CN109197314A - A kind of construction of cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard and protect young method - Google Patents
A kind of construction of cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard and protect young method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197314A CN109197314A CN201810862994.6A CN201810862994A CN109197314A CN 109197314 A CN109197314 A CN 109197314A CN 201810862994 A CN201810862994 A CN 201810862994A CN 109197314 A CN109197314 A CN 109197314A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of construction of cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard and protect young method, characterized by the following steps: (1) collect seed；(2) it sows；(3) seedbed management；(4) bag seedling is cultivated；(5) site preparation makees bed；(6) seedling is selected to be colonized；(7) First Year management；(8) second year and later management；(9) mother plant for cutting is carried out in above-mentioned second year and later management protecting young processing.Construction of the invention and the young method of guarantor are simple and easy, can be realized the foundation of cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard, and can be young to the effective guarantor of mother plant for cutting progress, provide a large amount of good fringe bars for its propagating cuttage seedling.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, and in particular to a kind of construction of cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard and protect children side
Method.
Background technique
Cochin yellow wingceltis, Classification system: Dalbergia cochinchinensis, is pulse family yellow wingceltis platymiscium, and timber is rare
Preciousness is to make the superior materials such as noble furniture, and timber whole import needed for China, the market demand gradually increases.Source area is
The countries in Southeast Asia such as Thailand, China do not have natural distributed kind, and the seed of country's nursery all relies on import, one side cochin at present
Yellow wingceltis is the tree species of annex II control in " Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora " (abbreviation CITES pact), seed into
Mouth difficulty is big, and on the other hand, the seed of direct import is not over provenance test reselection, and there is afforestation risks.In recent years,
Forest department of Zhangzhou City and forestry institute cooperation are introduced a large amount of provenances of cochin yellow wingceltis (family) development from the country such as Thailand and are made
Woods test, has obtained gratifying results, will breed for choiceness from now on and provide advantage.Currently greatly develop cochin Huang
Wingceltis afforestation is of great significance to Chinese national economy construction.
Clonal planting has genetic gain more higher than sexual propagation.All tree species for being able to carry out vegetative propagation, choosing
Choiceness afforestation is brought out, increment can increase by 1 times or more.Domestic and international eucalyptus, poplar, Clones of Cunninghamia Lanceolata afforestation practice have been demonstrate,proved
Bright, such as Brazilian Eucalyptus clone artificial forest, year quantity increment reaches 64m3/hm2；Gentle heavenly steed state-owned forest farms, Changtai Yan Xi are state-owned
Forest farm Eucalyptus clone artificial afforestration, year quantity increment reach 30m3/hm2More than.Developing Clonal Forestry is that the development afforested from now on becomes
Gesture.
It is most fast temporally to be afforested using choiceness nursery stock in order to accelerate cochin yellow wingceltis afforestation paces, from the existing country
In cochin yellow wingceltis provenance test standing forest, excellent strain seed collecting nursery is selected, super seedling plantation cutting orchard is selected from nursery, breeds nothing
Property system nursery stock, breeding while superseded measure in afforestation, final choice goes out choiceness and establishes cutting orchard, breeds largely excellent
Clone nursery stock is applied to afforest in production.And cochin yellow wingceltis Building Techniques of Cuttings Orchard, still end is appeared in the newspapers at home, belongs to technology
Blank.Therefore, carry out the research of cochin yellow wingceltis Building Techniques of Cuttings Orchard, there is very necessary property and the sense of urgency.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of construction of cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard and protect young method.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of construction of cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard and young method is protected, included the following steps:
(1) it collects seed: selecting 10 plants of seed collecting elite stands, October, temperature is 18~32 DEG C, acquires seed, will be obtained
Seed dries under the sun, the room temperature storage Ba after Kui MOUNTING-EAR removal is clean；
(2) it sows: first in step (1) and dry doubling will be shone removes the seed of clean a one-legged monster in fable MOUNTING-EAR and be placed in cold water and rinse well, then
It is put into 44~46 DEG C of warm water and impregnates for 24 hours, seed was pulled out in water in second day, to uniformly be seeded in the previous day after natural drying
In soil with potassium permanganate disinfection, then covering fine sand and glue build arched shed and cover plastic film heat and moisture preserving, to promote
Into germination；
