CN109661984B - Under-forest cultivation method for anoectochilus roxburghii - Google Patents
Under-forest cultivation method for anoectochilus roxburghii Download PDFInfo
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- CN109661984B CN109661984B CN201910022558.2A CN201910022558A CN109661984B CN 109661984 B CN109661984 B CN 109661984B CN 201910022558 A CN201910022558 A CN 201910022558A CN 109661984 B CN109661984 B CN 109661984B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to an under-forest cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. Firstly, selecting a section which has good drainage and is not easy to accumulate water and soil hardening, then removing impurities and preparing soil, then hardening off the tissue culture seedlings of anoectochilus formosanus, planting, immediately arranging plastic ground nails and covering insect-proof nets, carrying out watering, pesticide spraying and fertilization in later-stage maintenance management, and harvesting in 3-4 months in the next year. The method is simple to operate, can be implemented under the condition of lower cost, and has low later maintenance cost; only a small amount of destructiveness is caused to the under-forest herbage and the low shrub, and the arbor layer is not damaged; can effectively prevent and control mollusks such as insect pests, snails and the like on the basis of reducing pesticide application, lightens mouse damage to a certain extent, and solves the problems of high cost, low quality and serious insect pest existing in the anoectochilus formosanus cultivation in the prior art. The under-forest cultivation method has wide application range and is particularly suitable for Hainan province.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an under-forest cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.
Background
Anoectochilus roxburghii is a rare Chinese herbal medicine, wild resources are deficient due to excessive manual digging, and the Anoectochilus roxburghii on the market is mainly obtained from artificially cultivated Anoectochilus roxburghii. The artificial cultivation of anoectochilus formosanus is divided into greenhouse cultivation and under-forest cultivation, and the price of the anoectochilus formosanus produced by some under-forest cultivation methods is far higher than that of the anoectochilus formosanus cultivated in a greenhouse due to the similarity of effective components of the anoectochilus formosanus and wild anoectochilus formosanus.
The Fujian province is used as the most mature area of the world anoectochilus formosanus where the maximum production area of the anoectochilus formosanus and related technologies of the anoectochilus formosanus are combined, and three methods are adopted for cultivation under the forest: firstly, planting in open field under the forest, directly planting anoectochilus formosanus in the leveled open ground under the forest (usually selecting an under-forest terrace), optionally building or not building a small arched shed (for keeping out rain), and building a sunshade net at the height of about 2m, wherein the method is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost, the quality of the planted anoectochilus formosanus is optimal, but the damage to the vegetation is large; secondly, under-forest frame building cultivation, the method firstly needs to lay hollow bricks or build a ground frame of about 80cm under the forest, the anoectochilus formosanus is planted in the tray, then the tray is placed on the hollow bricks or the ground frame, and a sunshade net needs to be built at the height of about 2m, so that the method has the advantages of convenient management and collection and low cost, but the quality of the anoectochilus formosanus is similar to that of greenhouse planting; and thirdly, hanging and cultivating under the forest, namely placing the anoectochilus formosanus in a supported string bag, placing a substrate in the string bag, and then hanging the anoectochilus formosanus on branches under the forest.
In recent years, because the price of anoectochilus roxburghii planted in the forest is high, the anoectochilus roxburghii planted in the forest is practiced in provinces such as Guangxi province, Yunnan province, Guangdong province and Hainan province, but the climate conditions are more or less different from that of Fujian province, so that a plurality of problems occur in the planting process in the forest. The inventor carries out the under-forest planting work of the anoectochilus formosanus in Hainan province, finds that the diseases, insects and rats of the anoectochilus formosanus are serious in the under-forest cultivation process, the anoectochilus formosanus planted in open places and erected under forests is eaten by mollusks such as insects and snails, the under-forest hanging cultivation cost is high, the quality of the anoectochilus formosanus is general, the suspensible positions of branches in most regions are high, economic crop forests such as betel nuts almost have no suspensible points, and the operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides the method for cultivating the anoectochilus formosanus under the forest.
