CN109687103A - A kind of circular waveguide leaky antenna element and antenna array - Google Patents

A kind of circular waveguide leaky antenna element and antenna array Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109687103A
CN109687103A CN201811521722.6A CN201811521722A CN109687103A CN 109687103 A CN109687103 A CN 109687103A CN 201811521722 A CN201811521722 A CN 201811521722A CN 109687103 A CN109687103 A CN 109687103A
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China
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waveguide
circular
antenna element
leaky antenna
layer structure
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CN201811521722.6A
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CN109687103B (en
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陈谦
李磊
万应禄
金谋平
汪伟
张洪涛
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CETC 38 Research Institute
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CETC 38 Research Institute
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of circular waveguide leaky antenna element, including first layer structure group, second layer structure group, third layer structure group and the four-layer structure group being sequentially distributed from top to bottom, the first layer structure group includes several metal upright posts, the second layer structure group includes several plum blossom-shaped waveguide circular polarizers and the loss of weight chamber that is set between the waveguide circular polarizer, the third layer structure group includes Waveguide slot antenna element, and the four-layer structure group includes one-to-two waveguide power divider and corner waveguide;Circular waveguide leaky antenna element of the present invention, radiating slot are located at waveguide cavity horizontal center line, it is ensured that adjacent circular polarizer does not conflict when antenna element is interspersed at random, while being conducive to configure loss of weight chamber position.

Description

A kind of circular waveguide leaky antenna element and antenna array
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna technical fields, and in particular to a kind of circular waveguide leaky antenna element and antenna array.
Background technique
Active phase array antenna is increasingly used in radar system, circular waveguide leaky antenna because high reliablity, Radiation efficiency is high, performance is stable and very popular.The measures such as, cell level stochastic embattling digitalized using submatrix are to reduce bore Internal antenna number of channels inhibits the effective ways of antenna array graing lobe and minor lobe.
Traditional circular waveguide leaky antenna, radiating slot is with below-center offset on waveguide horizontal center line, corresponding waveguide circle Polarizer is also that bias profile, this structure type usually will cause circular polarizer beyond antenna element spacing, random cloth up and down It causes the adjacent circular polarizer of two rows to intersect when battle array, destroys circular polarizer integrality, influence antenna overall performance.Submatrix series Word technology can reduce active channel quantity, but will cause the increase of scanning element spacing, and wide-angle scanning is caused graing lobe occur, Scan the problems such as standing wave increases.
In view of the above drawbacks, creator of the present invention obtains the present invention by prolonged research and practice finally.
Summary of the invention
To solve above-mentioned technological deficiency, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is, provides a kind of circular waveguide leaky day Line unit includes the first layer structure group being sequentially distributed from top to bottom, second layer structure group, third layer structure group and the 4th layer of knot Structure group, the third layer structure group include two identical and arranged side by side leaky antenna waveguides, the leaky antenna wave It leads and is provided with several radiating slots, the radiating slot is correspondingly arranged in the horizontal center line of the leaky antenna waveguide upper wall On, tuning nail is provided in the waveguide cavity below the radiating slot;
The second layer structure group includes waveguide circular polarizer and loss of weight chamber;The waveguide circular polarizer and the loss of weight chamber Positioned at the top of the leaky antenna waveguide, the radiating slot and the waveguide circular polarizer are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the wave Rounding polarizer is located at the surface of the corresponding radiating slot;The described of cuboid is provided between the waveguide circular polarizer to subtract Weight chamber, loss of weight chamber top is provided with air hole;
The first layer structure group includes metal upright post, the metal upright post be vertically arranged at the loss of weight chamber just on Side;
The four-layer structure group includes one-to-two waveguide power divider and corner waveguide;The one-to-two waveguide power divider Feed section is connected to form with the corner waveguide.
Preferably, the leaky antenna waveguide is rectangular waveguide or ridge waveguide, the radiating slot is set as between horizontal direction etc. Rectangular radiation seam away from distribution, individually four apex angle chamferings on the radiating slot are circular arc.
Preferably, the tuning nail is located at below the radiating slot, the tuning nail and radiating slot one-to-one correspondence are set It sets, and tuning nail is interspersed in the two sides of the radiating slot.