(3) it seedbed management: after planting keeps bed surface wet, 800~1100 times of metalaxyl fungicide is sprayed after germinateing, then
Every 8~12 days 800~1100 times of metalaxyls of spray or 3500~4200 times of love seedling sterilizations；
(4) bag seedling is cultivated: after seedling grows 3 true leaves, i.e., immigration 7~9*10 of specification~12cm polybag is cultivated,
Uprooting weed, fertilising and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control work are usually carried out, is cultivated to May next year, temperature is 20~33 DEG C, and average height of seedling is reachable
25cm or more obtains seedling, can plant cutting orchard；
(5) site preparation makees bed: select it is sunny, close to water source but not the nonirrigated farmland or paddy field of ponding as cutting orchard,
It deep ploughs when site preparation, peace and quiet weeds root uses sufficient base manure, and site preparation is made into seedbed, holds gutter successfully around nursery, accomplishes that the rainy day will not be accumulated
Water prevents nursery stock rotten；
(6) select seedling to be colonized: at the beginning of 5 months, temperature is 20~28 DEG C, super by selecting from step (4) resulting seedling
The standard of seedling is selected cochin yellow wingceltis super seedling and is colonized by spacing in the rows × line-spacing=0.4m × 0.5m, and every row plants 3 plants, per acre about
2300 plants of field planting is colonized in the seedbed of step (5), establishes cutting orchard by repeatedly selecting to select the excellent nursery stock of phenotype, with
It is expected that breeding the high cuttage seeding of genetic gain；
(7) First Year management: start rudiment behind field planting 20 days of step (6), young sprout average height can be sprouted within 48~52 days
45cm or more starts to select and remain rudiment branch at this time, and every plant of maternal plant selects and remain 2~3, rudiment branch in the same size, and near near-earth
At the rhizosphere of face, leaves 1, the spare branch of rudiment and do nutrition branch for trimming stump from now on, remaining rudiment branch is wiped out, later every
Two weeks bud picking is primary except sprouting, and guarantees the rudiment shoot growth for concentrating nutrient supply to select and remain；Period carries out appropriate prevention and treatment pest and disease damage
Operation；
(8) second year and later management: every plant of mother plant for cutting selects and remain 4~5 in the same size, rudiment branch, and near
At rhizosphere near the ground, 1, the spare nutrition branch of rudiment is left, remaining rudiment branch is cut, and is wanted frequent bud picking except sprouting later, is promoted
Select and remain rudiment shoot growth；After mother plant for cutting clip cuttings, the stump left need to do reduction processing in due course, to overcome mature effect
It answers, is conducive to cultivate next-generation rudiment bar production fringe bar；
(9) mother plant for cutting is carried out in above-mentioned second year and later management protecting young processing:, include the following:
A, second year carried out mother plant for cutting to protect young processing method to the 4th year: when cuttage branch clip, near ground
1, the spare nutrition branch of rudiment is left at the rhizosphere of face and does not cut use, other branch whole clips, and ground diameter can reach cuttings and require just
It utilizing, small stems on the weak side abandons, and in late May, temperature trims again the stump of clip branch lower than 5cm at 20~33 DEG C,
Continue to retain the spare nutrition branch of rudiment, and keep ground moistening, pulls out net weeds, prevent stump is low from cutting rear dead strain, to rudiment bar
Height 50cm or more just carries out selecting and remain rudiment branch, and wipes out the spare nutrition branch of the rudiment left.
B, mother plant for cutting is carried out to protect young processing method within the 5th year: although cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard can be by reducing stump
Mother plant for cutting young age state is kept, but is trimmed through many years and rudiment ability difference and dead strain phenomenon easily occurs.Therefore, plantation adopts fringe to the
It 5 years will be by updating mother plant for cutting, to keep young age state.Include the following:
A, root system rush sprouts field planting: in cutting orchard, after the mother plant for cutting cuttage branch clip that will be updated, pushing soil aside
Expose root system, cut at stump rhizosphere, one plant of stump has a plurality of root system all to cut, and removes stump, allows and stay in the soil
Root system exposes the soil long 2cm in face or so (1.5~2.5cm), then sprinkles profoundly water and usually keeps ground moistening, pulls out net weeds.Spring
Root system cut after 1 month, i.e., from root system rudiment, 1 stump cut a plurality of root system can the multiple plant of rudiment, but not all root system
Capital rudiment.As root system rudiment bar height 40cm or so (35~45cm), plexi rudiment bar is carried out to select and remain singling, is each cut down
Stake can stay 2 root system rudiment bars, and every root system selects and remain 1~2 plant of rudiment bar.After rudiment bar selects and remain singling, to the root system that bassets
Earthing, and carry out the management works such as fertilising uprooting weed.Root system rudiment shoot growth is good, until next year, (temperature was 12~22 by the end of February
DEG C), cuttage branch is good cuttage fringe bar up to average ground diameter 1.3cm, height 1.8m or more.
