CN109624962B - 混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109624962B
CN109624962B CN201811127796.1A CN201811127796A CN109624962B CN 109624962 B CN109624962 B CN 109624962B CN 201811127796 A CN201811127796 A CN 201811127796A CN 109624962 B CN109624962 B CN 109624962B
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internal combustion
combustion engine
hybrid vehicle
rotation speed
driving force
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CN109624962A (zh
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由井直基
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明提供一种混合动力车辆，其能够不依赖于在减速行驶的期间要求驱动力增加了时的行驶速度地实现加速响应性的提高。混合动力车辆具备：第一旋转电机，其与输出轴连接；内燃机；以及第二旋转电机，其与内燃机连接。另外，混合动力车辆具备：导出部，其导出要求驱动力，该要求驱动力基于由该混合动力车辆的驾驶员操作的加速踏板的开度而产生；以及控制部，其根据该要求驱动力来控制内燃机、第一旋转电机及第二旋转电机。控制部在通过第一旋转电机的动力使混合动力车辆行驶的期间，将要求驱动力为0以下时的内燃机的转速保持为规定值，该规定值是基于混合动力车辆的行驶速度而可变的规定值，行驶速度越大，则该规定值越高。

Description

混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力车辆。
背景技术
专利文献1中记载有内燃机和电动机的复合型车辆驱动装置。在该复合型车辆驱动装置中，在内燃机上连接有具备闭锁离合器的变速器，并且经由减速装置驱动驱动轮。另外，在变速器上连接有驱动驱动轮的第一电动机。而且，在由内燃机驱动的辅助设备和内燃机的曲轴之间夹装有离合器装置，并且设置第二电动机以能够驱动辅助设备。在这种结构的复合型车辆驱动装置中，在与停止向内燃机供给燃料相伴的车辆减速时，通过第二电动机经由离合器装置对内燃机进行电动驱动，来避免内燃机的转速过度降低甚至内燃机的停止。
在先技术文献
专利文献1：日本特开平10-339182号公报
在上述说明的专利文献1中记载的复合型车辆驱动装置中，转换到第二电动机对内燃机进行电动驱动的电动驱动减速模式时，控制内燃机的转速收敛到目标发动机转速。因此，如果在该模式时踩踏加速踏板，则能够通过重新开始燃料喷射而立即开始内燃机的独立运转，并能够转换到加速，但充分加速所需的输出根据踩踏加速踏板时的车速等而不同。但是，在专利文献1中记载的复合型车辆驱动装置中，由于不依赖于车速的变化地设定目标发动机转速，因此根据踩踏加速踏板时的车速的不同而无法实现足够的加速响应性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种混合动力车辆，能够实现在减速行驶中要求驱动力增加了时的不依赖于行驶速度的加速响应性的提高。
为了实现上述目的，技术方案1所述的发明涉及一种混合动力车辆，其具备：第一旋转电机(例如后述实施方式中的第一旋转电机MG1)，其与输出轴(例如后述实施方式中的驱动轴9)连接；
