CN109701029B - Protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate, belonging to the technical field of biomedical nanomaterials. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the nano-composite material, which takes hydrophobic interaction between protein and oil-soluble nano-crystals as a main reaction mechanism and takes the protein as a carrier to wrap the oil-soluble nano-crystals in a nano-spherical structure self-assembled by the protein. The preparation method is simple to operate and easy for expanded production, and the prepared self-assembled aggregate has the advantages of high loading density of the nanocrystals, high utilization rate (over 90 percent) of the nanocrystals, capability of regulating and controlling the particle size of the self-assembled aggregate in a large range, easiness in surface modification, good colloidal stability, high biocompatibility, low biotoxicity and the like; meanwhile, the multifunctional nano material can be very conveniently prepared by the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomedical nano materials, and particularly relates to a protein-mediated nano crystal self-assembly aggregate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Over the past two decades, a variety of nanocrystals such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, etc. have been developed. These nanocrystals have the functions of fluorescence, superparamagnetism or plasmon effect, etc., which makes them widely used in the biomedical field. The assembly of nanocrystals into larger colloidal particles helps to improve the properties of the nanocrystals, such as improving their solubility and stability in water, providing a stronger signal than individual nanocrystals, and the like. More importantly, multifunctional nanoparticles can be constructed by assembling two or more nanocrystals having different properties. Moreover, a large number of research results show that the nanoparticles of 100-300 nm are more suitable for being applied to drug delivery and tumor imaging systems.
In order to realize the assembly of the nanocrystals, researchers have developed various scaffold materials, including micelles, silicon mesoporous nanomaterials, etc., to construct nanocrystal self-assembled aggregates to meet the needs of biological systems. However, these artificially synthesized materials have disadvantages of high toxicity, poor biocompatibility, etc. compared to natural materials such as proteins, nucleic acids, which makes it impossible to truly convert the nanocrystal self-assembly system constructed using the artificially synthesized materials as the scaffold material into a drug or a diagnostic agent. Moreover, in most cases, these nanocrystal self-assembly systems suffer from the disadvantages of low nanocrystal loading efficiency, low crystal content in the self-assembled aggregates, and the like.
In recent years, proteins, as non-toxic, natural materials with good biocompatibility, have been designed in some studies as nanosphere structures for delivery of hydrophobic small molecule drugs. Researchers load drugs into protein nanospheres to enhance drug targeting and reduce the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs to normal tissues. The most successful example of a protein as a carrier is the albumin-bound paclitaxel (Abraxane), which has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of a variety of cancers.
In some researches, protein is used as a scaffold material of some hydrophilic nanoparticles for treating tumors, and the nanocrystal self-assembly aggregates in the researches have the defects of low nanocrystal loading density, poor product structure control, poor size and shape uniformity and the like, so that the preparation of the composite nanomaterial is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problems in the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate, and a nanocrystal self-assembly system which has high nanocrystal loading efficiency, large nanocrystal density in a carrier, continuous and controllable particle size and good biocompatibility is successfully constructed by utilizing the hydrophobic interaction between protein with a hydrophobic structure domain and oil-soluble nanocrystals; another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing the same.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate is prepared by taking protein as a carrier material and encapsulating oil-soluble nanoparticles in the carrier material to form the nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate. The self-assembly aggregate is formed by self-assembly of protein and oil-soluble nano crystal. The driving force for assembly is the hydrophobic effect, and the hydration kinetic particle size of the protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembled aggregate is continuously adjustable in the range of 20-500 nm.
Further, the protein is selected from proteins with hydrophobic structural domains, such as bovine serum albumin, chicken egg white lysozyme, cow milk albumin and the like.
Further, the oil-soluble nanoparticles are one or a combination of several of quantum dots, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, silver nanocrystals and gold nanocrystals.
The preparation method of the protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate comprises the steps of simultaneously dissolving the oil-soluble nanoparticles (one or more) in an organic solvent, and mixing the solution with a protein solution to obtain the multifunctional nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate with various nanocrystal characteristics. The protein-mediated oil-soluble nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate is synthesized by mixing a protein solution with oil-soluble nanocrystals.