B, breed root system seedling planting: in early and middle ten days in March, at 12~23 DEG C, taking will update in cutting orchard temperature
Mother plant for cutting root system cutting propagation nursery stock.The root system dug is cut into length 5cm or so (4~6cm) cuttings, with ABT root-inducing powder
Cuttage after processing.The cultivation of cochin yellow wingceltis branch cutting seedling management method is pressed after cuttage.Spring next year root system cutting propagation
Nursery stock height is up to 60cm or more, and can be out of the garden update field planting cutting orchard.It is primary that cutting orchard is updated at interval of 5 years new plantations later.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the multiple of the potassium permanganate sterilized in the step (2) is 150
Times.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fine sand of 1~2cm thickness is covered in the step (2).
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (6), when field planting, has first dug planting pit, and every cave is applied
140~160g of calcium magnesium phosphate.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (6), when field planting, is tiltedly planted, nursery stock trunk and ground
60 degree of angles are inclined to, are watered with root water after field planting.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (6), after field planting 1 month, Qing Shi compound fertilizer 30g/
Strain is always applied fertilizer 2~3 times.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (6), prevention and treatment pest and disease damage operation selects fungicide auspicious
Poison is 1000 times mould, 1000~1500 times of hundred Thailand, likes 4000~5000 times of seedling and 1500~2000 times of insecticide good winter in year, pyridine worm miaow
800~1000 times, desinsection can be used in mixed way with fungicide, be sprayed 3~4 times.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: construction of the invention and the young method of guarantor are simple and easy, cochin yellow wingceltis can be realized
The foundation of cutting orchard, and effective guarantor children can be carried out to mother plant for cutting, a large amount of good fringe bars are provided for its propagating cuttage seedling.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further explained and described below by way of specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The 1 excellent strain of selection seed collecting
Chinese forest-science academy's Tropical Forest research institute introduces the Provenance seed nursery of cochin yellow wingceltis from Thailand, exists in spring in 2006
Parkson of Guangdong Yangdong County garden plants about 70 mu of cochin yellow wingceltis pilot forest, and growth performance is good.It investigates within 2015, raw standing forest is flat within 9 years
Equal wood D1.3=15.1cm, H=10.4m, dominant tree D1.3=24.2cm, H=11.5m, natural branch height 4.5m.Afforestation 6 years
It normally yields positive results afterwards, seed is mature October.
From this piece cochin yellow wingceltis standing forest, 10 plants of excellent strain is selected according to 5 plants of select tree wood methods and does seed collecting elite stand, is selected within 2015
Excellent strain be that the volume of timber is greater than average 50% or more select tree wood, form is relatively logical straight, and clear bole height 5m or more, no disease and pests harm uses growth cone
Measurement, is respectively formed 3~4cm of heartwood.
2 cultivate seedling
2.1 collecting seed
In October, 2015 (temperature is at 18~32 DEG C) collects seed from the excellent strain elite stand of 10 plants of cochin yellow wingceltises selected, and acquires by strain
Seed pack, and carry out the work of number listing mark.It is dried under the sun after the completion of acquisition seed, often Ba after Kui MOUNTING-EAR removal is clean
Temperature storage.
2.2 nursery
2.2.1 it is sowed immediately after sowing cochin yellow wingceltis seed solarization dry-cure is clean.Sowing the previous day, first seed is placed on
It is rinsed well in cold water, places into about 45 degree of warm water and impregnate 24 hours, seed was pulled out in water in second day, to naturally dry
It goes to sow again afterwards.Sowing the previous day first carries out sand bed, and with covering plastic film after 150 times of potassium permanganate soil disinfections.Sowing
When seed is equably broadcasted sowing onto seedbed, covering 1~2cm thickness fine sand simultaneously waters, and then building Small plastic shed, to cover plastics thin
Film heat and moisture preserving promotes germination.