内燃机(例如后述实施方式中的内燃机ENG)；以及
第二旋转电机(例如后述实施方式中的第二旋转电机MG2)，其与所述内燃机连接，其中，
所述混合动力车辆还具备：
导出部(例如后述实施方式中的要求驱动力导出部153)，其导出要求驱动力，该要求驱动力基于供所述混合动力车辆的驾驶员操作的加速踏板的开度(例如后述实施方式中的AP开度)而产生；以及
控制部(例如后述实施方式中的控制部155)，其根据所述要求驱动力来控制所述内燃机、所述第一旋转电机及所述第二旋转电机，
所述控制部在通过所述第一旋转电机的动力使所述混合动力车辆行驶的期间，将所述要求驱动力为0以下时的所述内燃机的转速保持为规定值，该规定值是基于所述混合动力车辆的行驶速度得到的可变的规定值，
所述行驶速度越大，则所述规定值越高。
技术方案2所述的发明以技术方案1所述的发明为基础，
所述控制部在通过被供给如下电力的所述第一旋转电机的动力使所述混合动力车辆行驶的期间，将所述要求驱动力为0以下时的所述内燃机的转速保持为所述规定值，所述电力是通过所述内燃机的动力使所述第二旋转电机发出的电力。
技术方案3所述的发明以技术方案1或2所述的发明为基础，所述混合动力车辆还具备断接部(例如后述实施方式中的闭锁离合器CL)，该断接部使所述内燃机与所述输出轴之间的动力的传递路径断开或连接，
所述规定值是在使所述断接部接合的状态下所述混合动力车辆行驶的情况下的所述内燃机的转速以下的值。
技术方案4所述的发明以技术方案1至3中任一项所述的发明为基础，所述规定值是高于所述内燃机的怠速动作时的转速的值。
技术方案5所述的发明以技术方案1至4中任一项所述的发明为基础，
所述控制部在控制将所述内燃机的转速保持为所述规定值时，以通过所述内燃机的动力使所述第二旋转电机发电的方式进行控制。
技术方案6所述的发明以技术方案5所述的发明为基础，
所述混合动力车辆还具备蓄电器(例如后述实施方式中的蓄电器BAT)，该蓄电器与所述第一旋转电机及所述第二旋转电机电连接，
所述控制部控制将通过所述内燃机的动力使所述第二旋转电机发出的电力向所述蓄电器输入，
所述控制部控制使所述第二旋转电机在不超过向所述蓄电器输入的电力的限制值的范围内发电。
技术方案7所述的发明以技术方案6所述的发明为基础，
所述控制部在控制将所述内燃机的转速保持为所述规定值的状态下的向所述蓄电器输入的电力超过所述限制值的情况下，在将所述转速保持为所述规定值不变的情况下降低所述内燃机的转矩。
技术方案8所述的发明以技术方案1至7中任一项所述的发明为基础，
在控制使所述内燃机的转速成为所述规定值的状态下所述混合动力车辆在坡道上行驶的情况下的所述规定值是与所述坡道的坡度相应的可变的值。
技术方案9所述的发明以技术方案8所述的发明为基础，
在所述坡道为上坡道的情况下，所述上坡道的坡度越大，则所述规定值为越高的值。
发明效果
在技术方案1的发明所涉及的混合动力车辆中，当通过第一旋转电机的动力行驶时的要求驱动力大时，将通过内燃机的动力使第二旋转电机发出的电力向第一旋转电机供给。但是，第二旋转电机的发电电力的大小取决于内燃机的转速，若内燃机的转矩恒定，则内燃机的转速越高，则上述发电电力越大。因此，在通过第一旋转电机的动力行驶时，若要求驱动力增加了时的内燃机的转速低，则第一旋转电机无法获得足够的电力。另外，混合动力车辆的行驶所需的驱动力取决于包括滚动阻力、空气阻力等在内的稳定行驶阻力、加速阻力及坡度阻力的合计阻力。尤其是稳定行驶阻力随着混合动力车辆的行驶速度的增加而增大，因此，行驶速度越高，则要求越大的驱动力。这样，若混合动力车辆的行驶速度不同，则行驶阻力等也不同，因此，即使为相同的要求驱动力，第一旋转电机的要求输出的大小也根据行驶速度而有所不同。
