CN109616702B - Alternating pulse formation charging process - Google Patents
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- CN109616702B CN109616702B CN201810778478.5A CN201810778478A CN109616702B CN 109616702 B CN109616702 B CN 109616702B CN 201810778478 A CN201810778478 A CN 201810778478A CN 109616702 B CN109616702 B CN 109616702B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
An alternate pulse formation charging process comprises primary acid addition, battery connection, power supply and charging formation, wherein in the charging formation process, according to certain chemical and physical characteristics of a lead-acid storage battery, the storage battery formation charging process is divided into multiple modes of trickle pretreatment, constant-current charging, standing, positive and negative pulse charging, intermittent pulse charging and the like, and multi-stage alternate charging is realized; meanwhile, the conversion efficiency of the polar plate is improved, and the initial capacity of the battery is improved; the method reduces the generation of acid mist in the middle and later stages of the formation, eliminates the electrochemical polarization in the middle and later stages of the formation, reduces the hydrolysis reaction, reduces the bath temperature and voltage, reduces the gassing, and is beneficial to environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an alternating pulse formation charging process for a lead-acid storage battery.
Background
Since the invention of lead-acid storage battery, it has become the storage battery with the largest output and the most extensive use in the world due to its features of low price, easily available raw material, reliable performance, easy recovery and suitable for large current discharge.
With the increasing national requirements on energy conservation and environmental protection of various industries, a series of policies are successively introduced to promote economic transformation, eliminate industries with backward productivity, high pollution and high consumption, improve the energy utilization rate and realize the transformation of economic development modes. Energy conservation and environmental protection are bound to become development directions of various industries and also comprise the traditional lead-acid storage battery industry.
The formation of the battery is one of the important production processes of the lead-acid storage battery and is also an important part of the energy consumption in the whole battery production process. The method shortens the formation period, reduces the formation electric quantity and reduces the formation acid mist through process research and development, and has important significance in the aspects of improving the production efficiency, saving energy, reducing consumption, protecting environment and the like.
The conventional formation charging process of the lead-acid storage battery mainly comprises constant-current charging, intermittent discharging and the like. The charging process has the advantages of low charging efficiency, long time, large energy consumption and large environmental pollution caused by acid mist generated by gas evolution.
Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop an advanced formation charging process to replace the conventional constant current charging process, so as to improve the charging efficiency, shorten the formation time, reduce the charging electric quantity, reduce the formation generation of acid mist, save energy, protect environment, and respond to the national policy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low formation charging efficiency, high energy consumption, long period, large pollution and the like in the prior art, and provides an alternating pulse formation charging process to improve the charging efficiency, save energy and protect environment; eliminating electrochemical polarization, maximizing charging efficiency, shortening formation period, reducing formation power consumption and reducing acid mist generation.
The technical conception of the invention is as follows: the acceptance rate of charging in the early stage of battery formation is higher, but along with the progress of charging, the attenuation in the middle and later stages is faster, the main reason of analysis is that the polarization phenomenon in the middle and later stages of charging is aggravated, so that the voltage of the battery terminal rises faster, most of current is used for electrolyzing water, the charging efficiency is reduced, the charging electric quantity is increased, and a large amount of acid mist is generated.
During the charging process of the lead-acid storage battery, active substances on the polar plates and electrolyte undergo chemical reaction, the positive plates emit electrons, the negative plates receive the electrons, and new substances (lead dioxide and spongy lead) are generated. However, the electrochemical reaction to form new material is much slower than the electron exchange rate, which results in charge accumulation on the positive and negative plates, so that the negative plate becomes more negative and the positive plate becomes more positive, the positive and negative potentials increase in both directions, so that the battery terminal voltage is pushed up, and the raised potential is the electrochemical polarization voltage. In the middle and later stages of charging, the electrochemical polarization voltage rises quickly, increases along with the increase of the charging current and is continuously accumulated along with the continuation of the charging process, and the charging efficiency is influenced.