Technical scheme
An under-forest cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land under forest: selecting a section which has good drainage and is not easy to accumulate water and harden soil, wherein the natural shading degree is between 60 and 90 percent, the illumination intensity is more than 6000 lux under the forests at noon on a sunny day, and the land selection is finished before 9 months;
(2) impurity removal and soil preparation: in 9-10 months, cutting off thicker weeds and shrubs, turning over soil and loosening soil to a depth of 8-10 cm, picking out stones, tree roots and fallen leaves and impurities in the soil, and ridging; after ridging, spraying disinfectant to disinfect the soil, and then airing;
(3) planting anoectochilus formosanus: in 9-10 months, hardening off the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus for 30 days, hardening off the seedlings in a greenhouse, wherein the illumination is natural light, in 10-11 months, the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus with good growth vigor and with the plant height of more than 7cm are selected, the roots of the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus are washed clean, then the roots are soaked in 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution, the roots are washed clean after being taken out, then planting is carried out, and root fixing water is poured after the planting is finished;
(4) arranging plastic ground nails and covering an insect-proof net: arranging plastic ground nails and covering insect-proof nets immediately after the anoectochilus formosanus is planted, wherein the length of each plastic ground nail is 21cm, the diameter of each nail cap is 3.8cm, the plastic ground nails are inserted among rows of the anoectochilus formosanus straightly, the insertion depth is 6-8 cm, and the insertion density is 40cm multiplied by 20 cm; cutting an insect-proof net with more than 100 meshes according to the ridge width and the ridge length by adding 50cm respectively, covering the insect-proof net on the ridge and fully unfolding the insect-proof net, and nailing the periphery of the insect-proof net on the ground by using a plastic ground;
(5) maintenance management: spraying pesticide to prevent diseases every week after the anoectochilus formosanus is planted, continuously carrying out the disease prevention for 4-5 times, timely cleaning dead branches and fallen leaves on an insect-proof net, watering after a surface soil layer becomes dry, removing a sunshade net in continuous rainy days, carrying out fertilization after the anoectochilus formosanus is fixedly planted for 1 month, diluting and spraying a biogas liquid fertilizer to the anoectochilus formosanus fertilizer, harvesting once every month, spraying clean water again after spraying, and preventing the biogas liquid diluent from polluting leaves;
(6) harvesting: in 3-4 months of the next year, 5-6 leaves are grown on the plant, the plant is harvested when the fresh weight is 2-3 g, the whole plant of the anoectochilus formosanus is taken out from the root by a seedling lifter during harvesting, then the anoectochilus formosanus is cleaned, the root or stem is prevented from being broken, then the plant is put into an oven, the water is removed at 65 ℃, after the leaves shrink, the plant is dried at 105 ℃ to constant weight, and finally the plant is sealed and stored.
The collected under-forest vacant land can be vacant for 9 months and then circulated again, so that the land capability can be recovered, the accumulation of diseases and pests related to the anoectochilus formosanus can be avoided, and the land needs to be replaced for 3-5 years after continuous planting or reseeding every 1-2 years.
Further, in the step (2), the width of the ridge is not more than 1.0m, the length of the ridge is 2-5 m, and the height of the ridge is more than 15 cm.
Further, in the step (2), the disinfectant is 1000 times of potassium permanganate with a concentration of 50% and chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate with a concentration of 40.7%.
Furthermore, in the step (3), the planting density is 5cm multiplied by 5cm, the utilization rate of too large land is reduced, too small diseases are spread quickly, the growth condition is not easy to observe, the planting is shallow and not deep, and the root is ensured not to expose the soil surface.
Further, in the step (4), when the periphery of the insect-proof net is fixed on the ground by nailing plastic ground nails, 20-30 cm nails are nailed at the front and rear sides of the ridge, 40-50 cm nails are nailed at the left and right sides, only a nail cap is left on the ground surface, and after the nails are nailed, the redundant sides of the insect-proof net are tightly pressed by soil, so that no gap is ensured.
Further, in the step (4), after the insect-proof net is covered, a sun-shading net is laid on the insect-proof net according to the illumination intensity under the forest, so that the illumination intensity of the surface of the anoectochilus formosanus leaves is 8-15% of the surface layer of the forest canopy.