在技术方案1的发明中，若在混合动力车辆通过第一旋转电机的动力而行驶的期间要求驱动力为0以下，则为了随后的加速要求做准备，控制将内燃机的转速保持为规定值。而且，混合动力车辆的行驶速度越大，则上述规定值为越高的值。因此，根据技术方案1的发明，即使在通过第一旋转电机的动力使所述混合动力车辆行驶的期间要求驱动力为0以下且行驶速度高的状态下增加要求驱动力，内燃机也能够在短时间内从高转速的状态达到所期望的转速。即，能够不取决于行驶速度地缩短直至产生为了加速而增加要求驱动力时的高输出为止的响应时间。这样，在减速行驶中要求驱动力增加了时，能够实现不依赖于混合动力车辆的行驶速度的加速响应性的提高。
根据技术方案2的发明，在通过被供给如下电力的第一旋转电机的动力使混合动力车辆行驶的期间，将要求驱动力为0以下时的内燃机的转速保持为上述规定值，其中，所述电力是通过内燃机的动力使第二旋转电机发出的电力，因此，在串联行驶下的减速行驶的期间要求驱动力增加了时，能够实现不取决于混合动力车辆的行驶速度的加速响应性的提高。
在技术方案3的发明中，规定值是低于直连行驶状态下的与行驶速度相应的内燃机的转速的值，其中，所述直连行驶状态是通过使断接部接合的状态下的内燃机的动力而实现的行驶状态，因此，在直连行驶状态时加速踏板被释放而要求驱动力大致成为0时的内燃机的转速降低。因此，在直连行驶状态下的行驶期间进行了释放加速踏板的操作时产生的内燃机的转速的变化不会给混合动力车辆的驾驶员带来不协调感。
根据技术方案4的发明，规定值是高于内燃机的怠速动作时的转速的值，因此，能够提高在要求驱动力大致成为0之后要求驱动力增加了时的加速响应性。
根据技术方案5的发明，在为了提高混合动力车辆的加速响应性而控制将要求驱动力大致为0时的内燃机的转速保持为规定值时，以通过内燃机的动力使第二旋转电机发电的方式进行控制。因此，在将内燃机的转速保持为规定值的期间，能够通过发电来防止燃料消耗性能降低，且提高要求驱动力增加了时的加速响应性。
根据技术方案6的发明，在控制将内燃机的转速保持为规定值时，控制使第二旋转电机在不超过向蓄电器输入的电力的限制值的范围内发电，因此，能够保护蓄电器，并同时能够通过发电电力的蓄电来防止燃料消耗性能的降低，且能够提高要求驱动力增加了时的加速响应性。
根据技术方案7的发明，在向蓄电器输入的电力超过限制值的情况下，通过在将内燃机的转速保持为规定值不变的情况下减小内燃机的转矩，由此能够将向蓄电器的输入电力抑制在不超过限制值的范围内，因此，能够实现加速响应性的提高并且保护蓄电器。
在混合动力车辆在坡道上行驶的情况下，坡道的坡度越大，则要求越大的要求驱动力。根据技术方案8的发明，规定值是与坡道的坡度相应的可变的值，因此，即使以要求驱动力大致为0的状态在坡道上行驶的期间增加要求驱动力，也能够提高混合动力车辆的加速响应性。
根据技术方案9的发明，混合动力车辆行驶的上坡道的坡度越大，则规定值是越高的值，因此即使以要求驱动力大致为0的状态在坡度大的上坡道上行驶的期间增加要求驱动力，内燃机也能够在短时间内达到所期望的转速。因此，能够不依赖于行驶的上坡道的坡度地提高要求驱动力增加了时的加速响应性。
附图说明
图1是表示能够切换串联方式和并联方式的HEV的内部结构的框图。
图2是表示蓄电器、VCU、第一逆变器、第二逆变器、第一旋转电机及第二旋转电机的关系的电路图。
图3是表示进行适于车辆的状态的控制的ECU的内部结构的框图。
图4是表示加速踏板开度、车速及要求驱动力之间的关系的图。
图5是表示设定为各行驶模式的车辆中的动力及电力的传递的图。
图6是表示车辆以串联行驶模式行驶的期间从加速行驶转换到自然减速行驶之后，再次转换到加速行驶的情况下由ECU进行的处理的流程图。
图7是表示串联行驶模式下的加速行驶时及串联行驶模式下的自然减速行驶时的动力及电力的传递的图。
图8是表示车辆以串联行驶模式行驶的期间从加速行驶转换到自然减速行驶之后，再次转换到加速行驶时的各参数的随时间变化的一例的图。
图9是表示串联式的HEV的内部结构的框图。
图10是表示双马达型电动四驱的HEV的内部结构的框图。
