CN109661552A - 用于带热泵的设备的热交换单元，特别是用于制造和储存冰的蒸发器 - Google Patents

用于带热泵的设备的热交换单元，特别是用于制造和储存冰的蒸发器 Download PDF

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CN109661552A
CN109661552A CN201880003278.0A CN201880003278A CN109661552A CN 109661552 A CN109661552 A CN 109661552A CN 201880003278 A CN201880003278 A CN 201880003278A CN 109661552 A CN109661552 A CN 109661552A
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heat
heat collector
entrance
flow channel
exchanger
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米洛斯拉夫·米拉
简·索克泽夫卡
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Malbudespoka Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F25B39/028—Evaporators having distributing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/05316—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05341—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0075—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with particular circuits for the same heat exchange medium, e.g. with the same heat exchange medium flowing through sections having different heat exchange capacities or for heating or cooling the same heat exchange medium at different temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
    • F28F9/0273—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
    • F28F9/0275—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple branch pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F24F2005/0025—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using heat exchange fluid storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C1/00—Producing ice
    • F25C1/12—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
    • F28F1/22—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2270/00—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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    • Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying

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Abstract

热交换单元包括通过入口集热器(7.1、7.2)和出口集热器(8.1、8.2)并入热工作介质回路中的两个相似的热交换器(2.1、2.2)。入口集热器(7.1、7.2)和出口集热器(8.1、8.2)通过垂直管状流动通道(5.1、5.2)连接。对于两个热交换器(2.1、2.2)，流动通道(5.1、5.2)与出口集热器(8.1、8.2)连接处的最终部分(10.1、10.2)相对于散热器(4)的板弯曲，弯曲尺寸(e)大于入口集热器(7.1、7.2)和出口集热器(8.1、8.2)的外径总和的一半。在入口集热器(7.1、7.2)内部引入管状喷嘴分配器，其在侧面具有多个喷嘴孔，与流动通道(5.1、5.2)同轴定向。喷嘴孔的直径从热工作介质供应端连续增加。第一(2.1)和第二(2.2)热交换器的喷嘴分配器构建在两个入口集热器(7.1、7.2)的相邻端部中。热交换器(2.1、2.2)叠置，使得流动通道(5.1、5.2)的长直部分在散热器平面内相互交替，并与散热器(4)的一个共用板连接。