2.2.2 seedbed management after planting keeps bed surface wet, and normal 7 days seeds start to germinate.1000 times of spray is auspicious after germination
The mould fungicide of poison, later every 10 days or so 1000 times of metalaxyls of spray or 4000 times of love seedling sterilizations.
2.2.3 bag seedling is cultivated after seedling grows 3 true leaves, i.e. immigration specification 8*12cm polybag is cultivated.Usually do
Good uprooting weed, fertilising and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control work.Cultivate to May next year (temperature is at 20~33 DEG C), average height of seedling up to 25cm with
On, cutting orchard can be planted.
3 kinds of plant cutting orchards
Cutting orchard is to provide the main path of cuttage fringe bar, and construction cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard is cultivate its cuttage seeding important
Method.It is as follows that cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard builds major technique:
3.1 site preparations make bed
With selecting to cutting orchard nonirrigated farmland or paddy field sunny, close to water source, but it is unable to ponding.It deep ploughs when site preparation, clearly
Net weeds root, uses sufficient base manure, such as finished product organic fertilizer or mushroom soil.Site preparation is made into seedbed formula, the wide 1m of bed surface, and just every row can plant
Plant 3 plants, bed is long depending on feelings depending on, pavement wide 0.35m, deep 0.25m, holds gutter successfully around nursery, accomplish the rainy day will not ponding, it is anti-
Only rotten of nursery stock.
3.2 select seedling to be colonized
The nursery stock for planting cutting orchard, by the standard of selection super seedling, selects friendship from the seedling that cultivation is collected seed in excellent strain
Toe yellow wingceltis super seedling is colonized, and is established cutting orchard by repeatedly selecting to select the excellent nursery stock of phenotype, is bred and lost with expectation
Pass the cuttage seeding of high gain.Seedbed formula site preparation is colonized by spacing in the rows × line-spacing=0.4m × 0.5m, and every row plants 3 plants, is arranged per acre
Plant 2300 plants.Cutting orchard is colonized at the beginning of May to be advisable, and too early planting cuttage fringe bar is partially thick, unfavorable cutting survival.It is first dug when field planting
Calcium magnesium phosphate 150g is applied in planting pit, every cave.In order to promote cochin yellow wingceltis can more rudiments from rhizosphere, voluminous fringe bar, when field planting is oblique
It plants, nursery stock trunk and ground inclination are watered with root water after field planting at 60 degree of angles, are often watered with backsight weather condition and keep soil
It is wet.
3.3 First Year management methods
The key of cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard construction is precision management, and management plants survival rate up to 99% or more in place.It is main
Carry out following management work:
3.3.1 it selects and remain after rudiment branch cochin yellow wingceltis is planted 20 days and starts rudiment, young sprout mean height can be sprouted within 50 days or so
Spend 45cm or more.It should start to select and remain rudiment branch at this time, every plant of maternal plant selects and remain 2~3, rudiment cuttage branch in the same size, and
At rhizosphere near the ground, leaves 1, the spare branch of rudiment and do nutrition branch for trimming stump from now on, remaining rudiment branch is cut
It removes, later per two weeks bud picking is primary except sprouting, and guarantees that nutrient supply is concentrated to select and remain rudiment shoot growth.If not in time to mother
It selects good strains in the field for seed and sprouts bud picking, it may appear that rudiment branch natural differentiation is obvious, branch thickness is uneven, effective branch is few, cuttage cutting yield is low
Phenomena such as.In order to explore cochin yellow wingceltis rudiment characteristic, 5 families of cochin yellow wingceltis are selected in May, 2016 (temperature is at 20~33 DEG C)
System, which carries out, selects and remain the test of rudiment branch, and investigation result is shown in Table 1.As known from Table 1, there is the cutting yield ratio for selecting and remain the processing of rudiment branch
Control increases by 31.9%, and effect is good.
1 cochin yellow wingceltis of table selects and remain rudiment shoot growth application form
3.3.2 top dressing uprooting weed
After field planting 1 month, can 30g/ plant of Qing Shi compound fertilizer, always fertilising 2~3 times, can not heavy dressing in order to avoid cause fertilizer damage
Or excessive growth, it is daily to carry out the work that weeds out the rank grass, the competition of weeds is reduced, ensures nursery stock energy normal growth.