图11是表示在内燃机与第二旋转电机之间设置有离合器的能够切换串联方式和并联方式的HEV的内部结构的框图。
附图标记说明：
101 车速传感器；
103 电池传感器；
105 VCU；
106 转速传感器；
107 ECU；
108 加速度传感器；
151 充放电电力计算部；
153 要求驱动力导出部；
155 控制部；
BAT 蓄电器；
CL 闭锁离合器；
ENG 内燃机；
GB 齿轮箱；
INV1 第一逆变器；
INV2 第二逆变器；
MG1 第一旋转电机；
MG2 第二旋转电机。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图来对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
HEV(Hybrid Electrical Vehicle：混合动力电动机动车)具备旋转电机及内燃机，根据车辆的行驶状态而利用旋转电机和/或内燃机的驱动力来行驶。HEV大体分为串联方式和并联方式这两种。串联方式的HEV利用旋转电机的动力来行驶。内燃机主要用于发电，由其他旋转电机利用内燃机的动力发电而发出的电力向蓄电器充入或者向旋转电机提供。另一方面，并联方式的HEV利用旋转电机及内燃机中的任一方或双方的驱动力来行驶。另外，还已知有能够切换这两种方式的HEV。在这种HEV中，根据行驶状态来使离合器断开或接合(断接)，由此将驱动力的传递***切换成串联方式及并联方式中的任一结构。
图1是表示能够切换串联方式和并联方式的HEV的内部结构的框图。图1所示的HEV(以下，简称为“车辆”)具备输出旋转的动力的内燃机ENG、第一旋转电机MG1、第二旋转电机MG2、闭锁离合器(以下，简称为“离合器”)CL、齿轮箱(以下，简称为“齿轮”)GB、车速传感器101、电池传感器103、蓄电器BAT、VCU(Voltage Control Unit：电压控制单元)105、第一逆变器INV1、第二逆变器INV2、转速传感器106、加速度传感器108、以及ECU(ElectronicControl Unit：电子控制单元)107。需要说明的是，图1中的粗实线表示机械连接，双虚线表示电力配线，细实线的箭头表示控制信号或检测信号。
内燃机ENG在离合器CL被断开了的状态下将第二旋转电机MG2作为发电机而驱动。但是，当离合器CL接合时，内燃机ENG所输出的动力作为用于使车辆行驶的机械能量经由第二旋转电机MG2、离合器CL、齿轮GB、第一旋转电机MG1、差速齿轮8及驱动轴9向驱动轮DW、DW传递。
第二旋转电机MG2利用内燃机ENG的动力来驱动并产生电力。
第一旋转电机MG1中，转子通过来自蓄电器BAT及第二旋转电机MG2中的至少一方的电力供给而作为电动机进行动作，并产生用于使车辆行驶的动力。由第一旋转电机MG1产生的转矩经由差速齿轮8及驱动轴9向驱动轮DW、DW传递。另外，第一旋转电机MG1在制动车辆时能够作为发电机而动作。
离合器CL根据来自ECU107的指示，来使从内燃机ENG至驱动轮DW、DW的动力的传递路径断开或连接(断接)。若离合器CL处于断开状态，则内燃机ENG所输出的动力不向驱动轮DW、DW传递，若离合器CL处于连接状态，则内燃机ENG所输出的动力向驱动轮DW、DW传递。齿轮GB包括变速档或固定档，以规定的变速比使来自内燃机ENG的动力变速并向驱动轮DW传递。齿轮GB中的变速比根据来自ECU107的指示而变更。
蓄电器BAT具有串联连接的多个蓄电单体，并供给例如100～200V的高电压。蓄电单体例如是锂离子电池或镍氢电池。
车速传感器101检测车辆的行驶速度(车速VP)。表示车速传感器101所检测出的车速VP的信号向ECU107发送。
电池传感器103检测蓄电器BAT的输出(端子电压、充放电电流)。表示电池传感器103检测出的端子电压、充放电电流等的信号作为电池信息向ECU107发送。