Description

用于带热泵的设备的热交换单元，特别是用于制造和储存冰 的蒸发器
本发明的一个目的是一种用于具有热泵的设备的热交换单元，特别是在制造和储存冰的装置中用作蒸发器。
不同温度的液体流之间的热交换是许多工业设备和家用个人设备的基础。最常见的是具有隔板的热交换器，交叉流动的液体通过该隔板发生热交换。除了例如汽车散热器、锅炉和太阳能集热器之外，交换器还用于制冷和空调，在带有热泵的设备中实现林德热力循环。
在许多已知的热交换器中，经常使用具有称为“竖琴”的结构***的解决方案。例如，在专利说明书WO2013055519、US20120292004和US20150122470中描述了这种交换器。此类交换器包括入口集热器和出口集热器，其包括在热工作介质的循环中，在平行且间隔开的位置通过垂直管状流动通道连接。在WO2013055519的交换器中，流动通道连接到散热器板，该散热器板可以是具有多个凹槽的腹板，所述凹槽紧密地附着流动通道的管道上，或者在将两个这样的腹板连接在一起之后，它们形成表面单元以确保良好的导热性。
热交换器的效率主要取决于热交换表面和该表面上的均匀温度条件。在US2012092004的交换器中—为了确保通过垂直于入口集热器连接的所有流动通道的最均匀流动以及在其中和在特定位置同时发生类似的相变—使用管状喷嘴分配器，其中基于图6描述了一个实施例。分配器纵向***集热器中并且具有沿侧面与流动通道同轴的喷嘴孔。入口集热器壁中的流动通道孔与喷嘴孔之间存在间隙，其中流的涡流被抑制—这对于初始部分中的喷嘴尤其重要。管状喷嘴分配器的壁中的喷嘴孔的直径从热工作介质的供应端连续增大。该描述包括用于交换器的一个示例性实施方案的各流动通道的流速图。说明书US20150122470示出了管状喷嘴分配器的概念，其包括将分配管缩短至入口集热器的1/3至3/4长度，并且盲端同时扩大最后一个喷嘴孔。根据申请人，根据该发明制造的原型装置在各个流动通道中显示出几乎均匀的流速，优选减小了出口集热器上的压降—根据发明人，与传统解决方案相比，这导致交换器效率增加约15％。
专利说明书JPH08261518也公开了一种用于制冰装置的交换器。水平布置并且彼此间隔开的交换器的散热器包括在热泵的热力学回路中作为蒸发器。沿着曲折的流动通道的孔两侧，在散热器板中设置开孔，所述开孔有助于在除冰阶段利用冷凝器上的蒸发器功能切换交换器循环后将冰与热水流分离。
在竖琴交换器中，特别是高效热交换器中，热工作介质在入口集热器处开始相变，穿过流动通道并在出口集热器处终止—导致在热交换表面上的温度差。对于许多带有热泵的设备，整个交换表面上的温度均匀性对于其效率是非常重要的。例如，除了冰箱之外，该值对用于空调的冰和冷水设备也很重要。
如前述已知解决方案，根据本发明的热交换单元包括通过入口集热器和出口集热器连接至热泵的热工作介质回路的管式热交换器。平行且远距离设置的集热器通过垂直于集热器的管状流动通道连接，并通过散热器板连接在一起，同时保持导热性。在侧面具有多个喷嘴孔的管状喷嘴分配器沿着入口集热器向内引入，所述喷嘴孔与流动通道同轴定向。管状喷嘴分配器中的喷嘴孔的直径从热工作介质供应端开始连续增加。本发明的实质在于，热交换单元包括同时引入热泵回路中的两个相同的热交换器。与出口集热器连接的流动通道的最终部分从散热器平面弯曲，其由从入口集热器出来的流动通道的长直部分确定。偏转的尺寸大于入口和出口集热器外径之和的一半。热交换器叠置，使得它们的流动通道的长直部分在散热器平面中彼此交替，并且与散热器的一个共用板连接。在该单元的一侧具有：彼此平行的第一交换器的入口集热器和第二交换器的出口集热器，在另一侧具有：第二交换器的入口集热器和第一交换器的出口集热器。第一和第二热交换器的喷嘴分配器构建在两个入口集热器的相邻端部中。
优选地，在所述单元两侧的入口集热器和出口集热器之间设置集热器间绝热带，利用不同物理状态的不同介质将具有不同温度的管道分开。
在散热器平面水平设置的结构条件下，优选两个热交换器中的入口集热器位于出口集热器的上方。
在另一个优选实施方案中，两个交换器的出口集热器之间的表面用附着在流动通道上的反向板覆盖。利用低导热系数材料制成的反向板单侧定向传热的解决方案对于水平单元，例如作为蒸发器引入热泵中的制冰装置是非常有用的。由具有良好导热性材料制成的反向板是从流动通道双向热辐射的条件，这对于垂直结构单元是优选的。
在下一改进中，在单元两侧的彼此相邻的成对的入口集热器和出口集热器用边缘隔热层纵向覆盖。
同时将两个类似的竖琴交换器引入热泵回路中，流动通道交替地位于一个平面中并与共用散热器板连接，导致相邻流动通道中的热工作介质沿相反方向行进但温度场的等温线具有局部和纵向的重叠。结果，在散热器板的整个表面上产生均匀的温度分布。热交换单元的高效率影响整体尺寸的减小。此外，在根据本发明的单元的水平安装中，朝向流动通道的最终部分的出口集热器的向下弯曲导致悬浮在热工作介质中的油—通过压缩机引入—自由地滴入集热器中，这在下一操作周期中显著促进设备的启动。
对根据本发明的解决方案的完全理解使得可以描述热交换单元的示例性实施方式，该热交换单元作为蒸发器引入到用于制造和储存冰的装置中的热泵回路中。所述单元示于附图，附图示出：
图1-单元视图；
图2-单元的透视图；
图3-穿过第一交换器的流动通道的轴线的垂直截面图；
图4和图5-根据图2中的线A-A，热交换表面的两个示例性实施例的垂直截面的中间部分；
图6–穿过第一热交换器的流动通道的轴线的根据图2中的线C-C的单元的垂直截面图；
图7–穿过第二热交换器的流动通道的轴线的根据图2中的线D-D的单元的垂直截面图；
图8–具有反向板和边缘隔热层的热交换单元的左侧的垂直截面图。
热交换单元1包括两个类似的管式热交换器2和3，它们同时引入热泵的热工作介质的回路中。所述单元可以执行蒸发器和冷凝器的功能，可以在水平或垂直位置工作。具有竖琴***的每个交换器2和3具有彼此间隔开的平行的入口集热器7和出口集热器8。第一交换器2的集热器7.1和8.1以及第二交换器3的集热器7.2和8.2通过垂直设置的多个管状流动通道5.1和5.2连接。流动通道5.1和5.2到出口集热器8.1、8.2的最终部分10.1和10.2的偏转尺寸(e)大于入口集热器7.1和7.2的外径d1和出口集热器8.1和8.2的外径d2之和的一半—如图3所示。通过叠置交换器2和3，第一交换器2的入口集热器7.1和第二交换器3的出口集热器8.2彼此平行地设置在热交换单元1的一侧，并且第二交换器3的入口集热器7.2和第一交换器2的出口集热器8.1位于另一侧。流动通道5.1和5.2通过在两个交换器2和3的入口集热器7.1和7.2之间的高导热系数材料制成的散热器4的板连接—同时保持良好的导热性。在侧面具有多个喷嘴孔12并且与流动通道5.1和5.2的入口13同轴定向的管状喷嘴分配器11沿纵向引入到入口集热器7.1和7.2的内部。喷嘴孔12的直径d3从热工作介质供应端连续增大。在入口集热器7.1、7.2和出口集热器8.1、8.2之间，在所述单元的两侧引入集热器间绝缘带14，其将不同温度的流体流过的管道进行热分离。
如图6和7所示以及热交换单元水平安装的条件下，两个热交换器2和3中的入口集热器7.1和7.2布置在出口集热器8.1和8.2的上方。图8示出了所述单元水平安装引入热泵回路中作为蒸发器的实施方式，其中两个交换器2和3的出口集热器8.1和8.2之间的表面用绝热材料的反向板6覆盖。在反向板6中设置包括流动通道5.1和5.2的凹槽，这允许反向板6附着到散热器4的板上。在制冰装置中使用所述单元时补充引入边缘绝热层15，包括在两侧彼此纵向相邻的成对的入口集热器7.1、7.2和出口集热器8.2、8.1。在该装置的操作中—在具有恒定系数差的物理转变阶段中通过热工作介质的连续逆流流动提供给散热器的热量的局部均衡获得在散热器的整个表面上的温度均匀性—这对于设备中的冰的生产效率和储存容量至关重要。
附图标记列表
1.热交换单元
2.第一换热器
3.第二热交换器
4.散热器板
5.流动通道
5.1第一交换器的流动通道
5.2第二交换器的流道
6.反向板
7.入口集热器
7.1第一交换器的入口集热器
7.2第二交换器的入口集热器
8.出口集热器
8.1第一换热器的出口集热器
8.2第二交换器的出口集热器
9-9散热器平面
10.流动通道的最后部分
10.1第一交换器的流动通道最后部分
10.2第二交换器的流动通道最后部分
11.管状喷嘴分配器
12.喷嘴孔
13.流动通道入口
14.集热极间绝缘带
15.边缘绝热层
e.入口集热器相对于出口集热器的偏移尺寸
d1.入口集热器的外径
d2.出口集热器的外径
d3.喷嘴孔的直径
热工作介质的流动方向