Further, in the step (5), the pesticide is selected from any one of a 1000-fold liquid of 50% tebuconazole powder, a 500-fold liquid of 25% metalaxyl-propamocarb or a 1000-fold liquid of 80% mancozeb wettable powder.
Further, in the step (5), in the process of maintenance management, if underground insects are found, spraying 1000 times of solution of 40.7% chlorpyrifos missible oil, and spraying clear water to leaf surfaces; if the mice steal food in the net, the mice are trapped and killed by a method of putting poisonous mice in the mouse trapping box.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an under-forest cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus, which is simple to operate, can be implemented under the condition of lower cost and is low in later maintenance cost; only a small amount of destructiveness is caused to the under-forest herbage and the low shrub, and the arbor layer is not damaged; the mollusks such as insect pests, snails and the like can be effectively prevented and controlled, and the mouse damage is reduced to a certain extent (the mice can enter the anoectochilus formosanus to gnaw only by biting the insect-proof net, the injury and ridge number are limited in one night, and effective measures can be taken in time after the mouse damage is found); the prepared anoectochilus formosanus has high quality; the under-forest cultivation method has wide application range and is particularly suitable for Hainan province.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the survival rate of Anoectochilus roxburghii under different modes of cultivation in forest.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. In the following examples, the variety of Anoectochilus roxburghii is the Fujian Anoectochilus roxburghii Locus, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
An under-forest cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land under forest: in 8 months, selecting a place with good drainage and difficult water accumulation and soil hardening in the region of Hainan province (Tunchang maple, with an altitude of 160m), wherein the natural shade degree is between 60 and 90 percent, and the illumination intensity is more than 6000 lux under a sunny noon forest; the economic forest in which the herbicide is applied for multiple times is not suitable for selection;
(2) impurity removal and soil preparation: in the last ten days of 9 months, cutting off more robust weeds and shrubs, stacking at the base parts of surrounding trees, turning over soil and loosening soil without independently cleaning the soil, wherein the depth is 8cm, crushing large soil blocks, picking out sundries such as stones, tree roots, fallen leaves and the like in the soil, and ridging (the ridge width is 1.0m, the ridge length is 2m, and the ridge height is 15 cm); after ridging, spraying disinfectant (1000 times of 50% potassium permanganate and 40.7% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution) to disinfect the soil, and then airing;
(3) planting anoectochilus formosanus: in the first ten days of 9 months, hardening the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus for 30 days, hardening the seedlings in a greenhouse, lighting is natural light, two layers of shading nets with the shading rate of 60% are placed on the top of the greenhouse and fixed, in the first ten days of 10 months, the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus with good growth vigor with the plant height of more than 7cm are selected, the roots of the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus are washed clean, then the roots are soaked in 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution for 5min, the roots are washed clean after being taken out and then planted, the planting density is 5cm multiplied by 5cm, the planting time is short and not deep, the roots are ensured not to be exposed out of the soil surface, and;
(4) arranging plastic ground nails and covering an insect-proof net: arranging plastic ground nails, covering insect-proof nets and planting the anoectochilus formosanus synchronously, wherein the total length of the plastic ground nails (gardening ground nails commonly used in the market) is 21cm, the diameter of a nail cap is 3.8cm, the plastic ground nails are straightly inserted between rows of the anoectochilus formosanus, the insertion depth is 7cm, and the insertion density is 40cm multiplied by 20 cm; adopting a 100-mesh insect-proof net, cutting the insect-proof net into pieces with the width of each ridge and the length of each ridge being 50cm, covering the insect-proof net on the ridges and fully unfolding the insect-proof net, nailing the periphery of the insect-proof net on the ground by using plastic ground, nailing 20-30 cm nails at the front and rear sides of each ridge, nailing 40-50 cm nails at the left and right sides, only remaining a nail cap on the ground surface, and tightly pressing the redundant sides of the insect-proof net by using soil after nailing; after the insect-proof net is covered, paving a layer of sunshade net on the insect-proof net according to the under-forest illumination intensity, so that the illumination intensity of the surface of the anoectochilus formosanus leaves is 10% of the surface layer of the crown; the ground nail cap can play a good supporting role and cannot puncture the insect-proof net. The plant height of the mature anoectochilus formosanus can not exceed 12cm, and the anoectochilus formosanus can not bloom in the planting period of the anoectochilus formosanus, so that the problem that the flower column is higher than 12cm is not considered.
