CN109631812A - A kind of method of automatic measurement gear size - Google Patents
A kind of method of automatic measurement gear size Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109631812A CN109631812A CN201811637620.0A CN201811637620A CN109631812A CN 109631812 A CN109631812 A CN 109631812A CN 201811637620 A CN201811637620 A CN 201811637620A CN 109631812 A CN109631812 A CN 109631812A
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- gear
- tooth
- gauge head
- angle
- measured
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
- Gear Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of automatic measurement gear size, including the following steps: (1) before three coordinate measuring machine put tested gear；(2) three coordinate measuring machine demarcates gauge head；(3) gauge head is configured, including single gauge head mode and more gauge head modes；(4) theoretical parameter of the tested gear is set；(5) three coordinate measuring machine measures the tested gear, exports actual parameter value；(6) theoretical parameter is compared the three coordinate measuring machine with the actual parameter, obtains the difference scores of the tested gear.The present invention overcomes three coordinate measuring machines to be only capable of measuring the problem of small lot, single workpiece and gear size measurement must buy a large amount of test equipments, that is, improves high-volume gear size test problems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automatic control technology field more particularly to a kind of methods of automatic measurement gear size.
Background technique
Gear drive is one of most important driving form in machine driving, it in modern mechanical using extremely wide,
And the precision of gear size will significantly influence the service life of gear drive process middle gear, machine degree of running smoothly, make an uproar
Sound etc.., there are machining accuracy, installation accuracy etc. in the main reason for influencing gear-driven accuracy, the detection one for gear size precision
It is directly people's concern.
Method used by detecting at present for gear size is monodentate meshing device, bi-tooth gearing instrument, tooth runout instrument, number
The methods of word DIC Method, three coordinate measuring machine, laser measurement, but need to buy a large amount of measuring devices, and measuring device is all
Costly.Especially monodentate meshing device, bi-tooth gearing instrument, tooth runout instrument only measure a certain parameter of gear, can not
Measure all parameters of gear.For also having certain limitation to gear size measurement using digital image correlation technique.Due to
Loading by means of digital image correlation method measure when be only capable of extracting a certain flat image information, and be only capable of measuring workpiece space size it is relatively simple or
Single workpiece have=has certain limitation for workpiece such as Complicated Spatial Structure gear such as helical gears.
Therefore, against the above deficiency, it is desirable to provide a kind of method of automatic measurement gear size.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that for the defects in the prior art, providing a kind of automatic measurement tooth
The method of size of wheel solves high-volume gear size and detects automatically, reduces a large amount of expensive measuring instruments of enterprise's purchase and reduce people
Member's cost.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of methods of automatic measurement gear size, improve it
Be in: described method includes following steps:
(1) tested gear is put before three coordinate measuring machine；
(2) three coordinate measuring machine demarcates gauge head；
(3) gauge head is configured, including single gauge head mode and more gauge head modes；
(4) theoretical parameter of the tested gear is set；
(5) three coordinate measuring machine measures the tested gear, exports actual parameter value；
(6) theoretical parameter is compared the three coordinate measuring machine with the actual parameter, obtains described tested
The difference scores of gear.
Wherein: when step (1) puts tested gear, being lain on the lathe of the three coordinate measuring machine, and set
First tooth of the tested gear to gear centre line, it is parallel with the front axis of the lathe；
If described be measured gears as gear shaft, the tested gear shaft of setting is upright, i.e., the described gear is axial to be sat with described three
The Z axis of co-ordinate measuring machine setting is consistent.
