating, obtains mixture B；
(4) in mass ratio it is that the ratio of 1.5:10 is added in mixture B obtained by step (3) by furfural dregs, adjusts pH to 8,
Mixture C is obtained after drying；Wherein, drying temperature is 80 DEG C, drying time 8h；
(5) in mass ratio it is that the ratio of 2:10 is added obtained by step (4) in mixture C by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, is uniformly mixed
After obtain Straw manures.
The present invention handles stalk with alkali heat condition, and organic acidity material in varing proportions adjusts pH, finally obtains
The organic fertilizer content of organic matter is high and degradable, and contains various nutrient elements, is a kind of good organic fertilizer.
Distinguish alkalescent fertilizer obtained by Example 1-4 on continuously plantation 1 year soil of pakchoi to make with 300kg/ mus
Base manure application, it is separately native normal newly to open to apply Swine manure 300kg after spreading fertilizer over the fields 100kg/ mus of quick lime as base manure for CK1
Rule fertilising is CK2, plants pakchoi in parallel under the identical environment of other conditions；Not spraying fertilizer during Growth of Cabbage.
Table 1: yield of pakchoi
| Processing | Yield (kg/ mus) |
| Embodiment 1 | 1473 |
| Embodiment 2 | 1416 |
| Embodiment 3 | 1325 |
| Comparative example | 1069 |
| CK1 | 1129 |
| CK2 | 1258 |
By upper table, the yield of the soil plantation pakchoi after being applied with Straw manures provided by the invention is higher than comparative example
With control group CK1 and CK1.
Step (1) pretreatment stage is different from embodiment 3 in comparative example, other steps are all the same, as can be seen from the results, implements
The effect of example 3 is substantially better than comparative example.This is because in pretreatment at the concentration and heating of the mass ratio of stalk and lye, lye
Manage bar part has a significant effect to pretreated effect, and abundant pretreated condition is not achieved in step (1) in comparative example.Embodiment
Adequately pretreatment can separate most of lignin from stalk in 1-3, after stalk structure is destroyed, fibre therein
Dimension element is easier by the microorganism decomposition in environment, and organic principle decomposes more thorough in compost, and the quality of alkalescent fertilizer obtains
To raising.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, without departing from the principles of the present invention, it can also make several improvements and retouch, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of Straw manures, which comprises the steps of:
(1) stalk is smashed it through into 10-120 mesh, it is 1-5% that concentration, which is added, with the mass ratio of 1:8-25 in the stalk after sieving
Aqueous slkali in, heat 1-10min at 80-121 DEG C after mixing evenly, obtain pretreated straw；
(2) ratio that humic acid original powder is 1:6-20 in mass ratio is added in pretreated straw obtained by step (1), is stirred evenly
After be heated to boiling, obtain mixture A；
(3) calcium chloride is added into mixture A obtained by step (2) to generate to without precipitating, obtains mixture B；
(4) in mass ratio it is that the ratio of 0.1-3:10 is added in mixture B obtained by step (3) by furfural dregs, dries after mixing evenly
It is dry, obtain mixture C；
It (5) is in mass ratio that the ratio of 1-2:10 is added obtained by step (4) in mixture C, after mixing by potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Obtain Straw manures.
2. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that stalk described in step (1) includes rice straw, corn stalk
One of stalk, soybean stalk, wheat stalk, peanut straw and broomcorn straw are a variety of.
3. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that aqueous slkali described in step (1) include sodium hydroxide solution or
Potassium hydroxide solution.
4. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the time used of heating described in step (1) is 30-60min.
5. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that content of humic acid in step (3) the humic acid original powder >=
30%.
6. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that drying temperature described in step (4) is 60-90 DEG C, when drying
Between be 6-10h.
7. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the total nutrient content of potassium dihydrogen phosphate described in step (5) >=
60%.
8. a kind of Straw manures, which is characterized in that the organic fertilizer is prepared by claim 1-7 any one the method
It forms.
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Effective date of registration: 20210413 Address after: Room 310-3, headquarters building, Changsha Zhongdian Software Park Co., Ltd., No. 39, Jianshan Road, Changsha hi tech Development Zone, Changsha, Hunan 410000 Applicant after: Hunan Huigu Agricultural Ecology Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Address before: 1504 and 1505, Lugu Yuyuan venture building, 27 Wenxuan Road, Changsha high tech Development Zone, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410000 Applicant before: HUNAN TAIGU ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20190503 |