3.3.3 pest and disease damage is prevented and treated
Cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard pest and disease damage mainly has anthracnose, aphid etc., and it is light that few harm occurs.It can be selected and kill using pesticide
1000 times of microbial inoculum metalaxyl, 1000~1500 times of hundred Thailand, 4000~5000 times of seedling of love, 1500~2000 times of insecticide good winter in year,
800~1000 times of pyridine worm miaow etc., desinsection can be used in mixed way with fungicide.Access times generally spray 3~4 times depending on feelings
?.
3.4 second years play management method
Administrative skill and First Year are different from the second year for cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard.Top dressing uprooting weed, prevention and treatment pest and disease damage
Essentially identical, essential difference is managed with First Year are as follows: is selected and remain rudiment branch number difference, is increased the processing of mother plant for cutting stump and protect young skill
Art.The technical characterstic of different aspect is described below.
3.4.1 select and remain rudiment branch every plant of mother plant for cutting of number and select and remain 4~5 in the same size, rudiment branch, and near
At the rhizosphere of ground, 1, the spare nutrition branch of rudiment is left, remaining rudiment branch is cut, and is wanted frequent bud picking except sprouting later, is promoted choosing
Stay rudiment shoot growth.If mother plant for cutting selects and remain rudiment, branch is on the low side, and cuttage fringe bar is partially coarse from now on, unfavorable cutting survival,
Low output；If it is more than 5 that mother plant for cutting, which selects and remain rudiment branch, the easy deadwood of branch influences cutting yield.In order to solve this skill
Art problem selects and remain the test of rudiment branch in the 2 family developments of in May, 2017 (temperature is at 20~33 DEG C) selection cochin yellow wingceltis,
In by the end of January, 2018 (temperature is at 9~22 DEG C) investigated, the results are shown in Table 2.Test result shows to select and remain 4~5, rudiment branch,
Average cutting yield is between 24.9~27.9/maternal plant, and than staying 3,6 yield of rudiment branch high, rudiment branch is averaged base
For diameter between 1.7~1.8cm, cuttage fringe bar rugosity is moderate.
2 cochin yellow wingceltis of table selects and remain rudiment branch number application form
3.4.2 after mother plant for cutting stump processing technique mother plant for cutting clip cuttings, leaving stump need to do at reduction in due course
Reason, can just overcome maturation effect, be conducive to cultivate next-generation rudiment bar production fringe bar.Stump reduces processing too early, and the next generation sprouts
Budling is partially coarse, and processing is too late, and next-generation rudiment bar is partially young weak.Accordingly, in early March, 2017 (temperature is at 10~21 DEG C) when
After mother plant for cutting clip cuttings, selecting 1 family of cochin yellow wingceltis to carry out different time reduces stump Pruning Test, in January, 2018
Bottom (temperature is at 9~20 DEG C) investigation, the results are shown in Table 3.
3 cochin yellow wingceltis mother plant for cutting stump different time of table trims rudiment bar maturation history table
As shown in Table 3, (temperature is at 26~33 DEG C) stump on June 25 is trimmed, mother plant for cutting storage rate lower only 92%,
Other two time trimmings, mother plant for cutting storage rate is higher to reach 98%, and main cause is that late June hot weather causes extremely
Stake, meanwhile, cutting yield is lower, trims the underproduction 29.1% than (temperature is at 23~26 DEG C) stump on May 25.March 25 (gas
Temperature is at 14~18 DEG C) stump trimming, occur due to the too early rudiment of mother plant for cutting rudiment bar growth it is too fast, until the cuttage of spring next year
When fringe bar it is excessively coarse, reduce cuttage survival rate.The trimming of (temperature is at 23~26 DEG C) stump on May 25, mother plant for cutting storage rate are high
It up to 98%, cuts cladus item and is of moderate size, yield is high, cuttage survival rate highest.The later mother plant for cutting stump processing time with 5 below the moon
Ten days (temperature is at 20~33 DEG C) is advisable.
4 clip fringe bars and yield
Cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard rudiment branch base diameter rugosity is generally between 1.3~2.0cm, 2.5~3.0m of height, cuttage
Fringe bar survival rate is higher.The good shrub and hedge trimmer of clip rudiment branch application quality, notch just can be smooth, as close as possible to ground when cutting,
Stump height is reduced as far as possible, and excessively small and weak and excessively coarse branch is abandoned not having to.Whole side shoots and blade are pared off, is cut from base portion
The 1/3-1/2 of branch total length manufacture cuttage fringe bar, the discarding of remaining branch does not have to, because upper section branch cutting survival rate is low.Skewer
Cuttings item will have 2 bud eye length about 10cm, and each branch can be cut into cuttings 6~10, and cutting orchard can produce cuttage fringe per acre
Treaty 70,000.