The technical scheme provided by the invention comprises the steps of primary acid adding, battery connection, power supply and charging formation, and the working procedures are as follows:
a. primary acid addition of the battery: the acid density is 1.100-1.200 g/ml (25 ℃);
b. battery connection: the positive and negative terminals of the batteries are connected into a loop by adopting lead connecting strips, and the batteries are connected with each other
The distance needs to be kept at 50 +/-5 mm, so that the heat dissipation of the battery is facilitated;
c. power supply: after the battery is connected, circulating water is injected into the formation tank for cooling, and one-time addition is needed
The power supply is completed within a half hour after the acid is added, so that a compact lead sulfate glass layer is prevented from being formed on the surface of the polar plate due to long-time chemical reaction after the acid is added, and the early formation charging efficiency of the battery is influenced;
d. the charging formation steps are as follows:
trickle charge pretreatment for eliminating a lead sulfate layer on the surface of a polar plate comprises the following steps:
(1) adopts 2 to 3I20Charging for 0.5-1.0 h at constant current;
the method for carrying out large-current constant-current charging at the highest conversion efficiency stage comprises the following steps:
(2) adopts 4 to 5I20Charging for 0.5-1.0 h at constant current;
(3) adopts 6 to 7I20Charging for 3.0-5.0 h at constant current;
standing in the middle stage of formation to eliminate electrochemical polarization, comprising the following steps:
(4) standing for 0.5-1.0 h;
the positive and negative pulse charging process is adopted in the middle and later stages of formation, so that the charging efficiency is improved, and the method comprises the following steps:
(5) adopts 6 to 7I20Charging positive and negative pulses for 2.0-4.0 h, wherein the positive pulse time is 1200ms, the negative pulse time is 100ms, the positive pulse interval is 100ms, the rising time is 100ms, and the falling time is 100 ms;
(6) standing for 0.5-1.0 h;
the formation later stage adopts intermittent pulse charging technology, further eliminates polarization, improves charge efficiency, reduces hydrolysis:
(7) adopts 3 to 5I20Intermittent pulse charging is carried out for 2.0-3.0 h, the positive pulse time is 1400ms, the negative pulse time is 100ms, the rising time is 100ms, and the falling time is 100 ms;
(8) standing for 0.5-1.0 h;
and a small-current positive and negative pulse charging process is adopted in the final stage of formation to finish the complementary charging in the final stage, and the method comprises the following steps:
(9) 2.5 to 4.5I is adopted20The charging time of the positive pulse and the negative pulse is 3.0-5.0 h, the positive pulse time is 1000ms, the negative pulse time is 200ms, the positive pulse interval is 100ms, the rising time is 100ms, and the falling time is 100 ms.
In the step (1) of the step d, the pretreatment stage preferably adopts 2.5-3I20And (5) charging for 0.6-0.8 h with a small current to eliminate the lead sulfate layer on the surface of the polar plate.
In the step (2) of the step d, the charging current is preferably 4.5-5I in the pre-charging stage20Charging for 0.6-0.8 h, improving the early conversion efficiency, simultaneously controlling the formation temperature, and eliminating the influence of internal temperature rise caused by early chemical reaction.
In the step (3) of the step d, a charging current of 6.5-7I is preferably selected20Constant current charging is carried out for 3.5-4.5 h, the side reaction is minimum in the middle stage of formation, the conversion efficiency is high, and the charging efficiency is improved by large current constant current charging.
In the step (4), the step (6) and the step (8) of the working procedure d, a standing stage is added, preferably, the standing time is 0.6-0.8 h, and the polarization phenomenon in the later stage of formation is eliminated.
Preferably, the density of the primary acid addition for formation is preferably 1.150-1.190 g/ml;
preferably, the connection and the power supply of the battery are completed within half an hour after acid is added once, so that an excessively thick sulfate passivation layer is prevented from being formed on the surface of the polar plate;
preferably, in the charging formation process, circulating cooling water is adopted to control the formation temperature of the battery, so that the temperature of the electrolyte in the formation process is ensured to be 35-65 ℃.
The steps (5), (7) and (9) of the invention adopt an alternate pulse charging process, and through alternate charging of positive and negative pulses and intermittent pulses, the temperature and the voltage of the tank are reduced, gassing is reduced, the charging conversion efficiency is improved, and the problems of oscillation phenomenon and overcharge caused in the later charging period are eliminated.
The process of the invention divides the formation charging process of the lead-acid storage battery into trickle pretreatment, constant current charging, standing, positive and negative pulse charging, intermittent pulse charging and other multi-mode multi-stage alternate charging according to certain chemical and physical characteristics of the lead-acid storage battery, and the formation charging process reduces the polarization reaction and the electrolyte temperature in the middle and later formation stages of the traditional constant current charging mode, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the process of the invention greatly improves the charging efficiency, shortens the formation period and reduces the formation energy consumption. The formation charging amount is reduced by 20%, the formation period is shortened by 30%, energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized, and the production efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the conversion efficiency of the polar plate is improved, and the initial capacity of the battery is improved.
2. By adopting the process, the electrochemical polarization in the middle and later stages of the formation is eliminated, the hydrolysis reaction is reduced, the temperature and voltage of the tank are reduced, the gassing is reduced, the generation of acid mist is reduced, and the process is beneficial to environmental protection.
The present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the invention has the following procedures:
a, adding acid to the battery for the first time: the acid addition density was 1.190g/ml (25 ℃ C.);
b, battery connection: the positive and negative terminals of the batteries are connected into a loop by adopting lead connecting strips, and the batteries are connected with each other
The distance needs to be kept at 50 +/-5 mm, so that the heat dissipation of the battery is facilitated;
c, power supply: after the battery is connected, circulating water is injected into the formation tank for cooling, and one-time addition is needed
The power supply is completed within a half hour after the acid is added, so that a compact lead sulfate glass layer is prevented from being formed on the surface of the polar plate due to long-time chemical reaction after the acid is added, and the early formation charging efficiency of the battery is influenced;
the charging formation step is as follows:
(1) by using 2I20Charging for 1.0h at constant current;
(2) by using 4I20Charging for 0.5h at constant current;
(3) using 6.0I20Charging for 5.0h at constant current;
(4) standing for 0.5-1.0 h;
(5) using 6.5I20Positive and negative pulse charging for 4.0h, positive pulse time of 1200ms, negative pulse time of 100ms, positive pulse interval of 100ms, rise time of 100ms, and fall time of 100 ms;
(6) standing for 0.5-1.0 h;
(7) using 4.0I20Intermittent pulse charging is carried out for 2.0h, positive pulse time is 1400ms, negative pulse time is 100ms, rising time is 100ms, and falling time is 100 ms;
(8) standing for 0.5-1.0 h;
(9) by using 3I20The charging time of the positive pulse and the negative pulse is 4.0h, the positive pulse time is 1000ms, the negative pulse time is 200ms, the positive pulse interval is 100ms, the rising time is 100ms, and the falling time is 100 ms.