(5) Maintenance management: after the anoectochilus formosanus is planted, pesticide (1000 times of solution of 50% tebuconazole powder) is sprayed every week to prevent diseases, the steps are continuously carried out for 5 times, dead branches and fallen leaves on the insect-proof net are timely cleaned, watering is carried out after a surface soil layer becomes dry, the sunshade net is removed in continuous rainy days, the anoectochilus formosanus is fertilized by diluting and spraying biogas liquid fertilizer, and clear water is sprayed again after spraying to prevent the biogas liquid diluent from polluting leaves; if underground insects are found, spraying 1000 times of solution of 40.7% chlorpyrifos missible oil, and spraying clear water to leaf surfaces; if the mice steal food in the net, the mice are trapped and killed by adopting a method of putting poisonous mouse grains (grains soaked by bromadiolone) in a mouse trapping box;
(6) harvesting: in 3 middle-month ten days of the next year, the plant has 5-6 leaves, the plant is harvested when the fresh weight is 2-3 g, the whole plant of the anoectochilus formosanus is taken out from the root by a seedling lifter during harvesting, then the anoectochilus formosanus is cleaned, the root or stem is prevented from being broken, then the plant is put into an oven, the water is removed at 65 ℃, after the leaves shrink, the plant is dried at 105 ℃ to constant weight, and finally the plant is sealed and stored.
In example 1, the survival rate of Anoectochilus roxburghii was 93.33%, and the average fresh weight of each plant was 2.94 g.
Example 2
An under-forest cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land under forest: in 8 months, selecting a section with good drainage and difficult water accumulation and soil hardening in the Hainan province (the elevation is 600m, the water is hoisted in the mountain, the elevation is 600m), wherein the natural shade degree is between 50 and 80 percent (the temperature under the forest can be increased due to higher elevation and lower canopy density), and the illumination intensity under the forest is more than 6000 lux in sunny days and at noon; the economic forest in which the herbicide is applied for multiple times is not suitable for selection;
(2) impurity removal and soil preparation: in the last ten days of 9 months, cutting off more robust weeds and shrubs, stacking at the base parts of surrounding trees, turning over soil and loosening soil without independently cleaning the soil, wherein the depth is 8cm, crushing large soil blocks, picking out sundries such as stones, tree roots, fallen leaves and the like in the soil, and ridging (the ridge width is 1.0m, the ridge length is 4m, and the ridge height is 15 cm); after ridging, spraying disinfectant (1000 times of 50% potassium permanganate and 40.7% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution) to disinfect the soil, and then airing;
(3) planting anoectochilus formosanus: in the last ten days of 9 months, hardening the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus for 30 days, hardening the seedlings in a greenhouse, lighting is natural light, two layers of shading nets with the shading rate of 60% are placed on the top of the greenhouse and fixed, in the last ten days of 10 months, the tissue culture seedlings with good growth vigor and with the plant height of more than 7cm are selected, the tissue culture substrate of the roots is washed clean, the roots of each anoectochilus formosanus are gently separated, then the roots are soaked in 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution for 5min, the roots are washed clean after being taken out, then planting is carried out, the planting time is shallow and not deep, the roots are ensured not to be exposed out of soil, and root fixing water is poured after planting;
(4) arranging plastic ground nails and covering an insect-proof net: arranging plastic ground nails, covering insect-proof nets and planting the anoectochilus formosanus synchronously, wherein the total length of the plastic ground nails (gardening ground nails commonly used in the market) is 21cm, the diameter of a nail cap is 3.8cm, the plastic ground nails are straightly inserted between rows of the anoectochilus formosanus, the insertion depth is 7cm, and the insertion density is 40cm multiplied by 20 cm; adopting a 100-mesh insect-proof net, cutting the insect-proof net into pieces with the width of each ridge and the length of each ridge being 50cm, covering the insect-proof net on the ridges and fully unfolding the insect-proof net, nailing the periphery of the insect-proof net on the ground by using plastic ground, nailing 20-30 cm nails at the front and rear sides of each ridge, nailing 40-50 cm nails at the left and right sides, only remaining a nail cap on the ground surface, and tightly pressing the redundant sides of the insect-proof net by using soil after nailing; after the insect-proof net is covered, a sun-shading net is not laid or laid on the insect-proof net according to the under-forest illumination intensity, so that the illumination intensity of the surface of the anoectochilus formosanus leaves is 10% -15% of the surface layer of the crown; the ground nail cap can play a good supporting role and cannot puncture the insect-proof net. Anoectochilus roxburghii planted in the forest of Hainan province can grow in a semi-creeping manner, the stem length can exceed 12cm, but the plant height cannot exceed 12 cm. In the planting period of the anoectochilus formosanus, the anoectochilus formosanus does not bloom, so that the problem that the flower column is higher than 12cm is not considered.