5 cutting orchards protect young technology
Clip tloig-cutlage breeds nursery stock from cutting orchard, and through excessive generation acquisition, the mother plant for cutting age constantly increases, can make
At maturation effect.The mother plant for cutting age is bigger, and sorrow is old faster, and cutting yield is lower, and cutting propagation is taken root also more difficult, and nursery stock is made
Tree growth weakens after woods.Therefore, cutting orchard is updated at interval of 5 years new plantations, keeps cochin yellow wingceltis mother plant for cutting young age shape
State overcomes it to be converted from juvenile stage to the maturity period, has very necessary property.
Cochin yellow wingceltis mother plant for cutting young age state path is kept, can use tissue-cultured seedling, root system breeding seedling or root system rudiment
It forms new plant and is updated plantation, reach best and protect young effect.Cochin yellow wingceltis tissue-cultured seedling is bred still in experimental study, is had no
Research successfully reports that tissue culture nursery stock to be utilized updates plantation and still can not at present.Thus new plant is formed using root system rudiment
Plantation updates cutting orchard, is current main path.The root system of most of tree species will not rudiment formation new plant.But by examination
It issues after examination and approval now, after cochin yellow wingceltis is completely cured, stays root system meeting rudiment in the soil and form new plant, the hair of this excellent characteristics
It is existing, children is protected for cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard mother plant for cutting and update provides new method.
Young technology is protected in 5.1 mother plant for cutting rudiments
In South Fujian Province, cochin yellow wingceltis best cutting propagation time (temperature is at 12~22 DEG C) each front and back 10 days by the end of February.
When cuttage, after mother plant for cutting branch clip, the stump 10~15cm of average height left, and as mostly generation cuts fringe, stump can be got over
Come higher, the nursery stock maturation effect of breeding can be more obvious, and influence tree growth after afforestation, it is necessary to be overcome.It is ground through overtesting
Study carefully, second year protect children with method the following solution to mother plant for cutting to the 4th year: when cuttage branch clip, near ground
1, the spare nutrition branch of rudiment is left at rhizosphere and does not cut use, other branch whole clips, and ground diameter can reach the just benefit of cuttings requirement
With small stems on the weak side abandons.In late May, the stump of clip branch is trimmed again lower than 5cm, it is spare to continue reservation rudiment
Nutrition branch, and ground moistening is kept, net weeds are pulled out, prevent stump is low from cutting rear dead strain.To rudiment bar height 50cm or more, just into
Row selects and remain rudiment branch, and wipes out the spare nutrition branch of the rudiment left.Stump is trimmed all in accordance with the method every year later, every year
Mother plant for cutting is kept to be in young age state.
5.2 mother plant for cutting, which update, protects young technology
Mother plant for cutting is carried out to protect young processing method within 5th year: although cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard can be protected by reducing stump
Mother plant for cutting young age state is held, but is trimmed through many years and rudiment ability difference and dead strain phenomenon easily occurs.Therefore, fringe is adopted by updating
Maternal plant keeps young age state.
5.2.1 root system rush sprouts field planting in cutting orchard, after the mother plant for cutting cuttage branch clip that will be updated, pushs aside
Soil exposes root system, cuts at stump rhizosphere, and one plant of stump has a plurality of root system all to cut, and removes stump, allows and stay in soil
In root system expose soil long 2cm in face or so, then sprinkle profoundly water and usually keep ground moistening, pull out net weeds.Spring root system is cut
1 month afterwards, i.e., from root system rudiment, 1 stump cut a plurality of root system can the multiple plant of rudiment, but not all root system all can rudiment
's.As root system rudiment bar height 40cm or so, plexi rudiment bar is carried out to select and remain singling, each stump can stay 2 root system rudiments
Item, every root system select and remain 1~2 plant of rudiment bar.After rudiment bar selects and remain singling, to the root system earthing that bassets, and carries out fertilising and pull out
The management works such as grass.Root system rudiment shoot growth is good, until next year is by the end of February, cuttage branch is up to average ground diameter 1.3cm, height
1.8m or more is good cuttage fringe bar.