VCUl05对第一旋转电机MG1作为电动机而动作时的蓄电器BAT的输出电压进行升压。另外，在将在制动车辆时由第一旋转电机MG1发电并转换成直流的再生电力向蓄电器BAT充入的情况下，VCU105对第一旋转电机MG1的输出电压进行降压。而且，VCU105对通过内燃机ENG的驱动而对由第二旋转电机MG2发电并转换成直流的电力进行降压。通过VCU105降压的电力向蓄电器BAT充入。
图2是表示蓄电器BAT、VCU105、第一逆变器INV1、第二逆变器INV2、第二旋转电机MG2及第一旋转电机MG1的关系的电路图。如图2所示，VCU105将由蓄电器BAT输出的V1电压作为输入电压并对两个开关元件进行接通/断开切换动作，由此将输出侧的V2电压升压到高于V1电压的电压。需要说明的是，VCU105的两个开关元件不进行接通/断开切换动作时的V2电压与V1电压相等。
第一逆变器INV1将直流电压转换为交流电压并向第一旋转电机MG1供给三相电流。另外，第一逆变器INV1在车辆的制动时将由第一旋转电机MG1发出的交流电压转换为直流电压。第二逆变器INV2将通过内燃机ENG的驱动而由第二旋转电机MG2发出的交流电压转换为直流电压。
转速传感器106检测内燃机ENG的转速Ne。表示由转速传感器106检测出的转速Ne的信号向ECU107发送。
加速度传感器108检测沿着车辆的前后方向作用的加速度(以下称为“前后加速度”)。表示通过加速度传感器108检测出的前后加速度的信号向ECU107发送。需要说明的是，在向车辆的前方向施加了加速度的情况下，前后加速度的值显示正值，在向车辆的后方向施加了加速度的情况下，前后加速度的值显示负值。因此，上坡道的坡度越大，则在该上坡道上检测出的前后加速度的值在正值侧越大。
ECU107通过根据车辆的状态进行第一逆变器INV1、第二逆变器INV2及VCU105的控制、以及离合器CL的断接及内燃机ENG的运转的控制，由此进行适于车辆的状态的控制。向ECU107输入表示由车辆的驾驶员操作的加速踏板的开度(AP开度)的信号、表示与由驾驶员进行的制动踏板的操作相应的制动踏板踩踏力(BRK踩踏力)的信号、表示从车速传感器101获得的车速VP的信号、表示从电池传感器103获得的电池信息的信号、表示由转速传感器106检测出的内燃机ENG的转速Ne的信号、以及表示由加速度传感器108检测出的前后加速度的信号。
图3是表示进行适于车辆的状态的控制的ECU107的内部结构的框图。如图3所示，ECU107具有充放电电力计算部151、要求驱动力导出部153及控制部155。以下，对ECU107所具有的各构成要素进行说明。
充放电电力计算部151基于从电池传感器103获得的电池信息，来计算输入到蓄电器BAT中的充电电力或由蓄电器BAT输出的放电电力。
要求驱动力导出部153基于AP开度及从车速传感器101获得的车速VP，来导出向车辆的要求驱动力。图4是表示AP开度、车速VP及要求驱动力之间的关系的图。要求驱动力导出部153基于AP开度及车速VP从图3所示的关系的计算式或映射导出要求驱动力。需要说明的是，对于由要求驱动力导出部153导出的要求驱动力，在中车速及高车速区域中，AP开度越接近0，则要求驱动力越成为0以下。
控制部155基于由要求驱动力导出部153导出的要求驱动力等，选择车辆以下面说明的哪一行驶模式行驶，并根据所选择的行驶模式及要求驱动力等来进行第一逆变器INV1、第二逆变器INV2、VCU105、内燃机ENG及离合器CL的控制。
(车辆的行驶模式)
如图5所示，图1所示的车辆典型地具有以下行驶模式。
[EV行驶模式]
在设定为EV行驶模式的车辆中，离合器CL分离，内燃机ENG停止。车辆利用第一旋转电机MG1的动力来行驶，所述第一旋转电机MG1利用来自蓄电器BAT的电力供给来驱动。
[串联行驶模式]