(5) Maintenance management: after the anoectochilus formosanus is planted, pesticide (50% tebuconazole powder 1000 times liquid) is sprayed every week to prevent diseases, 3 times (high altitude diseases are light) are continuously carried out, dead branches and fallen leaves on the insect-proof net are timely cleaned, watering is carried out after a surface soil layer is dried, the sunshade net is removed in continuous rainy days, the anoectochilus formosanus is planted for 1 month, fertilization is carried out, the anoectochilus formosanus is diluted and sprayed by biogas liquid fertilizer, the fertilization is carried out once every month until harvesting is carried out, clear water is sprayed again after spraying, and the situation that blades are polluted by biogas liquid diluent is; if underground insects are found, spraying 1000 times of solution of 40.7% chlorpyrifos missible oil, and spraying clear water to leaf surfaces; if the mice steal food in the net, the mice are trapped and killed by adopting a method of putting poisonous mouse grains (grains soaked by bromadiolone) in a mouse trapping box;
(6) harvesting: in 3 th of the second year, most plants have 5-6 leaves and the fresh weight is about 2-3 g, and then the plants can be harvested. When in harvesting, the whole plant of the anoectochilus formosanus is taken out from the root by a seedling lifter, then the anoectochilus formosanus is cleaned, the root or the stem is prevented from being broken, then the anoectochilus formosanus is put into an oven, the water is removed at 65 ℃, after the leaf is shrunk, the leaf is dried to constant weight at 105 ℃, and finally the leaf is sealed and stored.
In example 2, the survival rate of Anoectochilus roxburghii was 88.89%, and the average fresh weight of each plant was 2.67 g.
Firstly, survival rate testing:
the survival rate of anoectochilus formosanus under different under-forest cultivation modes is tested, and the test method comprises the following steps: the method is carried out at a Changchang maple test point, 6 experimental groups are set, 6 different under-forest cultivation modes, namely an under-forest tray group, an under-forest pot group, an under-forest fruit basket group, an under-forest open field (without shed) group, an under-forest open field (with shed) group and an example 1 group, are adopted, 3 groups are repeated in each cultivation mode, 30 plants are extracted each time, the survival rate is measured, the record is carried out, and the test result is shown in figure 1.
Description of five groups of under-forest tray groups, under-forest pot groups, under-forest fruit basket groups, under-forest open field (without shed) groups, under-forest open field (with shed) groups in comparison with cultivation modes:
under-forest tray group:
(1) under forest land selection, the same as example 1.
(2) Soil preparation under the forest, cutting off more robust weeds and shrubs in the last ten days of 9 months, stacking at the base of the peripheral trees, turning and loosening the soil without independently cleaning the planting land, wherein the depth is 8cm, crushing large soil blocks, picking out stones, tree roots, fallen leaves and other impurities in the soil, and leveling the surface of the ground. Spraying a disinfectant (1000 times of 50% potassium permanganate and 40.7% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate) to disinfect the soil, and then airing; and (3) after being dried for 10 days, loading the mixture into a tray, wherein the size of the tray is 54cm multiplied by 27cm multiplied by 6cm, the bottom of the tray is provided with small holes, and before loading the matrix, the bottom of the tray needs to be padded by a piece of padding paper to prevent the matrix from flowing out. Then bricks (size 240X 115X 53mm, mat in a manner of 53mm height) are laid on the lower part of the tray to facilitate drainage.