Preferably, the tuning nail is set as rectangular-shape or cylindrical shape, the tuning nail and the leaky antenna wave It leads upper wall to be connected, the height dimension of the tuning nail is less than the height dimension of the leaky antenna waveguide inner waveguide chamber.
Preferably, the waveguide circular polarizer is set as the rectangular waveguide that internal four sides add ridge, the height of upper two ridge of relative edge It spends size and width dimensions is all the same, the height dimension of two ridges and width dimensions are different or not all the same on adjacent edge, are formed horizontal Section is the waveguide circular polarizer of plum blossom-shaped.
Preferably, the outer right angle in interior right angle and ridge on the waveguide circular polarizer is respectively provided with circular arc chamfering.
Preferably, loss of weight bottom of chamber portion is concordant with waveguide circular polarizer bottom, the height dimension of the loss of weight chamber Less than the height dimension of the waveguide circular polarizer, the loss of weight top of chamber is provided with outer wall.
Preferably, the air hole is provided in round hole, the air hole is located in the top exterior walls of the loss of weight chamber.
Preferably, the one-to-two waveguide power divider is set as T-shaped waveguide power divider, the one-to-two waveguide power divider Total mouth and the corner waveguide interconnection, the one-to-two waveguide power divider divide mouth respectively with the Waveguide slot antenna list The leaky antenna waveguide lower wall of member upper two side by side is connected.
A kind of circular waveguide leaky antenna array, including the circular waveguide leaky antenna element;The adjacent entelechy Change Waveguide slot antenna element to be staggered.
Compared with the prior art the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1, circular waveguide leaky antenna list of the present invention Member, radiating slot are located at waveguide cavity horizontal center line, it is ensured that adjacent circular polarizer does not go out when antenna element is interspersed at random Now conflict, while being conducive to configure loss of weight chamber position, convenient for the bigger more regular loss of weight chamber of setting, is used for loss of weight and processing;2, subtract Increase metal upright post above weight chamber and improve the isolation between adjacent antenna units, reduces antenna scanning standing wave;3, with entelechy The random distribution antenna array for changing Waveguide slot antenna element composition, can be effectively suppressed antenna array graing lobe, has big spacing wide-angle Scan capability has many advantages, such as light-weight, number of channels is fed under same bore less, has prominent creativeness, have very high Engineering application value.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of circular waveguide leaky antenna element of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the main view of circular waveguide leaky antenna element of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the top view of circular waveguide leaky antenna element of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the left view of circular waveguide leaky antenna element of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of circular waveguide leaky antenna array of the present invention.
Digital representation in figure:
1- metal upright post;2- waveguide circular polarizer;3- loss of weight chamber;4- leaky antenna waveguide;5- radiating slot;6- tuning nail; 7- one-to-two waveguide power divider;8- corner waveguide;9- air hole;The total mouth of 10-;11- divides mouth.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the forgoing and additional technical features and advantages are described in more detail.
Embodiment one
As Figure 1-Figure 4, Fig. 1 is the perspective view of circular waveguide leaky antenna element of the present invention;Fig. 2 is this hair The main view of the bright circular waveguide leaky antenna element;Fig. 3 is circular waveguide leaky antenna element of the present invention Top view;Fig. 4 is the left view of circular waveguide leaky antenna element of the present invention.
Circular waveguide leaky antenna element of the present invention includes the first layer structure group being sequentially distributed from top to bottom, Two-layer structure group, third layer structure group and four-layer structure group, wherein the first layer structure group includes several metal upright posts 1, The second layer structure group includes several plum blossom-shaped waveguide circular polarizers 2 and is set to subtracting between the waveguide circular polarizer 2 Weight chamber 3, the third layer structure group include Waveguide slot antenna element, and the four-layer structure group includes one-to-two wave guide power point Device 7 and corner waveguide 8.
The Waveguide slot antenna element includes two identical and arranged side by side leaky antenna waveguides 4, described to split Several radiating slots 5 are provided in seam antenna wave guide 4, the radiating slot 5 is correspondingly arranged in 4 upper wall of leaky antenna waveguide Horizontal center line on, be provided with tuning nail 6 in the waveguide cavity of 5 lower section of the radiating slot.The position of the radiating slot 5 is arranged, It can avoid the adjacent waveguide circular polarizer 2 when the circular waveguide leaky antenna element is interspersed at random to conflict, To meet stochastic embattling requirement.