Claims (6)

1.一种用于具有热泵的设备的热交换单元，特别是用于制造和储存冰的设备中的蒸发器，包括热交换器(2、3)，所述热交换器(2、3)通过入口集热器(7.1、7.2)和出口集热器(8.1、8.2)包括在热工作介质回路中，所述入口集热器(7.1、7.2)和出口集热器(8.1、8.2)通过垂直管状流动通道(5.1、5.2)在平行位置连接并且与散热器(4)的板连接，而且其中在入口集热器(7.1、7.2)内部纵向***有管状喷嘴分配器(11)，其在侧面具有多个喷嘴孔(12)，与流动通道(5)同轴定向，并且其直径d3从热工作介质供应端连续增加，
其特征在于，所述热交换单元包括同时并入热泵回路中的两个相似的热交换器(2、3)，其中流动通道(5.1、5.2)与所述出口集热器(8.1、8.2)连接的最终部分(10.1、10.2)相对于散热器板(9-9)弯曲–由从入口集热器(7.1、7.2)出来的流动通道(5.1、5.2)的长直部分确定–弯曲尺寸(e)大于入口集热器(7.1、7.2)和出口集热器(8.1、8.2)的外径(d1、d2)总和的一半，所述热交换器(2、3)叠置，使得流动通道(5.1、5.2)的长直部分在散热器平面(9-9)内相互交替，并与散热器(4)的一个共用板连接，第一交换器(2)的入口集热器(7.1)和第二交换器(3)的出口集热器(8.2)彼此平行设置在该单元的一侧，并且第二交换器(3)的入口集热器(7.2)和第一交换器(2)的出口集热器(8.1)位于另一侧，而且第一交换器(2)和第二交换器(3)的喷嘴分配器(11)设置在两个入口集热器(7.1、7.2)的相邻端部中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热交换单元，其特征在于，在所述热交换器(2、3)的入口集热器(7.1、7.2)和出口集热器(8.1、8.2)之间，在所述热交换单元的两侧引入集热器间绝热带(14)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热交换单元，其特征在于，在散热器平面(9-9)水平设置的结构条件下，两个热交换器(2、3)中的入口集热器(7.1、7.2)位于出口集热器(8.1、8.2)的上方。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的热交换单元，其特征在于，两个交换器(2、3)的出口集热器(8.1、8.2)之间的表面被附着在流动通道(5.1、5.2)上的反向板(6)覆盖。
5.根据权利要求4所述的热交换单元，其特征在于，在散热器平面(9-9)水平设置的结构条件下，所述反向板由具有低导热系数的材料制成。
6.根据权利要求1或2或3或5所述的热交换单元，其特征在于，在所述单元(1)两侧的相邻对的入口集热器(7.1、7.2)和出口集热器(8.2、8.1)的区域纵向覆盖有边缘隔热层(15)。
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