Wherein: when step (3) configures the gauge head, the three coordinate measuring machine is according to the class of the tested gear
Type is configured, comprising:
When it is described be measured gears as internal tooth when, single gauge head pattern configurations of progress are as follows: correction A=0 ° of angle, angle B=
0°；
When it is described be measured gears as internal tooth when, more gauge head pattern configurations of progress are as follows: correction A=0 ° of angle, angle B=
0°；When internal gear tooth tip diameter is more than or equal to 2 times of gauge head length, A=90 ° of angle, angle B=- 180 °~+180 ° are corrected
Institute it is angled；When with the internal gear tooth tip diameter less than 2 times of gauge head length, a stylus of star-like gauge head is installed,
After the at L-shaped stylus of structure, A=0 ° of angle is corrected, the institute of angle B=- 180 °~+180 ° is angled；
When it is described be measured gears as external tooth spur gear when, single gauge head pattern configurations of progress are as follows: correction A=0 ° of angle, angle
B=0 ° of degree；
When it is described be measured gears as external tooth spur gear or external tooth helical gear when, more gauge head pattern configurations of progress are as follows: school
A=0 ° of positive-angle, angle B=0 °；It is angled with the institute of A=90 ° of angle of correction, angle B=- 180 °~+180 °.
Wherein: the theoretical parameter that step (4) sets the tested gear includes:
The axis or centre bore sampling site number of gear, the total number of teeth of gear, normal direction modulus, modification coefficient, pressure angle, helical angle,
Involute it is to be measured points, measured on teeth directional points, the facewidth, the complete measument number of teeth and along Z-direction in datum plane sampling site
Number.
Wherein: the step of step (5) three coordinate measuring machine measures the tested gear includes:
1) it is measured a bit among the first tooth of tested gear, the three coordinate measuring machine is according to the class of the tested gear
Type is judged, if the external tooth, then the gauge head is moved to+Y axis coordinate on and with 0 outside shortest tooth, right
Answer the intermediate measurement of tooth top a bit；If the internal tooth, then the gauge head is moved to+Y axis coordinate on and it is most short with 0 distance
Tooth socket in, the tooth socket intermediate measurement a bit；If helical teeth, then the gauge head is moved in the height of tested tooth
Between, make Z axis Z=0；According to the type of tested gear described above, measured a bit in the tooth top or the intermediate of the tooth socket；
2) it is measured a bit at the left involute root circle of the tested gear；
3) it is measured a bit at the left involute teeth tip circle of the tested gear.
Wherein: being measured gears as external tooth when described, when carrying out single gauge head pattern configurations, the tested gear thickness need to be less than
The effective active length of stylus, and be straight-tooth；
It is measured gears as internal tooth when described, when carrying out single gauge head pattern configurations, the tested gear thickness need to be less than stylus
Effective active length, and be straight-tooth.
Wherein: when the theoretical parameter of the setting tested gear:
Helical angle setting dextrorotation is positive；
Involute points setting to be measured is greater than 4；
The points measured on teeth directional are greater than 4.
Wherein: step 3) is when measuring a bit at the left involute root circle:
If tested gear is external tooth, root circle is first measured, measures outside circle afterwards；
If tested gear is internal tooth, outside circle is first measured, measures root circle afterwards.
Implement of the invention, has the advantages that
The present invention mainly utilizes three coordinate measuring machine and the gear measurement program of independent development to high-volume gear size number
It is analyzed according to progress automatic collection, and to the gear measurement parameter of measuring machine acquisition, to obtain gear comprehensive profile error, tooth
Shape error, circular pitch error, circle bounce, average tooth thickness error, maximum tooth thickness error, minimum tooth thickness error.
The present invention can support one-site model at a slow speed, also support the scan pattern and five axis gauge head modes of high speed, therefore
Efficiency is improved, and it prestores all metrical informations, can quickly be positioned and automatic capturing, and measurement efficiency is improved.