(3) Planting anoectochilus formosanus: in ten days of 9 months, hardening the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus for 30 days, hardening the seedlings in a greenhouse, lighting natural light, placing two layers of shading nets with a shading rate of 60% at the top of the greenhouse and fixing the shading nets, in ten days of 10 months, selecting the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus with a plant height of more than 7cm and good growth vigor, washing the tissue culture substrate at the roots clean, slightly separating the roots of each anoectochilus formosanus, soaking the roots in 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution for 5min, taking out the roots, washing the roots clean, then planting, planting 30 anoectochilus formosanus in each tray at equal intervals of 3 multiplied by 10 (about 5cm multiplied by 5cm), wherein the planting time is shallow and not deep, the roots are guaranteed not to be exposed out of the soil surface, and watering root water after; building a sunshade net at a height of about 2m, and laying no or one layer of sunshade net on the insect-proof net according to the under-forest illumination intensity to ensure that the illumination intensity of the surface of the anoectochilus formosanus leaves is 10-15% of the surface layer of the crown;
(4) maintenance management: after the anoectochilus formosanus is planted, pesticide (1000 times of solution of 50% tebuconazole powder) is sprayed every week to prevent diseases, the disease is continuously carried out for 5 times, dead branches and fallen leaves on a sunshade net are timely watered after a surface soil layer becomes dry, the sunshade net is removed in continuous rainy days, the anoectochilus formosanus is fertilized and diluted and sprayed by biogas liquid fertilizer, and clean water is sprayed again after spraying to prevent the biogas liquid diluent from polluting leaves; arranging a mouse trapping box around the mouse and putting a poison mouse grain into the mouse trapping box; putting metaldehyde according to the occurrence condition of the snails; if the pests are found, spraying 1000 times of solution of 40.7 percent chlorpyrifos missible oil, and spraying clear water to the leaf surfaces;
(5) harvesting: same as in example 1.
Under forest potting group:
(1) under forest land selection, the same as example 1.
(2) Soil preparation under the forest, cutting off more robust weeds and shrubs in the last ten days of 9 months, stacking at the base of the peripheral trees, turning and loosening the soil without independently cleaning the planting land, wherein the depth is 8cm, crushing large soil blocks, picking out stones, tree roots, fallen leaves and other impurities in the soil, and leveling the surface of the ground. Spraying a disinfectant (1000 times of 50% potassium permanganate and 40.7% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate) to disinfect the soil, and then airing; airing for 10 days, then placing into a seedling bag with the diameter of 10cm, and placing into a matrix which is shaped like a flowerpot and has the height of 10 cm. The seedling raising bags are placed closely in ten rows and three rows.
(3) Planting anoectochilus formosanus: in ten days of 9 months, hardening the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus for 30 days, hardening the seedlings in a greenhouse, lighting natural light, placing two layers of shading nets with a shading rate of 60% at the top of the greenhouse and fixing the shading nets, in ten days of 10 months, selecting the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus with a plant height of more than 7cm and good growth, washing the tissue culture substrate at the root, slightly separating the root of each anoectochilus formosanus, soaking the root in 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution for 5min, taking out, washing the root clean, then planting, planting 1 plant in each bag, wherein the planting time is shallow and not deep, the root is ensured not to expose the soil surface, and pouring root water after planting; building a sunshade net at a height of about 2m, and laying no or one layer of sunshade net on the insect-proof net according to the under-forest illumination intensity to ensure that the illumination intensity of the surface of the anoectochilus formosanus leaves is 10-15% of the surface layer of the crown;
(4) maintenance management: the same as the under forest tray method.
(5) Harvesting: same as in example 1.
Under-forest fruit basket group:
(1) under forest land selection, the same as example 1.