Further, the preparation method of the protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving a protein solution in a protein buffer solution to prepare a protein solution; the protein buffer solution is water or phosphate buffer solution;
2) dissolving one or more oil-soluble nanoparticles in an organic solvent to prepare a nanocrystal solution;
3) mixing the nanocrystal solution with the protein solution, shaking and shaking uniformly;
4) incubating the mixed solution at room temperature to obtain an incubated mixed solution;
5) and centrifuging the incubated mixed solution, removing supernatant, and obtaining precipitate which is the protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate.
Further, the concentration of the protein solution is 0.1-10mg/mL, the concentration of the nanocrystal solution is 0.05-20mg/mL, and the higher the concentration of the nanocrystals is, the larger the particle size of the obtained nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate is.
Further, in the step 4), the incubation time is three hours or more.
The invention principle is as follows: when the small-sized nanocrystals are contacted with protein, structural changes of the protein are induced to expose the hydrophobic domain of the protein, and the hydrophobic domain of the protein is mutually connected with the hydrophobic surface of the oil-soluble nanocrystals through hydrophobic acting force, so that the protein-nanocrystal self-assembled aggregate is self-assembled.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate has higher crystal density, more than fifty nanocrystals are loaded in each nanocrystal aggregate, and multifunctional nanoparticles are easy to synthesize; the nano-crystal encapsulation efficiency is high, and more than 90% of nano-crystals are encapsulated in the BSA self-assembled particles; the self-assembled aggregate has good biocompatibility and low biotoxicity, is easy to modify the surface, and the surface of the nano-crystal self-assembled aggregate is protein, exposes a large amount of amino and carboxyl and is easy to couple with functional molecules such as antibodies and polypeptides; the self-assembled aggregate has uniform particle size, good colloidal stability, and long shelf life.
The preparation method of the protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate is simple to operate and easy to expand production, and meanwhile, the multifunctional nanomaterial can be conveniently prepared by using the method, and the hydration kinetic particle size of the nanocrystal aggregate can be regulated and controlled between 20nm and 500 nm. Therefore, the protein-mediated oil-soluble nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate can be widely applied to the biomedical fields of imaging, detection, treatment and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) of bovine serum albumin-mediated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle self-assembled aggregates (SPIONS @ BSA) in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the particle size of the bovine serum albumin-mediated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle self-assembled aggregates (SPIONs @ BSA) controlled by controlling the crystal concentration in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) of bovine serum albumin-mediated self-assembled aggregates of quantum dots (QDs @ BSA) in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the hydration kinetic particle size distribution of bovine serum albumin mediated self-assembled quantum dot aggregates (QDs @ BSA) in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the hydration kinetic particle size of bovine serum albumin mediated self-assembled quantum dot aggregates (QDs @ BSA) as a function of time in example 2;
FIG. 6 is a photograph of fluorescence and magnet attraction of bovine serum albumin mediated multifunctional nanocrystal self-assembled aggregates (SPIONs & QDs @ BSA) from example 3;
FIG. 7 shows the results of the ratiometric control analysis of different crystals within the multifunctional nanocrystal self-assembled aggregate (gQDs & rQDs @ BSA) mediated by bovine serum albumin in example 4;
FIG. 8 is a Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) of chicken egg white lysozyme-mediated self-assembled aggregates of quantum dots (QDs @ CEWL) in example 5;
FIG. 9 is a high resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) photograph of chicken egg white lysozyme mediated self-assembled aggregates of quantum dots (QDs @ CEWL) in example 5.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the present invention, the technical method provided by the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
The protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate is prepared by taking protein as a carrier material and encapsulating oil-soluble nanoparticles in the carrier material to form the nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate. The self-assembly aggregate is formed by self-assembly of protein and oil-soluble nano crystal. The driving force for assembly is the hydrophobic effect, and the hydration kinetic particle size of the protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembled aggregate is continuously adjustable in the range of 20-500 nm.
The protein is selected from proteins with hydrophobic structure domain such as bovine serum albumin, chicken egg white lysozyme, cow milk albumin, etc. The oil-soluble nano particles are one or a combination of more of quantum dots, superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles, silver nano crystals and gold nano crystals.