Only being capable of measuring small lot, single workpiece and gear size measurement the present invention overcomes three coordinate measuring machine must buy
The problem of a large amount of test equipments, improves high-volume gear size test problems.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 be it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention provide parameter after, involute composition error figure and teeth directional composition error figure；
Fig. 3 be it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention provide parameter after, circular pitch error figure and accumulative pitch error figure；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention taken when measuring to the first tooth of external tooth a little；
The schematic diagram of probe location when Fig. 5 is angle A=0 ° provided in an embodiment of the present invention, angle B=0 °；
The schematic diagram of probe location when Fig. 6 is angle A=90 ° provided in an embodiment of the present invention, angle B=0o；
In figure, FfFor comprehensive profile error, ffFor profile error, F is comprehensive tooth alignment error, FβfFor tooth alignment error, FpFor week
Save accumulated error, fpFor circular pitch error, FrFor circle bounce, AES is average tooth thickness error, and UES is maximum tooth thickness error, and LES is most
Small tooth thickness error.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
Member's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of method that the present embodiment proposes automatic measurement gear size, flow chart is as shown in Figure 1, specifically include as follows
Step:
(1) tested gear is put before three coordinate measuring machine；When putting tested gear, is lain in three coordinate and surveyed
On the lathe of amount machine, and set front axis of the first tooth of the tested gear to the line of gear centre, with the lathe
Line is parallel；If described be measured gears as gear shaft, the tested gear shaft of setting is upright, i.e., the described gear axial direction and three coordinate
The Z axis of measuring machine setting is consistent.First tooth of the present embodiment voluntarily and is arbitrarily set by user, in order to gauge head angle
Matching, it is with+Y-axis apart from shortest tooth that the present embodiment, which sets the first tooth,.
(2) three coordinate measuring machine demarcates gauge head；
(3) gauge head is configured, including single gauge head mode and more gauge head modes；It is true in the three coordinate measuring machine
After the type of the fixed tested gear, configure as follows:
When it is described be measured gears as internal tooth when, single gauge head pattern configurations of progress are as follows: correction A=0 ° of angle, angle B=
0 °, as shown in Figure 5；
When it is described be measured gears as internal tooth when, more gauge head pattern configurations of progress are as follows: correction A=0 ° of angle, angle B=0 °
(gauge head vertically downward)；When internal gear tooth tip diameter is more than or equal to 2 times of gauge head length, A=90 ° of angle, angle B are corrected
=-180 °~+180 ° of institute is angled；When with the internal gear tooth tip diameter less than 2 times of gauge head length, star-like survey is installed
One stylus of head after the at L-shaped stylus of structure, corrects A=0 ° of angle, the institute of angle B=- 180 °~+180 ° is angled；Work as correction
Angle A=90 °, the institute of angle B=- 180 °~+180 ° are angled.If schematic diagram such as Fig. 6 of angle A=90 °, angle B=0 °
It is shown.
When it is described be measured gears as external tooth spur gear when, single gauge head pattern configurations of progress are as follows: correction A=0 ° of angle, angle
B=0 ° of degree；
When it is described be measured gears as external tooth spur gear or external tooth helical gear when (including gear hole and gear shaft product), into
Capable more gauge head pattern configurations are as follows: correction A=0 ° of angle, angle B=0 °；With correction A=90 ° of angle, angle B=- 180 °~+
180 ° of institute is angled.
Current embodiment require that it is noted that internal tooth, when carrying out single gauge head pattern configurations, the quilt described ought be measured gears as
The effective active length of stylus need to be less than by surveying gear thickness, and be straight-tooth.It is measured gears as external tooth when described, carries out single gauge head mode
When configuration, the tested gear thickness need to be less than the effective active length of stylus, and be straight-tooth.
(4) theoretical parameter of the tested gear is set, comprising: in axis or centre bore sampling site number, the total tooth of gear of gear
It is number, normal direction modulus, modification coefficient, pressure angle, helical angle, involute points to be measured, the points measured on teeth directional, the facewidth, complete
The number of teeth is measured entirely and along Z-direction in datum plane sampling site number.Specifically, the present embodiment is in the theory for setting the tested gear
When parameter:
Helical angle setting dextrorotation is positive；
Involute points setting to be measured is greater than 4；
The points measured on teeth directional are greater than 4.