5.2.2 breeding root system seedling planting takes the mother plant for cutting root system that will be updated in cutting orchard in early and middle ten days in March
Cutting propagation nursery stock.The root system dug is cut into length 5cm or so cuttings, cuttage after being handled with ABT root-inducing powder.By friendship after cuttage
Toe yellow wingceltis branch cutting seedling management method is cultivated.Spring next year root system cutting propagation nursery stock height is up to 60cm or more, i.e.,
Can be out of the garden update field planting cutting orchard.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the range that the present invention that therefore, it cannot be limited according to is implemented, i.e.,
Equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the invention and the contents of the specification should still be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of construction of cochin yellow wingceltis cutting orchard and the young method of guarantor, characterized by the following steps:
(1) it collects seed: selecting 10 plants of seed collecting elite stands, acquire seed 18~32 DEG C of temperature of October, seed obtained is existed
It is dried under the sun, the room temperature storage Ba after Kui MOUNTING-EAR removal is clean；
(2) it sows: first in step (1) and dry doubling will be shone removes the seed of clean a one-legged monster in fable MOUNTING-EAR and be placed in cold water and rinse well, place into
It impregnates for 24 hours, seed was pulled in water in second day in 44~46 DEG C of warm water, to uniformly be seeded in the previous day after natural drying with height
In the soil of potassium manganate disinfection, then covering fine sand and glue build arched shed and cover plastic film heat and moisture preserving, to promote to plant
Son germination；
(3) seedbed management: after planting keeping bed surface wet, and 800~1100 times of metalaxyl fungicide are sprayed after germinateing, then every
8~12 days 800~1100 times of metalaxyls of spray or 3500~4200 times of love seedling sterilizations；
(4) bag seedling is cultivated: after seedling grows 3 true leaves, i.e., immigration 7~9*10 of specification~12cm polybag is cultivated, usually
Carry out uprooting weed, fertilising and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control work, cultivate to May next year, temperature is 20~33 DEG C, average height of seedling up to 25cm with
On, seedling is obtained, cutting orchard can be planted；
(5) site preparation makees bed: select it is sunny, close to water source but not the nonirrigated farmland or paddy field of ponding as cutting orchard, site preparation
When deep plough, peace and quiet weeds root uses sufficient base manure, and site preparation is made into seedbed, holds gutter successfully around nursery, accomplish the rainy day will not ponding,
Prevent nursery stock rotten；
(6) select seedling to be colonized: at the beginning of 5 months, temperature is 20~28 DEG C, by selection super seedling from step (4) resulting seedling
Standard is selected cochin yellow wingceltis super seedling and is colonized by spacing in the rows × line-spacing=0.4m × 0.5m, and every row plants 3 plants, is about colonized per acre
2300 plants are colonized in the seedbed of step (5), cutting orchard are established by repeatedly selecting to select the excellent nursery stock of phenotype, with expectation
Breed the high cuttage seeding of genetic gain；
(7) First Year management: start rudiment behind field planting 20 days of step (6), young sprout average height 45cm can be sprouted within 48~52 days
More than, start to select and remain rudiment branch at this time, every plant of maternal plant selects and remain 2~3, rudiment branch in the same size, and near near the ground
At border, leaving 1, the spare branch of rudiment and do nutrition branch for trimming stump from now on, remaining rudiment branch is wiped out, and every half later
Moon bud picking is primary except sprouting, and guarantees the rudiment shoot growth for concentrating nutrient supply to select and remain；Period carries out appropriate prevention and treatment pest and disease damage operation；
(8) second year and later management: every plant of mother plant for cutting selects and remain 4~5 in the same size, rudiment branch, and near near-earth
At the rhizosphere of face, 1, the spare nutrition branch of rudiment is left, remaining rudiment branch is cut, and is wanted frequent bud picking except sprouting later, is promoted to select and remain
Rudiment shoot growth；After mother plant for cutting clip cuttings, the stump left need to do reduction processing in due course to be had to overcome maturation effect
Fringe bar is produced conducive to next-generation rudiment bar is cultivated；
(9) mother plant for cutting is carried out in above-mentioned second year and later management protecting young processing, includes the following:
A, second year carried out mother plant for cutting to protect young processing method to the 4th year: when cuttage branch clip, near ground root
1, the spare nutrition branch of rudiment is left at border and does not cut use, other branch whole clips, and ground diameter can reach the just benefit of cuttings requirement
With, small stems on the weak side abandons, and in late May, temperature again trims the stump of clip branch at 20~33 DEG C and is lower than 5cm, after
The spare nutrition branch of rudiment is stayed in continuation of insurance, and keeps ground moistening, pulls out net weeds, prevents stump is low from cutting rear dead strain, to rudiment bar height
50cm or more is spent, just carries out selecting and remain rudiment branch, and wipe out the spare nutrition branch of the rudiment left.