The waveguide circular polarizer 2 and the loss of weight chamber 3 in the second layer structure group are located at the leaky antenna wave 4 top is led, the radiating slot 5 and the waveguide circular polarizer 2 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the waveguide circular polarizer 2 is located at The surface of the corresponding radiating slot 5.
The space between the waveguide circular polarizer 2 in the second layer structure group is provided with the loss of weight of cuboid Chamber 3,3 top of loss of weight chamber open that there are two round air holes 9.
The metal upright post 1 in the first layer structure group is vertically arranged at the surface of the loss of weight chamber 3.
The one-to-two waveguide power divider 7 of the four-layer structure group and the corner waveguide 8 are used as institute of the present invention State the feed section of circular waveguide leaky antenna.
Preferably, the leaky antenna waveguide is rectangular waveguide or ridge waveguide, the radiating slot 5 is set as between horizontal direction etc. Rectangular radiation seam 5 away from distribution, individually four apex angle chamferings on the radiating slot 5 are circular arc.The tuning nail 6 is located at institute 5 lower section of radiating slot is stated, and is interspersed in the two sides of the radiating slot 5;Specifically, the tuning nail 6 and the radiating slot 5 one One is correspondingly arranged, and the tuning nail 6 on the adjacent radiating slot 5 is left with the horizontal center line of the Waveguide slot waveguide upper wall The right side is staggered.
The tuning nail 6 may be configured as rectangular-shape or cylindrical shape, the tuning nail 6 and the leaky antenna waveguide 4 Upper wall is connected.In general, the height dimension of the tuning nail 6 is less than the height dimension of the waveguide cavity.
The waveguide circular polarizer 2 is set as having the rectangular waveguide for adding ridge inside certain altitude and four sides, on relative edge The height dimension and width dimensions of two ridges are all the same, and the height dimension of two ridges is different with width dimensions on adjacent edge or infull phase Together, to form the waveguide circular polarizer 2 that cross section is plum blossom-shaped.It is interior on 2 rectangular waveguide of waveguide circular polarizer Right angle and the outer right angle of ridge are respectively provided with circular arc chamfering.
The loss of weight chamber 3 is located at except the waveguide circular polarizer 2 spatially, 3 bottom of loss of weight chamber and the wave 2 bottom of rounding polarizer is concordant, and the height dimension of the loss of weight chamber 3 is less than the height dimension of the waveguide circular polarizer 2, i.e. institute It states and is provided at the top of loss of weight chamber 3 with certain thickness outer wall.Each loss of weight chamber 3 is corresponding, and there are two the air hole 9, institutes Stating air hole 9 may be configured as circle, and the air hole 9 is located in the top exterior walls of the loss of weight chamber 3.
The metal upright post 1 is cylindrical body or rectangular-shape, and most of metal upright post 1 is located at the loss of weight chamber 3 Surface.Antenna array is formed to take into account the circular waveguide leaky antenna element, the metal upright post 1 on the outside of antenna Position can be adjusted according to needs of structuring the formation;The metal upright post 1 increases between the adjacent circular waveguide leaky antenna element Isolation, advantageously reduce antenna scanning standing wave.
The one-to-two waveguide power divider 7 is set as T-shaped waveguide power divider, the one-to-two waveguide power divider 7 it is total Mouth 10 and the corner waveguide 8 interconnect, and the one-to-two waveguide power divider 7 divides mouth 11 to be set as the staircase match containing two-stage Waveguide, described point of mouth 11 respectively on the Waveguide slot antenna element two side by side 4 lower wall of leaky antenna waveguide be connected, be The Waveguide slot antenna provides feed channel;The one-to-two waveguide power divider 7 and the corner waveguide 8 are equipped with can Antenna feed port is set to suitable feed placement according to real work situation.
The circular waveguide leaky antenna element can flexibly form various forms of antenna arrays;With the circularly polarised wave The random distribution antenna array for leading leaky antenna unit composition, can be effectively suppressed antenna array graing lobe, minor lobe, has big spacing wide-angle Scan capability has many advantages, such as light-weight, number of channels is fed under same bore less, has prominent creativeness, have very high Engineering application value.