在设定为串联行驶模式的车辆中，离合器CL分离，内燃机ENG运转。车辆通过第一旋转电机MG1的动力来行驶，所述第一旋转电机MG1被供给来自蓄电器BAT的电力，并且被供给通过内燃机ENG的运转而由第二旋转电机MG2发电的电力。
[发动机行驶模式]
在设定为发动机行驶模式的车辆中，离合器CL接合，内燃机ENG运转。车辆通过由内燃机ENG输出的动力来行驶。需要说明的是，在发动机行驶模式下行驶时，第一旋转电机MG1及第二旋转电机MG2的各转子被内燃机ENG的驱动带动而旋转。但是，ECU107进行零转矩控制，以使第一旋转电机MG1及第二旋转电机MG2分别成为无负荷状态。
以下，参照图6及图7详细说明在车辆以串联行驶模式加速行驶的期间要求驱动力成为0以下并转换到自然减速行驶时由ECU107进行的处理。图6是表示车辆以串联行驶模式行驶的期间从加速行驶转换到自然减速行驶之后，再次转换到加速行驶时由ECU107进行的处理的流程图。图7是表示串联行驶模式下的加速行驶时及串联行驶模式下的自然减速行驶时的动力及电力的传递的图。需要说明的是，所谓“加速行驶”是指，在通过由驾驶员踩踏加速踏板而要求驱动力大于0的状态下车辆行驶的状态。需要说明的是，在加速行驶时，无需增加车速VP。另外，所谓“自然减速行驶”是指如下状态：驾驶员因释放所踩踏的加速踏板而要求驱动力成为0以下，并且也未进行踩踏制动踏板的操作，从而车辆因行驶阻力等而减速。需要说明的是，在自然减速行驶时，也可以进行第一旋转电机MG1的再生动作。
如图6所示，ECU107的控制部155根据由要求驱动力导出部153导出的要求驱动力来判断车辆是否处于以串联行驶模式加速行驶的期间(步骤S101)，若处于以串联行驶模式加速行驶的期间，则进入步骤S103。需要说明的是，在处于以串联行驶模式加速行驶的期间的车辆中，如图7(A)所示，根据要求驱动力而运转的内燃机ENG将第二旋转电机MG2作为发电机来驱动，并通过被供给由第二旋转电机MG2发出的电力的第一旋转电机MG1的动力来行驶。
在步骤S103中，控制部155在要求驱动力从正值成为0以下，并且BRK踩踏力保持为0，则判断为转换到自然减速行驶，并进入步骤S105。在处于以串联行驶模式进行自然减速行驶的期间的车辆中，由于要求驱动力为0以下，因此也可以停止内燃机ENG的运转，但在本实施方式中，为之后的加速要求做准备，控制部155进行控制，以使内燃机ENG的转速Ne保持为根据车速VP而可变的规定值NR(步骤S105)。因此，在处于以串联行驶模式进行自然减速的期间的车辆中，如图7(B)所示，使转速Ne保持为规定值NR地维持内燃机ENG的运转。
在步骤S105中保持的作为内燃机ENG的转速Ne的上述规定值NR为根据自然减速行驶期间的车速VP而可变的值，且车速VP越大，则设定为越高的值。另外，上述规定值NR是高于内燃机ENG的怠速动作时的转速(怠速转速)的值。而且，上述规定值NR是低于车辆以发动机行驶模式行驶的情况下的与车速VP相应的内燃机ENG的转速Ne的值。
另外，上述规定值NR设定为当车辆以串联行驶模式在上坡道上保持要求驱动力为0以下的状态进行自然减速行驶时，根据该上坡道的坡度而变更，并且坡度越大则越高的值。即，控制部155基于从加速度传感器108获得的前后加速度及车速来计算上坡道的坡度，根据计算出的坡度来修正根据车速而可变的上述规定值NR。
在步骤S105的处理中，控制部155进行控制，以便通过使转速Ne保持为规定值NR地运转的内燃机ENG的输出来使第二旋转电机MG2发电。此时的第二旋转电机MG2的发电电力向蓄电器BAT输入，并对蓄电器BAT进行充电。但是，对于向蓄电器BAT输入的充电电力，设定有以抑制蓄电器BAT的劣化、防止故障等为目的的最大限制值。因此，控制部155控制内燃机ENG的运转点，以使第二旋转电机MG2在通过ECU107的充放电电力计算部151计算出的充电电力不超过上述最大限制值的范围内发电。例如，在上述充电电力超过最大限制值的情况下，控制部155进行控制，以便在将内燃机ENG的转速Ne保持为上述规定值NR不变的情况下降低内燃机ENG的转矩。