B, mother plant for cutting is carried out to protect young processing method within the 5th year: includes the following:
A, root system rush sprouts field planting: in cutting orchard, after the mother plant for cutting cuttage branch clip that will be updated, pushing soil exposing aside
Root system is cut at stump rhizosphere, and one plant of stump has a plurality of root system all to cut, and removes stump, allows the root system stayed in the soil
Expose the long 1.5~2.5cm in native face, then sprinkle profoundly water and usually keep ground moistening, net weeds is pulled out, 1 after the cutting of spring root system
Month, i.e., from root system rudiment；As root system rudiment bar 35~45cm of height, plexi rudiment bar is carried out to select and remain singling, each stump stays 2
Root system rudiment bar, every root system select and remain 1~2 plant of rudiment bar；After rudiment bar selects and remain singling, to the root system earthing that bassets, and
Carry out the management works such as fertilising uprooting weed；By the end of February to next year, temperature is at 12~22 DEG C, cuttage branch up to average ground diameter 1.3cm,
Height 1.8m or more obtains good cuttage fringe bar；
B, breed root system seedling planting: in early and middle ten days in March, temperature at 12~23 DEG C, take will be updated in cutting orchard adopt fringe
Maternal plant root system cutting propagation nursery stock；The root system dug is cut into length 4~6cm cuttings, cuttage after being handled with ABT root-inducing powder；Skewer
The cultivation of cochin yellow wingceltis branch cutting seedling management method is pressed after inserting；Spring next year, root system cutting propagation nursery stock height was up to 60cm
More than, can be out of the garden update field planting cutting orchard；It is primary that cutting orchard is updated at interval of 5 years new plantations later.
2. construction as described in claim 1 and the young method of guarantor, it is characterised in that: the potassium permanganate sterilized in the step (2)
Multiple be 150 times.
3. construction as described in claim 1 and the young method of guarantor, it is characterised in that: cover 1~2cm thickness in the step (2)
Fine sand.
4. construction as described in claim 1 with protect young method, it is characterised in that: in the step (6), it is good fixed that when field planting, first digs
140~160g of calcium magnesium phosphate is applied in plant hole, every cave.
5. construction as described in claim 1 with protect young method, it is characterised in that: in the step (6), when field planting, is tiltedly planted, seedling
The wooden trunk and ground inclination are watered with root water after field planting at 60 degree of angles.
6. construction as described in claim 1 and the young method of guarantor, it is characterised in that: in the step (6), after field planting 1 month, gently
Compound fertilizer 30g/ plants is applied, is always applied fertilizer 2~3 times.
7. construction as described in claim 1 and the young method of guarantor, it is characterised in that: in the step (6), prevent and treat pest and disease damage operation
Select 1000 times of fungicide metalaxyl, 1000~1500 times of hundred Thailand, 4000~5000 times of seedling of love and insecticide good winter in year 1500~
2000 times, 800~1000 times of pyridine worm miaow, desinsection can be used in mixed way with fungicide, be sprayed 3~4 times.
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| CN115053744A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-09-16 | 福建省平和天马国有林场 | Upright-column-free dry-supporting planting method for dalbergia odorifera |
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| CN102783349A (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2012-11-21 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for improving breeding quality of dalbergia odorifera cuttings |
| CN102972254A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-03-20 | 云南省林业技术推广总站 | Construction method of wide and narrow row spacing hardwood scion cutting orchard for Yunnan walnut |
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| CN102783349A (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2012-11-21 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for improving breeding quality of dalbergia odorifera cuttings |
| CN102972254A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-03-20 | 云南省林业技术推广总站 | Construction method of wide and narrow row spacing hardwood scion cutting orchard for Yunnan walnut |
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| CN115053744A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-09-16 | 福建省平和天马国有林场 | Upright-column-free dry-supporting planting method for dalbergia odorifera |
| CN115053744B (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2023-09-01 | 福建省平和天马国有林场 | Planting method for toe-crossed pterocarpus santalinus without upright post drying |
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