(5) three coordinate measuring machine measures the tested gear, exports actual parameter value；The step measured
Suddenly include:
1) it is measured a bit among the first tooth of tested gear, the three coordinate measuring machine is according to the class of the tested gear
Type is judged, if the external tooth, then the gauge head is moved to+Y axis coordinate on and (be defined as apart from shortest tooth with 0
First tooth) outside, it is measured a bit, as shown in stain in Fig. 4 in the intermediate of tooth crest of the tooth；If the internal tooth, then described
Gauge head is moved to+Y axis coordinate on and with 0 in shortest tooth socket, the tooth socket intermediate measurement a bit；If helical teeth,
Then the gauge head is moved among the height of tested tooth, makes Z axis Z=0；According to the type of tested gear described above, in institute
The middle part for stating tooth top or the tooth socket, a bit along +Y direction measurement；
2) it is measured a bit at the left involute root circle of the tested gear；
3) it is measured at the left involute teeth tip circle of the tested gear a bit, wherein if tested gear is external tooth, first
Root circle is measured, measures outside circle afterwards；If tested gear is internal tooth, outside circle is first measured, measures root circle afterwards.
(6) theoretical parameter is compared the three coordinate measuring machine with the actual parameter, obtains described tested
The difference scores of gear.
The present embodiment is illustrated by taking following parameter as an example.Parameter setting are as follows: modulus 2.5, transverse tooth thickness 3.927, circular pitch
It is 7.854, the number of teeth 30, reference diameter 75.000, outside diameter circle 80.000, base circle diameter (BCD) 70.000, displacement system
Number is 0.000, pressure angle 2.500, helical angle 0.000, measuring head diameter 1.957.Gear is being tested by sheet template
After tolerance (unit be μm), inscribed when same, by the method for the present embodiment, automatic measurement number the 1st, 8,16,23 this 4
The involute error (involute composition error figure) and tooth alignment error (teeth directional composition error of the left and right sides of a complete measurement tooth
Figure) as shown in Figure 2.What is predominantly detected in involute errors table is involute (internal tooth and external tooth, straight-tooth and helical tooth all include)
The precision of processing.What is predominantly detected in tooth alignment error table is straight line (straight-tooth) or helical line error (helical tooth).By contrast, scheme
It is similar with the output report at professional gear testing center that content is exported in 2, is comparable.
It sets in above-mentioned parameter with value, and after the tolerance of given tested gear, the tooth thickness error figure of obtained gear
Circular pitch error (being also pitch error), the accumulative pitch error of circular runout and the left and right sides in shape, reference circle (are also tooth pitch
Accumulated error) as shown in Figure 3.The definition of its test result and standards for gears and the Graphics Report of industrial specification are comparable.
It can be seen that only by the schematic diagram of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 through three coordinate measuring machine and method of the invention, can survey
Gear size out saves cost and manpower instead of original expensive device for needing independent measurement under equivalent effect, and
The time is saved.
In conclusion existing three-dimensional coordinates measurement gear, is usually equipped with turntable, is measured using generation method, it is as special
Three coordinate gear measuring centers come using therefore being difficult to be used further to the measurement of other parts；The characteristics of the present embodiment is,
It is configured without increasing, the control and measurement of involute motion is also achieved, so the survey of common parts had both may be implemented in this method
Amount, also may be implemented the measurement of gear.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；
And these are modified or replaceed, technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method of automatic measurement gear size, it is characterised in that: described method includes following steps:
(1) tested gear is put before three coordinate measuring machine；
(2) three coordinate measuring machine demarcates gauge head；
(3) gauge head is configured, including single gauge head mode and more gauge head modes；
(4) theoretical parameter of the tested gear is set；
(5) three coordinate measuring machine measures the tested gear, exports actual parameter value；
(6) theoretical parameter is compared the three coordinate measuring machine with the actual parameter, obtains the tested gear
Difference scores.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: being lain in described when step (1) puts tested gear
On the lathe of three coordinate measuring machine, and the first tooth of the tested gear is set to the line of gear centre, with the lathe
Front axis is parallel；
If described be measured gears as gear shaft, the tested gear shaft of setting is upright, i.e., the described gear is axial to be surveyed with three coordinate
The Z axis of amount machine setting is consistent.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: described three sit when step (3) configures the gauge head