The preparation method of the protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate comprises the steps of simultaneously dissolving oil-soluble nanoparticles (one or more) in an organic solvent, and mixing the solution with a protein solution to obtain the multifunctional nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate with various nanocrystal characteristics. Protein-mediated self-assembled aggregates of oil-soluble nanocrystals are synthesized by mixing a protein solution with oil-soluble nanocrystals. The method comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving a protein solution in a protein buffer solution to prepare a protein solution; the protein buffer solution is water or phosphate buffer solution;
2) dissolving one or more oil-soluble nanoparticles in an organic solvent to prepare a nanocrystal solution;
3) mixing the nanocrystal solution with the protein solution, shaking and shaking uniformly;
4) incubating the mixed solution at room temperature to obtain an incubated mixed solution;
5) and centrifuging the incubated mixed solution, removing supernatant, and obtaining precipitate which is the protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate.
The concentration of the protein solution is 0.1-10mg/mL, the concentration of the nanocrystal solution is 0.05-20mg/mL, and the higher the concentration of the nanocrystals is, the larger the particle size of the obtained nanocrystal self-assembled aggregate is. In step 4), the incubation time is more than three hours.
Example 1 bovine serum albumin mediated preparation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle self-assembled aggregates (SPIONs @ BSA) and their particle size control
The specific operation is as follows:
1) synthesizing the oil-soluble superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles with the particle size of 6 nm.
2) Bovine serum albumin solution was dissolved in water to prepare a protein solution having a concentration of 2 mg/mL.
3) Dissolving oil-soluble superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles in tetrahydrofuran to prepare nano crystal solution with the concentration of 0.2mg/mL, 0.4mg/mL, 0.6mg/mL, 0.8mg/mL, 1mg/mL, 1.5mg/mL and 2 mg/mL.
4) Injecting 800 mu L of nanocrystal solution into 3mL of protein solution, and shaking up quickly;
5) incubating the mixture at room temperature for three hours or more;
6) and centrifuging the incubated mixed solution, removing the supernatant, and precipitating to obtain the product.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are TEM images of the prepared bovine serum albumin-mediated oil-soluble superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle self-assembled aggregates (SPIONs @ BSA) and their hydration kinetic particle size curves as a function of the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle concentration, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 1: the prepared superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles are self-assembled into a cluster structure, the particle size is uniform, the density of the nano crystals is high, and more than 50 nano crystals exist in the same cluster structure. It can be seen from fig. 2 that the higher the concentration of oil-soluble nanoparticles, the larger the particle size of the resulting self-assembled aggregates of nanocrystals.
Example 2 preparation of bovine serum Albumin-mediated Quantum dot self-assembled aggregates (QDs @ BSA)
The specific operation is as follows:
1) and synthesizing the oil-soluble quantum dots.
2) Bovine serum albumin solution was dissolved in phosphate buffer to prepare a protein solution having a concentration of 2 mg/mL.
3) And dissolving the oil-soluble quantum dots in tetrahydrofuran to prepare a nano-crystal solution with the concentration of 1 mg/mL.
4) Injecting 100 mu L of nanocrystal solution into 3mL of protein solution, and shaking up quickly;
5) incubating the mixture at room temperature for three hours or more;
6) and centrifuging the incubated mixed solution, removing the supernatant, and precipitating to obtain the product.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are TEM images of the prepared bovine serum albumin-mediated self-assembled quantum dot aggregates (QDs @ BSA) and their hydration kinetic particle size curves, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 3: the prepared quantum dots are self-assembled into a cluster structure, the density of the nano crystals is high, and more than 50 nano crystals exist in the same cluster structure. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the prepared self-assembled aggregates of quantum dots have uniform particle size.
FIG. 5 shows the colloidal stability of the prepared bovine serum albumin mediated self-assembled aggregates of quantum dots (QDs @ BSA) in water. The quantum dot self-assembly aggregate (QDs @ BSA) mediated by bovine serum albumin is dissolved in water and placed in an environment of 4 ℃, the particle size of the QDs @ BSA is not changed within 1 month, and good colloidal stability is shown.
Example 3 preparation of bovine serum Albumin-mediated multifunctional nanocrystal self-assembled aggregates (SPIONs & QDs @ BSA)
The specific operation is as follows:
1) and synthesizing the oil-soluble quantum dots.
2) Synthesizing the oil-soluble superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles with the particle size of 6 nm.
3) Bovine serum albumin solution was dissolved in phosphate buffer to prepare a protein solution having a concentration of 2 mg/mL.
4) Simultaneously dissolving the oil-soluble quantum dots and the oil-soluble superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in tetrahydrofuran to prepare a nanocrystal solution with the concentration of 1mg/mL, wherein the mass ratio of the two nanocrystals is 1: 1.