(2) Soil preparation under the forest, cutting off more robust weeds and shrubs in the last ten days of 9 months, stacking at the base of the peripheral trees, turning and loosening the soil without independently cleaning the planting land, wherein the depth is 8cm, crushing large soil blocks, picking out stones, tree roots, fallen leaves and other impurities in the soil, and leveling the surface of the ground. Spraying a disinfectant (1000 times of 50% potassium permanganate and 40.7% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate) to disinfect the soil, and then airing; airing for 10 days, putting the fruit baskets (the outer dimension is 480 multiplied by 345 multiplied by 265mm), the thickness of the matrix is 5cm, and putting the fruit baskets side by side, wherein the spacing between the baskets is 10 cm.
(3) Planting anoectochilus formosanus: in the last ten days of 9 months, hardening the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus for 30 days, hardening the seedlings in a greenhouse, wherein the illumination is natural light, two layers of shading nets with the shading rate of 60% are placed on the top of the greenhouse and fixed, in the last ten days of 10 months, the tissue culture seedlings with good growth vigor and the plant height of more than 7cm are selected, the tissue culture substrate at the root is washed clean, the root of each anoectochilus formosanus is gently separated, then the root is soaked in 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution for 5min, the root is washed clean after being taken out, then planting is carried out, and each basket is planted according to the ratio of 5 multiplied by 6, and 30 plants are; when planting, the roots should be shallow and not deep, the roots are ensured not to be exposed out of the soil surface, and after planting, root fixing water is poured; building a sunshade net at a height of about 2m, and laying no or one layer of sunshade net on the insect-proof net according to the under-forest illumination intensity to ensure that the illumination intensity of the surface of the anoectochilus formosanus leaves is 10-15% of the surface layer of the crown;
(4) maintenance management: the same as the under forest tray method.
(5) Harvesting: same as in example 1.
Forest open field (greenhouse free) group:
(1) selecting land under forest: same as in example 1.
(2) Impurity removal and soil preparation: same as in example 1.
(3) Planting anoectochilus formosanus: same as in example 1.
(4) Arranging a sunshade net: paving a layer of sunshade net on the insect-proof net according to the under-forest illumination intensity, so that the illumination intensity of the surface of the anoectochilus formosanus leaves is 10% of the surface layer of the crown;
(5) maintenance management: the same as the under forest tray method.
(6) Harvesting: same as in example 1.
Forest open field (with shed) group:
(1) selecting land under forest: same as in example 1.
(2) Impurity removal and soil preparation: same as in example 1.
(3) Planting anoectochilus formosanus: same as in example 1.
(4) Arranging a sunshade net and a rainproof shed: paving a layer of sunshade net on the insect-proof net according to the under-forest illumination intensity, so that the illumination intensity of the surface of the anoectochilus formosanus leaves is 10% of the surface layer of the crown; iron wire arches are inserted into two sides of the ridge to be used as supports, the insertion interval is 50cm, then the transparent plastic cloth is covered on the iron wire net, and the periphery of the plastic cloth is compressed by stones.
(5) Maintenance management: the same as the under forest tray method.
(6) Harvesting: same as in example 1.
Fig. 1 shows the survival rate of anoectochilus formosanus in different under-forest cultivation modes, wherein the circles in the graph are the average values, and the upper line and the lower line are the highest value and the lowest value, so that the under-forest cultivation mode has the highest survival rate.
Second, testing the effective components
The anoectochilus formosanus obtained by the cultivation in example 1-2 was subjected to the yield and effective component test and compared with the same species of tissue culture seedlings of anoectochilus formosanus and the same species of anoectochilus formosanus grown in the Tunchang greenhouse for 6 months, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the yield of dry matter and the effective components of the anoectochilus roxburghii planted under the forest by adopting the method are higher than those of the anoectochilus roxburghii planted in the greenhouse; the growth rate of polysaccharide content and total flavone content is lower than that of tissue culture seedling, but the growth rate of total flavone is extremely high.
