CN109624449B - 一种抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构 - Google Patents

一种抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构 Download PDF

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CN109624449B
CN109624449B CN201910022162.8A CN201910022162A CN109624449B CN 109624449 B CN109624449 B CN 109624449B CN 201910022162 A CN201910022162 A CN 201910022162A CN 109624449 B CN109624449 B CN 109624449B
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万水
苏强
年玉泽
李夏元
周鹏
王潇
郑涛
徐杰
杨湛
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Southeast University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构，将曲杆点阵结构与夹层板结构结合，获得轻质高强、抗冲击能力强的夹层板结构。所述结构由上表板、下表板、曲杆点阵结构芯层组成，所述曲杆点阵结构芯层由单个曲杆子结构在空间延拓而成，单个曲杆子结构由若干个形状相同的曲杆等角度交叉而成，该曲杆点阵结构轻质高强，在冲击荷载作用下具有良好的变形能力和吸能效率，与夹层板结构结合具有较良好的抗弯刚度和抗冲击能力，在航空航天、土木工程、机械制造等领域有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种夹层板结构，特别涉及一种抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构。
背景技术
夹层板结构是一种复合构造的板、壳结构，它的两个表面由很薄的板材做成，中间夹以较轻的夹芯层。前者称为表板,要求强度高；后者称为夹层，要求重量轻。通常夹层结构材料的强度要高于单独的面板材料或芯材刚度、强度，且重量、成本等均低于单一材料，具有优良的比刚度、比强度，因此被广泛应用于建筑、公路运输、轨道交通、航空、传播、风电等领域。
芯层的主要作用是维持上下表板的间距，增大上下表板的惯性矩和抗弯刚度，传统的夹层结构材料芯层主要有硬质泡沫、蜂窝和轻木三种类型，它们的空隙率很小，导致芯层的质量较大，并且在局部冲击荷载作用下，变形能力较差，吸能效率低。为解决上述问题，发明一种空隙率高、变形能力和吸能效率大、轻质高强的夹层结构十分必要。
空间点阵结构材料是一种新型的轻质高强材料，具有较大的空隙率，其比刚度和比强度都大于传统的泡沫材料和蜂窝材料，具有优良的抗变形能力和吸能效率，可以大幅度地减轻芯层的重量，因此可以使用空间点阵结构作为芯层结构，开发一种轻质高强的抗冲击夹层板结构。
传统的直杆空间点阵结构在收到冲击时，由于直杆在弯曲过程中会产生较大的冲击应力，而直杆在变形过程中会产生欧拉屈曲，将会会大幅减弱结构的受力性能。与直杆空间点阵结构相比，曲杆点阵结构在受力过程中会产生相对较小的冲击力峰值，能够对保护对象起到良好的保护作用。
发明内容
技术问题：为解决上述问题，本发明公开了一种将曲杆点阵结构作为芯层的夹层板结构，能够有效降低冲击过程中产生的应力峰值，并且能够有效降低夹层板结构的重量，提高夹层板结构的变形能力和吸能效率，从而获得一种抗冲击性能良好的夹层板结构。
技术方案：为了达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构，其特征在于：它包括上表板、下表板及曲杆点阵结构芯层，所述曲杆点阵结构芯层由单个曲杆子结构在空间中延拓而成，所述单个曲杆子结构由若干个形状相同的曲杆等角度交叉而成，从而实现曲杆点阵结构作为结构层支撑上下表板，保证了夹层板结构的刚度和强度，并且在冲击荷载作用下，曲杆点阵结构芯层承担主要的剪切应力，通过自身良好的变形能力和吸能效率耗散掉冲击能量，达到抗冲击的目的。
可选的，表板材料可以为金属、非金属或复合材料，如玻璃钢、塑料板、胶合板。
可选的，曲杆点阵结构芯层由单层或多层曲杆点阵结构层构成。
可选的，曲杆点阵结构芯层平面投影可以为网格型、蜂窝型、三角型。
可选的，单个曲杆子结构平面投影可以为正四边形、正六边形、正三角形。
可选的，单个曲杆子结构中曲杆单元线形可为圆弧线、抛物线、悬链线。
可选的，单个曲杆子结构中曲杆单元材料为金属、非金属或复合材料。
可选的，可在芯层的空隙部分填充泡沫金属、泡沫混凝土或泡沫塑料。
有益效果：本发明和其它现有技术相比具有如下优点：
（1）本发明综合夹层板结构良好的抗弯能力和曲杆点阵结构良好的变形能力和吸能效率，在上下层表板受到冲击荷载作用发生弯曲变形时，曲杆点阵结构承担主要的剪力，并通过自身沿曲率方向的弯曲变形耗散掉冲击能量，能够有效降低冲击过程中产生的应力峰值，达到减震和抗冲击的目的。并且相较于传统的泡沫、蜂窝等夹层板芯层，曲杆点阵结构芯层孔隙率大幅提高，从而大大降低了芯层的重量，获得一种轻质高强、抗冲击能力更加优异的夹层板结构。
（2）本发明的夹层板表板可以使用复合板材，曲杆点阵结构芯层的空隙中也可以填充泡沫金属、泡沫混凝土、泡沫塑料等泡沫材料，从而实现削弱噪音与震动、隔热、阻燃等附加功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的四层网格型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构整体示意图；
图2为本发明的四层网格型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构子结构在Z方向延拓示意图；
图3为本发明的四层网格型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构芯层在XY平面内投影示意图；
图4为本发明的单层蜂窝型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构整体示意图；
图5为本发明的单层蜂窝型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构子结构示意图；
图6为本发明的单层蜂窝型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构芯层在XY平面内投影示意图；
图7为本发明的双层三角型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构整体示意；
图8为本发明的双层三角型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构子结构在Z方向延拓示意图；
图9为本发明的双层三角型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构芯层在XY平面内投影示意图。
图10为本发明的泡沫铝填充双层三角型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构整体示意图。
其中有：上表板1，下表板2，曲杆点阵结构芯层3，曲杆点阵结构子结构4，泡沫铝填充料5。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施方式进一步阐述本发明。
如图1所示，一种抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构，由上表板1、下表板2、曲杆点阵结构芯层3组成，其中夹层板结构上表板1与下表板2可以由金属、非金属或复合材料制成，曲杆点阵结构芯层3作为骨架支撑上下表板，由单个曲杆子结构4在空间延拓形成。如图2所示为单个曲杆子结构4，由若干个形状相同的曲杆等角度交叉形成，如图3所示为芯层结构在表板上的投影示意图。受到冲击荷载作用时，曲杆点阵结构芯层承担主要的剪切应力，通过自身良好的变形能力和吸能效率耗散掉冲击能量，并且产生较小的冲击力峰值，达到抗冲击的目的。
实施例1：如图1~3所示为四层网格型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构，上表板1与下表板2为玻璃钢制成的板材，单个曲杆子结构4采用正四边形构型，材料采用玻璃钢，将正四边形单个曲杆子结构4先如图2所示沿Z方向延拓，再将其沿XY平面延拓，最终形成四层网格型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构芯层3，最终将形成的四层网格型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构芯层3与玻璃钢上表板1、下表板2相结合，形成四层网格型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构。四层网格型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构芯层作为骨架支撑上下层表板，使上下表板具有一定的抗弯刚度，承受冲击荷载作用时，网格型曲杆点阵结构芯层承担主要的剪切应力，通过自身良好的变形能力和吸能效率耗散掉冲击能量，并且产生较小的冲击力峰值，达到抗冲击的目的。
实施例2：如图4~6 所示为单层蜂窝型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构，上表板1与下表板2为钢筋混凝土制成的板材，单个曲杆子结构4采用正六边形构型，材料采用钢材，将正六边形单个曲杆子结构4沿XY平面延拓形成单层蜂窝型曲杆点阵结构芯层3，再将形成的单层蜂窝型曲杆点阵结构芯层3与钢筋混凝土上表板1与下表板2相结合，形成单层蜂窝型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构。单层蜂窝型曲杆点阵结构芯层作为骨架支撑上下层表板，使上下表板具有一定的抗弯刚度，承受冲击荷载作用时，蜂窝型曲杆点阵结构芯层承担主要的剪切应力，通过自身良好的变形能力和吸能效率耗散掉冲击能量，并且产生较小的冲击力峰值，达到抗冲击的目的。
实施例3：如图7~9所示为双层三角型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构，上表板（1）与下表板（2）为硬质塑料制成的板材，单个曲杆子结构4采用正三角形构型，材料采用硬质塑料，将正三角形单个曲杆子结构4先如图8所示沿Z方向延拓，再将其沿XY平面延拓，最终形成双层三角型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构芯层3，再将形成的双层三角型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构芯层3与硬质塑料上表板1与下表板2相结合，形成双层三角型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构。双层三角型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构芯层作为骨架支撑上下层表板，使上下表板具有一定的抗弯刚度，承受冲击荷载作用时，蜂窝型曲杆点阵结构芯层承担主要的剪切应力，通过自身良好的变形能力和吸能效率耗散掉冲击能量，并且产生较小的冲击力峰值，达到抗冲击的目的。
实施例4：如图10所示为填充泡沫铝的双层网格型抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构，上表板1与下表板2为铝合金制成的板材，曲杆子结构4采用正四边形构型，材料采用铝合金，在空间中延拓为双层网格型的曲杆点阵结构芯层3，从而获得轻质高强的抗冲击夹层板结构。再在曲杆点阵结构芯层的空隙中填充泡沫铝填料，从而使夹层板结构获得削弱噪音与震动、隔热、阻燃等附加功能。