在进行上述的步骤S105的处理的串联行驶模式下的自然减速期间，若要求驱动力变得大于0，且BRK踩踏力保持为0的状态(在步骤S107中为是)，则控制部155判定为转换到加速行驶，并进入步骤S109。此时，控制部155进行控制，以将保持为规定值NR的内燃机ENG的转速Ne提升至由第二旋转电机MG2发出根据要求驱动力向第一旋转电机MG1供给的电力的转速(步骤S109)。
图8是表示车辆以串联行驶模式行驶的期间从加速行驶转换到自然减速行驶之后，再次转换到加速行驶时的各参数的随时间变化的一例的图。在图8中，用实线表示当在串联行驶模式下从加速行驶转换到自然减速行驶时使内燃机ENG的转速Ne保持为上述规定值NR的本实施方式的情况的变化，用虚线表示将内燃机ENG的转速Ne降低到怠速转速的情况的变化。
在图8所示的例子中，在串联行驶模式下的加速行驶的期间，由于驾驶员释放所踩踏的加速踏板而AP开度成为0，要求驱动力成为0以下，从而在保持为串联行驶模式的状态下转移到自然减速行驶，此时，控制内燃机ENG使转速Ne不降低至怠速转速而保持为上述规定值NR。但是，该规定值NR能够根据车速VP而变化，车速VP越高，则该规定值NR设定为越高的值，因此如图8所示的例子那样，内燃机ENG的转速Ne随着车速VP的降低而降低，但保持为高于怠速转速的值。然后，当驾驶员踩踏加速踏板时，为了由第二旋转电机MG2发出根据要求驱动力向第一旋转电机MG1供给的电力，内燃机ENG的转速Ne从规定值NR增加至所期望的转速。此时，内燃机ENG的转速Ne并不是从怠速转速开始增加，因此快速达到所期望的转速，车速VP快速上升。
如以上所说明那样，在本实施方式中，车辆在串联行驶模式下的加速行驶的期间加速踏板被释放并转换到自然减速行驶时，为随后的加速要求做准备，以使内燃机ENG的转速Ne保持为规定值NR的方式进行控制。该规定值NR是与车速VP相应的可变值，因此加速踏板再次被踩踏时的内燃机ENG的转速Ne能够不依赖于此时的车速VP地在短时间内达到所期望的转速。尤其是，自然减速行驶时的车速VP越高，则规定值NR是越高的值，因此即使在车速VP高时加速踏板再次被踩踏，内燃机ENG也能够在短时间内从高的转速的规定值NR达到所期望的转速。这样，能够不依赖于车速VP地缩短直到产生在自然减速行驶期间为了加速而增加要求驱动力时的高输出为止的响应时间，因此能够不依赖于车速VP地提高加速响应性。
另外，上述规定值NR是低于发动机行驶模式下的与车速VP相应的内燃机ENG的转速Ne的值，因此，在发动机行驶模式下的加速行驶期间加速踏板被释放而转换到自然减速行驶时的内燃机ENG的转速Ne降低。因此，在发动机行驶模式下的加速行驶期间进行释放加速踏板的操作时产生的内燃机ENG的转速Ne的变化不会给车辆的驾驶员带来不协调感。
另外，规定值NR是高于内燃机ENG的怠速转速的值，因此能够提高在进行释放加速踏板的操作之后再次踩踏加速踏板时的加速响应性。
另外，在控制使串联行驶模式下的自然减速行驶期间的内燃机ENG的转速Ne保持为规定值Nr时，以通过内燃机ENG的动力使第二旋转电机MG2发电的方式进行控制。此时，控制使第二旋转电机在不超过向蓄电器BAT输入的电力的最大限制值的范围内发电，当向蓄电器BAT输入的电力超过最大限制值时，在将内燃机ENG的转速Ne保持为规定值NR不变的情况下减小内燃机ENG的转矩。因此，能够保护蓄电器BAT，并同时利用发电电力的蓄电来防止燃料消耗性能的降低，且能够提高再次踩踏加速踏板时的加速响应性。
另外，车辆在坡道上行驶的情况下，坡道的坡度越大则要求越多的要求驱动力，但在本实施方式中，车辆行驶的上坡道的坡度越大，则规定值NRI是越高的值，因此即使在串联行驶模式下的自然减速行驶期间再次踩踏加速踏板，也能够不依赖于行驶的上坡道的坡度地提高加速响应性。