In this example, the battery connection and the power supply were completed within a half hour after one acid addition.
In the embodiment, in the charging formation process, the circulating cooling water is adopted to control the formation temperature of the battery, so that the temperature of the electrolyte in the formation process is ensured to be 35-65 ℃.
The above embodiment of the present invention provides an alternative pulse forming charging method, and the principle and the implementation of the present invention are explained in detail by applying specific examples, and the above description of the embodiment is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An alternating pulse formation charging process comprises the following steps of primary acid adding, battery connection, power supply and charging formation:
a. primary acid addition of the battery: adding acid at a density of 1.100-1.200 g/ml and 25 ℃;
b. battery connection: the positive and negative terminals of the battery are connected into a loop by adopting lead connecting strips, and the distance between the batteries is kept at 50 +/-5 mm, so that the heat dissipation of the batteries is facilitated;
c. power supply: after the battery is connected, circulating water is injected into the formation tank for cooling, and power supply is completed within half an hour after one-time acidification, so that a compact lead sulfate glass layer is prevented from being formed on the surface of a polar plate due to long-time chemical reaction after acidification, and the early formation charging efficiency of the battery is influenced;
d. the charging formation steps are as follows:
(1) adopts 2 to 3I20Charging for 0.5-1.0 h at constant current;
(2) adopts 4 to 5I20Charging for 0.5-1.0 h at constant current;
(3) adopts 6 to 7I20Charging for 3.0-5.0 h at constant current;
(4) standing for 0.5-1.0 h;
(5) adopts 6 to 7I20Charging positive and negative pulses for 2.0-4.0 h, wherein the positive pulse time is 1200ms, the negative pulse time is 100ms, the positive pulse interval is 100ms, the rising time is 100ms, and the falling time is 100 ms;
(6) standing for 0.5-1.0 h;
(7) adopts 3 to 5I20Intermittent pulse charging is carried out for 2.0-3.0 h, the positive pulse time is 1400ms, the negative pulse time is 100ms, the rising time is 100ms, and the falling time is 100 ms;
(8) standing for 0.5-1.0 h;
(9) 2.5 to 4.5I is adopted20The charging time of the positive pulse and the negative pulse is 3.0-5.0 h, the positive pulse time is 1000ms, the negative pulse time is 200ms, the positive pulse interval is 100ms, the rising time is 100ms, and the falling time is 100 ms.
2. The alternating pulsed formation charge process of claim 1, wherein: step (1) of the procedure d adopts 2.5-3I20Constant current chargerElectrifying for 0.6-0.8 h, and eliminating a lead sulfate layer on the surface of the polar plate.
3. The alternating pulsed formation charge process of claim 1, wherein: in the step (2) of the step d, a charging current of 4.5-5I is adopted20Charging for 0.6-0.8 h, improving the early conversion efficiency, simultaneously controlling the formation temperature, and eliminating the influence of internal temperature rise caused by early chemical reaction.
4. The alternating pulsed formation charge process of claim 1, wherein: the charging current in the step (3) of the step d is 6.5 to 7I20Constant current charging is carried out for 3.5-4.5 h, the side reaction is minimum in the middle stage of formation, the conversion efficiency is high, and the charging efficiency is improved by large current constant current charging.
5. The alternating pulse formation charging process according to claim 1, wherein the step (4), the step (6) and the step (8) of the step d are respectively added with a standing stage, the standing time is 0.6-0.8 h, and the polarization phenomenon in the late formation stage is eliminated.
6. The alternating pulsed formation charge process of claim 1, wherein: in the step a, the density of the primary acid for formation is 1.150-1.190 g/ml and the temperature is 25 ℃.
7. The alternating pulsed formation charge process of claim 1, wherein: in the charging formation process, circulating cooling water is adopted to control the formation temperature of the battery, and the temperature of electrolyte in the formation process is ensured to be 35-65 ℃.
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| CN114586220B (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2024-05-03 | 加拿大电池能源公司 | Method and system for battery formation |
| CN111048850A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-21 | 安徽理士电源技术有限公司 | High-efficiency lead-acid storage battery activation method |
| CN111697279A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-22 | 四川力扬工业有限公司 | Novel efficient positive and negative pulse charging process |
| CN113839440B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2024-01-30 | 蜂巢能源科技(无锡)有限公司 | Method and device for charging battery, computer readable storage medium and processor |
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