Embodiment two
Specifically, the circular waveguide leaky antenna element is divided into 4 layers in structure, welded again using layering processing Mode prepares the entire circular waveguide leaky antenna element.Specific processing method are as follows: the first layer structure group it is described Metal upright post 1 can be processed individually;The waveguide circular polarizer 2 and the loss of weight chamber 3 of the second layer structure group, in this layer It completes circular polarizer and loss of weight chamber 3 is processed;The leaky antenna waveguide 4, the radiating slot 5 and the institute of the third layer structure group Tuning nail 6 is stated, completes the machine-shaping of above structure in this layer;The T-shaped one-to-two waveguide of the four-layer structure group Power splitter 7 and the corner waveguide 8 complete the processing of above structure in this layer.
Specifically, the metal upright post 1 can be mounted on by 3 top of loss of weight chamber by welding, it can also be by the gold Belong to 1 installation end of column and process screw thread, is threadedly attached in 3 top of loss of weight chamber.
Each component of the second layer structure group, the third layer structure group and the four-layer structure group passes through vacuum pricker Firm welding is welded, so that the entire circular waveguide leaky antenna element be completed the process.
Based on the antenna array of circular waveguide leaky antenna element composition, structure the formation according to randomization, then it is each described The loss of weight chamber 3 and the metal upright post 1 on the outside of circular waveguide leaky antenna element should be structured the formation according to antenna array feature spirit Adjustment living, is located among four radiating slots 5 with the metal upright post 1 and is preferred, it is in not shadow that the loss of weight chamber 3, which opens up principle, It is big as far as possible to ring volume as far as possible under antenna structure intensity and properties.
The circular waveguide leaky antenna element preferably uses aluminium product to prepare, and carbon fiber processing system also can be used It is standby.To meet application demand, the circular waveguide leaky antenna element can be carried out at the techniques such as gold-plated, anti-oxidant, anti-irradiation Reason.
Preferably, chamfering can be carried out to quarter bend relevant in the circular waveguide leaky antenna element, to realize State the convenience of circular waveguide leaky antenna element process.
Embodiment three
As shown in figure 5, Fig. 5 is the structure chart of circular waveguide leaky antenna array of the present invention;It is described in the present embodiment Circular waveguide leaky antenna array includes three circular waveguide leaky antenna elements, the adjacent circular waveguide leaky Antenna element mutually staggers certain distance in the horizontal direction and is configured, to realize the circular waveguide leaky antenna list The stochastic embattling of member, can not only reduce antenna array minor lobe, while cooperating the one-to-two waveguide power divider 7 that can reduce active channel Quantity.
Radiating slot biasing is carried out because unit is staggered compared on circular waveguide leaky antenna array described in traditional technology Feeding classification, radiating slot biasing easily leads to the circular polarizer structures of adjacent cells and overlaps, and destroys the circular polarisation waveguide The integrality of slotted antenna array influences antenna overall performance;And in the present invention, due to the circular waveguide leaky antenna list The setting of meta structure, the waveguide circular polarizer 2 is all set to the middle position of the Waveguide slot antenna element, thus keeps away Exempt from the overlapping problem in traditional technology.
The position periodic distribution of the waveguide circular polarizer 2, the distribution of the loss of weight chamber 3 are also in periodicity, so as to Make the loss of weight chamber 3 between the adjacent circular waveguide leaky antenna element, the metal upright post 1, the air hole 9 that This corresponds to combination and forms complete structure, while the structure of periodic distribution keeps 3 volume of loss of weight chamber big, and weight loss effect is good, and Be conducive to the processing of the loss of weight chamber 3.
Because the adjacent circular waveguide leaky antenna element interlocks up and down, the circular waveguide leaky antenna array is caused The loss of weight chamber 3, the metal upright post 1 at outer ledge, 9 malformation of the air hole, can be guaranteed by Local uniqueness The structural intergrity of the loss of weight chamber 3, the air hole 9;Simultaneously to the gold of Waveguide slot antenna element edge Belong to the adjustment realization of the progress of column 1 position to share.