需要说明的是，本发明并不限定于前述的实施方式，能够适当地进行变形、改良等。例如，上述说明的车辆是能够切换串联方式和并联方式的HEV，但可以是图9所示的串联式的HEV，也可以是图10所示的双马达型电动四驱的HEV，还可以是在内燃机ENG与第二旋转电机MG2之间设置有离合器的能够切换图11所示的串联方式和并联方式的HEV。

Claims (9)

1.一种混合动力车辆，其具备：
第一旋转电机，其与输出轴连接；
内燃机；以及
第二旋转电机，其与所述内燃机连接，其中，
所述混合动力车辆还具备：
导出部，其导出要求驱动力，该要求驱动力基于供所述混合动力车辆的驾驶员操作的加速踏板的开度而产生；以及
控制部，其根据所述要求驱动力来控制所述内燃机、所述第一旋转电机及所述第二旋转电机，
所述控制部在通过所述第一旋转电机的动力使所述混合动力车辆行驶的期间，将所述要求驱动力为0以下时的所述内燃机的转速保持为规定值，该规定值基于所述混合动力车辆的行驶速度得到，是所述行驶速度越大则越高的可变的规定值，在所述要求驱动力变得大于0的情况下，所述规定值低于与所述要求驱动力相应的转速时，所述控制部进行控制，以将所述内燃机的转速从保持为所述规定值的转速提升至与所述要求驱动力相应的转速。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆，其中，
所述控制部在通过被供给如下电力的所述第一旋转电机的动力使所述混合动力车辆行驶的期间，将所述要求驱动力为0以下时的所述内燃机的转速保持为所述规定值，所述电力是通过所述内燃机的动力使所述第二旋转电机发出的电力。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆，其中，
所述混合动力车辆还具备断接部，该断接部使所述内燃机与所述输出轴之间的动力的传递路径断开或连接，
所述规定值是在使所述断接部接合的状态下所述混合动力车辆行驶的情况下的所述内燃机的转速以下的值。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆，其中，
所述规定值是高于所述内燃机的怠速动作时的转速的值。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆，其中，
所述控制部在控制将所述内燃机的转速保持为所述规定值时，以通过所述内燃机的动力使所述第二旋转电机发电的方式进行控制。
6.根据权利要求5所述的混合动力车辆，其中，
所述混合动力车辆还具备蓄电器，该蓄电器与所述第一旋转电机及所述第二旋转电机电连接，
所述控制部控制将通过所述内燃机的动力使所述第二旋转电机发出的电力向所述蓄电器输入，
所述控制部控制使所述第二旋转电机在不超过向所述蓄电器输入的电力的限制值的范围内发电。
7.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力车辆，其中，
所述控制部在控制将所述内燃机的转速保持为所述规定值的状态下的向所述蓄电器输入的电力超过所述限制值的情况下，在将所述转速保持为所述规定值不变的情况下降低所述内燃机的转矩。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车辆，其中，
在控制使所述内燃机的转速成为所述规定值的状态下所述混合动力车辆在坡道上行驶的情况下的所述规定值是与所述坡道的坡度相应的可变的值。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合动力车辆，其中，
在所述坡道为上坡道的情况下，所述上坡道的坡度越大，则所述规定值为越高的值。
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