Co-ordinate measuring machine is configured according to the type of the tested gear, comprising:
When it is described be measured gears as internal tooth when, single gauge head pattern configurations of progress are as follows: correction A=0 ° of angle, angle B=0 °；
When it is described be measured gears as internal tooth when, more gauge head pattern configurations of progress are as follows: correction A=0 ° of angle, angle B=0 °；It is interior
When gear teeth tips diameter is more than or equal to 2 times of gauge head length, the institute of A=90 ° of angle, angle B=- 180 °~+180 ° is corrected
It is angled；When with the internal gear tooth tip diameter less than 2 times of gauge head length, a stylus of star-like gauge head is installed, constitutes L
After shape stylus, A=0 ° of angle is corrected, the institute of angle B=- 180 °~+180 ° is angled；
When it is described be measured gears as external tooth spur gear when, single gauge head pattern configurations of progress are as follows: correction A=0 ° of angle, angle B=
0°；
When it is described be measured gears as external tooth spur gear or external tooth helical gear when, more gauge head pattern configurations of progress are as follows: correction angle
Spend A=0 °, angle B=0 °；It is angled with the institute of A=90 ° of angle of correction, angle B=- 180 °~+180 °.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized by: step (4) sets the theoretical parameter packet of the tested gear
It includes:
In the axis or centre bore sampling site number of gear, the total number of teeth of gear, normal direction modulus, modification coefficient, pressure angle, helical angle, gradually open
Line it is to be measured points, measured on teeth directional points, the facewidth, the complete measument number of teeth and along Z-direction in datum plane sampling site number.
5. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized by: step (5) three coordinate measuring machine is to the tested tooth
Taking turns the step of measuring includes:
1) measured a bit among the first tooth of tested gear, the three coordinate measuring machine according to the type of the tested gear into
Row judgement, if the external tooth, then the gauge head is moved to+Y axis coordinate on and with 0 outside shortest tooth, in corresponding teeth
The intermediate measurement on top is a bit；If the internal tooth, then the gauge head is moved to+Y axis coordinate on and with 0 apart from shortest tooth
In slot, intermediate in the tooth socket is measured a bit；If helical teeth, then the gauge head is moved among the height of tested tooth, makes Z
Axis Z=0；According to the type of tested gear described above, measured a bit in the tooth top or the intermediate of the tooth socket；
2) it is measured a bit at the left involute root circle of the tested gear；
3) it is measured a bit at the left involute teeth tip circle of the tested gear.
6. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized by: being measured gears as external tooth, the single gauge head mode of progress when described
When configuration, the tested gear thickness need to be less than the effective active length of stylus, and be straight-tooth；
It is measured gears as internal tooth when described, when carrying out single gauge head pattern configurations, it is effective that the tested gear thickness need to be less than stylus
Active length, and be straight-tooth.
7. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized by: when setting the theoretical parameter of the tested gear:
Helical angle setting dextrorotation is positive；
Involute points setting to be measured is greater than 4；
The points measured on teeth directional are greater than 4.
8. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized by: step 3) is measuring one at the left involute root circle
When point:
If tested gear is external tooth, root circle is first measured, measures outside circle afterwards；
If tested gear is internal tooth, outside circle is first measured, measures root circle afterwards.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811637620.0A CN109631812B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Method for automatically measuring size of gear |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811637620.0A CN109631812B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | Method for automatically measuring size of gear |
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| CN109631812A true CN109631812A (en) | 2019-04-16 |
| CN109631812B CN109631812B (en) | 2020-12-18 |
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| CN111693001A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-09-22 | 合肥京亿盛精密科技有限公司 | Three-coordinate detection tool |
| CN112923890A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-08 | 浙江万向精工有限公司 | Measurement and evaluation method for spline tooth shape error |
| CN114719806A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-08 | 中国航发南方工业有限公司 | Digital measuring method for arc end teeth |
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| CN114719806B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2024-03-19 | 中国航发南方工业有限公司 | Digital measuring method for arc end teeth |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109631812B (en) | 2020-12-18 |
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