Claims (3)

1.一种抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构，其特征在于：它包括上表板（1）、下表板（2）及位于上表板（1）、下表板（2）之间的曲杆点阵结构芯层（3），所述上表板（1）与下表板（2）承担整个结构的弯曲荷载，所述曲杆点阵结构芯层（3）由单个曲杆子结构（4）在空间中延拓而成，所述单个曲杆子结构（4）由若干个形状相同的曲杆等角度交叉而成，曲杆点阵结构芯层（3）作为结构层连接和支撑上表板（1）和下表板（2），承担主要的剪切应力；在冲击荷载作用下，曲杆点阵结构通过自身良好的弯曲变形能力和吸能效率耗散掉冲击能量，并且产生较小的冲击力峰值，达到抗冲击的目的；
所述曲杆点阵结构芯层（3）由单层或多层曲杆点阵结构层构成；
所述曲杆点阵结构芯层（3），在其空隙部分填充泡沫金属、泡沫混凝土或泡沫塑料（5）；
所述曲杆点阵结构芯层（3）平面投影为网格型、蜂窝型或三角型；
所述单个曲杆子结构（4）平面投影为正四边形、正六边形、正三角形；
所述单个曲杆子结构（4）中，曲杆单元线形为圆弧线、抛物线或悬链线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构，其特征在于：所述上表板（1）与下表板（2）材料为金属、非金属或复合材料制作而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗冲击曲杆点阵夹层板结构，其特征在于：所述单个曲杆子结构（4）中，曲杆单元材料为金属、非金属或复合材料。
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