The feed waveguide length of the four-layer structure can be flexible on each circular waveguide leaky antenna element It adjusts, therefore the array that the feed port of the four-layer structure is adjusted to rectangular arranged can be avoided into random distribution, favorably Installation and distribution between active block and the four-layer structure.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is merely illustrative for the purpose of the present invention, and not restrictive 's.Those skilled in the art understand that in the spirit and scope defined by the claims in the present invention many changes can be carried out to it, It modifies or even equivalent, but falls in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of circular waveguide leaky antenna element, which is characterized in that including the first layer structure being sequentially distributed from top to bottom Group, second layer structure group, third layer structure group and four-layer structure group;
The third layer structure group includes two identical and arranged side by side leaky antenna waveguides, the leaky antenna waveguide On be provided with several radiating slots, the radiating slot is correspondingly arranged in the horizontal center line of the leaky antenna waveguide upper wall On, tuning nail is provided in the waveguide cavity below the radiating slot;
The second layer structure group includes waveguide circular polarizer and loss of weight chamber;The waveguide circular polarizer and the loss of weight chamber are located at The top of the leaky antenna waveguide, the radiating slot and the waveguide circular polarizer are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and waveguide circle Polarizer is located at the surface of the corresponding radiating slot;The loss of weight chamber is provided between the waveguide circular polarizer, it is described to subtract Weight chamber top is provided with air hole;
The first layer structure group includes metal upright post, and the metal upright post is vertically arranged at the surface of the loss of weight chamber;
The four-layer structure group includes one-to-two waveguide power divider and corner waveguide;The one-to-two waveguide power divider and institute It states corner waveguide and is connected to form feed section.
2. circular waveguide leaky antenna element as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the leaky antenna waveguide is square Shape waveguide or ridge waveguide, the radiating slot are set as the rectangular radiation seam of horizontal direction equidistantly distributed.
3. circular waveguide leaky antenna element as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the tuning nail is located at the spoke Seam lower section is penetrated, the tuning nail and the radiating slot are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and tuning nail is interspersed in the radiating slot Two sides.
4. circular waveguide leaky antenna element as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the tuning nail is set as rectangular Body shape or cylindrical shape, the tuning nail are connected with the leaky antenna waveguide upper wall, and the height dimension of the tuning nail is less than The height dimension of the waveguide cavity.
5. circular waveguide leaky antenna element as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the waveguide circular polarizer setting Add the rectangular waveguide of ridge for four sides of inside, the height dimension and width dimensions of upper two ridge of relative edge are all the same, two ridge on adjacent edge Height dimension and width dimensions it is different or not all the same, forms cross section as the waveguide circular polarizer of plum blossom-shaped.
6. circular waveguide leaky antenna element as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that on the waveguide circular polarizer Interior right angle and the outer right angle of ridge are disposed as circular arc chamfering.
7. circular waveguide leaky antenna element as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that loss of weight bottom of chamber portion with it is described Waveguide circular polarizer bottom is concordant, and the height dimension of the loss of weight chamber is less than the height dimension of the waveguide circular polarizer, described Loss of weight top of chamber is provided with outer wall.
8. circular waveguide leaky antenna element as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the air hole is provided in round Hole, the air hole are located in the top exterior walls of the loss of weight chamber.
9. circular waveguide leaky antenna element as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the one-to-two waveguide power divider It is set as T-shaped waveguide power divider, total mouth of the one-to-two waveguide power divider and the corner waveguide interconnect, and described one point Two waveguide power dividers be divided to mouth respectively on the Waveguide slot antenna element two leaky antenna waveguide lower wall phases side by side Even.
10. a kind of circular waveguide leaky antenna array, which is characterized in that including several as described in any one of claim 1-9 Circular waveguide leaky antenna element;The adjacent circular waveguide leaky antenna element is staggered.
CN201811521722.6A 2018-12-12 2018-12-12 Circularly polarized waveguide slot antenna unit and antenna array Active CN109687103B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110112570A (en) * 2019-05-08 2019-08-09 陕西天鼎无线技术股份有限公司 A kind of method and device of specific direction that realizing wave beam
CN115319416A (en) * 2022-08-19 2022-11-11 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 High-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna low-temperature brazing method

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CN106911003A (en) * 2017-03-01 2017-06-30 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 A kind of broadband circle polarized radiating guide and its aerial array
CN207938785U (en) * 2018-01-25 2018-10-02 成都天锐星通科技有限公司 A kind of right-angled intersection light guide module
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CN110112570A (en) * 2019-05-08 2019-08-09 陕西天鼎无线技术股份有限公司 A kind of method and device of specific direction that realizing wave beam
CN115319416A (en) * 2022-08-19 2022-11-11 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 High-efficiency millimeter wave multilayer antenna low-temperature brazing method

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