5) Injecting 200 mu L of nanocrystal solution into 3mL of protein solution, and shaking up quickly;
6) incubating the mixture at room temperature for three hours or more;
and centrifuging the incubated mixed solution, and precipitating to obtain the product.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the fluorescent properties of the prepared multifunctional nanocrystal self-assembled aggregates (SPIONs & QDs @ BSA) under magnetic attraction, indicating that the prepared multifunctional nanocrystal self-assembled aggregates (SPIONs & QDs @ BSA) have both magnetic and fluorescent properties.
Example 4 bovine serum Albumin-mediated control of the ratio of different crystals within multifunctional nanocrystal self-assembled aggregates (gQDs & rQDs @ BSA) aggregates
The specific operation is as follows:
1) synthesizing red and green oil soluble quantum dots;
2) dissolving a bovine serum albumin solution in a phosphate buffer solution to prepare a protein solution with the concentration of 2 mg/mL;
4) simultaneously dissolving the oil-soluble quantum dots of the two colors in tetrahydrofuran to prepare a nanocrystal solution with the concentration of 1mg/mL, wherein the mass ratio of the two nanocrystals is 1:1, 3:1 and 5: 1;
5) injecting 200 mu L of the nanocrystal solution into 3mL of protein solution, and shaking up quickly;
6) incubating the mixture at room temperature for three hours or more; and centrifuging the incubated mixed solution.
FIG. 7 is the results of the ratio control analysis of different crystals within the prepared multifunctional nanocrystal self-assembled aggregates (gQDs & rQDs @ BSA).
Example 5 preparation of Chicken Egg White Lysozyme (CEWL) mediated self-assembled aggregates of Quantum dots (QDs @ CEWL)
The specific operation is as follows:
1) and synthesizing the oil-soluble quantum dots.
2) The hen egg white lysozyme is dissolved in phosphate buffer solution to prepare a protein solution with the concentration of 5 mg/mL.
3) And dissolving the oil-soluble quantum dots in tetrahydrofuran to prepare a nano-crystal solution with the concentration of 0.2 mg/mL.
4) Injecting 50 mu L of nanocrystal solution into 3mL of protein solution, and shaking up quickly;
5) incubating the mixture at room temperature for three hours or more;
6) and centrifuging the incubated mixed solution, removing the supernatant, and precipitating to obtain the product.
FIGS. 8 and 9 are TEM images of the prepared chicken egg white lysozyme mediated quantum dot self-assembled aggregates (QDs @ CEWL). As can be seen from fig. 8, the quantum dots self-assemble into irregular spherical clusters. As can be seen from fig. 9, the packing density of quantum dots is high in each cluster structure, about 10 quantum dots can be seen on one layer of a microscope, and the particle diameter of the nanoparticles is 30 nm to 40 nm.
Claims (1)
1. A method for preparing protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembled aggregates, characterized by: the nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate is prepared by taking protein as a carrier material and encapsulating oil-soluble nanoparticles in the carrier material, and comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving a protein solution in a protein buffer solution to prepare a protein solution;
2) dissolving one or more oil-soluble nanoparticles in an organic solvent to prepare a nanocrystal solution;
3) mixing the nanocrystal solution with the protein solution, shaking and shaking uniformly;
4) incubating the mixed solution at room temperature to obtain an incubated mixed solution;
5) centrifuging the incubated mixed solution, removing supernatant, and obtaining precipitate which is the protein-mediated nanocrystal self-assembly aggregate;
the protein is selected from bovine serum albumin, chicken protein lysozyme and cow milk albumin; the oil-soluble nano particles are one or a combination of more of quantum dots, silver nanocrystals and gold nanocrystals; the concentration of the protein solution is 2mg/mL, and the concentration of the nanocrystal solution is 1 mg/mL; in the step 4), the incubation time is more than three hours; the organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran.
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| CN106990250A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-07-28 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of preparation method and application for reducing self-assembled protein coated magnetic microballoon |
| CN107753435A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-06 | 聊城大学 | A kind of medicine phosphatide/albumin compound nano-particle and preparation technology |
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| CN106124758A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-11-16 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of preparation method and applications of water soluble microsphere |
| CN106990250A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-07-28 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of preparation method and application for reducing self-assembled protein coated magnetic microballoon |
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