Claims (8)
1. An under-forest cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting land under forest: selecting a section which has good drainage and is not easy to accumulate water and harden soil, wherein the natural shading degree is between 60 and 90 percent, the illumination intensity is more than 6000 lux under the forests at noon on a sunny day, and the land selection is finished before 9 months;
(2) impurity removal and soil preparation: in 9-10 months, cutting off thicker weeds and shrubs, turning over soil and loosening soil to a depth of 8-10 cm, picking out stones, tree roots and fallen leaves and impurities in the soil, and ridging; after ridging, spraying disinfectant to disinfect the soil, and then airing;
(3) planting anoectochilus formosanus: in 9-10 months, hardening off the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus for 30 days, hardening off the seedlings in a greenhouse, wherein the illumination is natural light, in 10-11 months, the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus with good growth vigor and with the plant height of more than 7cm are selected, the roots of the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus are washed clean, then the roots are soaked in 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution, the roots are washed clean after being taken out, then planting is carried out, and root fixing water is poured after the planting is finished;
(4) arranging plastic ground nails and covering an insect-proof net: immediately arranging plastic ground nails and covering insect-proof nets after the anoectochilus formosanus is planted, wherein the length of each plastic ground nail is 21cm, the diameter of each nail cap is 3.8cm, the plastic ground nails are straightly inserted between rows of the anoectochilus formosanus, the insertion depth is 6-8 cm, and the insertion density is 40cm multiplied by 20 cm; cutting an insect-proof net with more than 100 meshes according to the ridge width and the ridge length by adding 50cm respectively, covering the insect-proof net on the ridge and fully unfolding the insect-proof net, and nailing the periphery of the insect-proof net on the ground by using a plastic ground;
(5) maintenance management: spraying pesticide to prevent diseases every week after the anoectochilus formosanus is planted, continuously carrying out the disease prevention for 4-5 times, timely cleaning dead branches and fallen leaves on an insect-proof net, watering after a surface soil layer becomes dry, removing a sunshade net in continuous rainy days, carrying out fertilization after the anoectochilus formosanus is fixedly planted for 1 month, diluting and spraying a biogas liquid fertilizer to the anoectochilus formosanus fertilizer, harvesting once every month, spraying clean water again after spraying, and preventing the biogas liquid diluent from polluting leaves;
(6) harvesting: in 3-4 months of the next year, the plant has 5-6 leaves, and is harvested when the fresh weight is 2-3 g,
when in harvesting, the whole plant of the anoectochilus formosanus is taken out from the root by a seedling lifter, then the anoectochilus formosanus is cleaned, the root or the stem is prevented from being broken, then the anoectochilus formosanus is put into an oven, the water is removed at 65 ℃, after the leaf is shrunk, the leaf is dried to constant weight at 105 ℃, and finally the leaf is sealed and stored.
2. The understory cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the ridge width is not more than 1.0m, the ridge length is 2-5 m, and the ridge height is more than 15 cm.
3. The understory cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the disinfection solution is 1000 times of a solution of 50% potassium permanganate and 40.7% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate.
4. The understory cultivation method of Anoectochilus roxburghii according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the planting density is 5cm x 5cm, the planting is shallow and not deep, and the root is not exposed out of the soil surface.
5. The method for understory cultivation of Anoectochilus roxburghii according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), when the periphery of the insect-proof net is nailed on the ground by plastic ground nails, the nail is nailed at 20-30 cm on the front side and the rear side of the ridge, the nail is nailed at 40-50 cm on the left side and the right side, only the nail cap is left on the ground surface, and the redundant side of the insect-proof net is tightly pressed by soil after the nail is nailed, so that no gap is formed.
6. The understory cultivation method of anoectochilus roxburghii as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), after the insect-proof net is covered, a sun-shading net is laid on the insect-proof net according to the illumination intensity under the forest, so that the illumination intensity of the surface of the anoectochilus roxburghii leaves is 8-15% of the surface layer of the canopy.
7. The understory cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the pesticide is selected from any one of a 1000-fold liquid of 50% tebuconazole powder, a 500-fold liquid of 25% propamocarb or a 1000-fold liquid of 80% mancozeb wettable powder.
8. The understory cultivation method of anoectochilus formosanus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the step (5), if underground insects are found, 1000 times of solution of 40.7% chlorpyrifos missible oil is used for spraying, and clear water is sprayed to the leaf surfaces after spraying; if the mice steal food in the net, the mice are trapped and killed by a method of putting poisonous mice in the mouse trapping box.
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