CN109601049B - Method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in alkaline earth of arid region - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in alkaline earth of a dry region, which comprises the steps of selecting alkaline earth in an inland dry region, constructing a high ridge farmland, deeply turning farmyard manure, ammonium nitrate and gypsum, and intermittently irrigating the farmland with water to construct a salt-reducing and alkali-improving mode of the alkaline earth; by laminating, soaking and combining with acid organic fertilizer, spraying saline-alkali and fresh water soil moisture, a sowing soil layer with sticky bottom, sand top and middle lying seeds is constructed, and favorable conditions are created for seed germination and growth; by introducing the stress-resistant forage grass, combining the forage grass phenology and growth characteristics, and introducing yellow water and natural rainfall, the irrigation system for saving water is improved. The method is simple and convenient to operate and low in cost, and provides a high-efficiency ecological agricultural utilization mode for comprehensive utilization of alkaline earth, salt-tolerant plants and yellow water diversion resources.

Description

Method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in alkaline earth of arid region

Technical Field

The invention discloses a method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in alkaline earth of a drought region, in particular to a method for constructing a sowing soil layer with sticky bottom, sandy top and lying middle seeds after saline and alkaline earth with moderate cracks in the drought region is leached in a ridge-fertilizer-film-water mode so as to achieve the purpose of planting salt-tolerant forage grass in a whole seedling mode, and belongs to the field of alkaline earth planting in the drought region.

Background

In the arid area irrigated by yellow river water, the climate is dry, less rain and strong evaporation are generated, the soil matrix is formed, long-term unreasonable yellow irrigation is induced to cause soil alkalization, and the alkalized soil colloid contains more exchangeable sodium (the alkalization degree reaches 15% -20%), and the method is mainly characterized in that: shows strong alkaline reaction (pH8.5-11); the colloid is highly dispersed, shrinks, hardens and hardens when dry, and swells and sludges when wet; poor structure and permeability. The traditional crops can not normally emerge and grow, and measures must be taken to reduce salt and change alkali, so as to play the role of treating saline-alkali tolerant organisms. On the basis of the traditional autumn-irrigation/spring-convergence irrigation system, biological treatment is introduced, the combination of biological phenology and water use characteristics with natural rainfall is considered, the irrigation system is changed, the grass and feed industry is developed under the condition of water conservation, alkaline earth is developed, and technical support is provided for the development of the agriculture and animal husbandry.

The forage grass selected by the biological improved alkaline earth is waterlogging-resistant, salt-tolerant, drought-tolerant and barren-resistant plant varieties such as forage sorghum, pearl millet and the like, has strong stress resistance, developed root system and camel drought resistance in severe environment, has the total water demand of about 33 percent of corn and 25 percent of sugarcane, and can improve saline-alkali soil.

The alkaline earth shrinks and hardens hard when dry, swells and sludges when wet, has poor structurability, difficult seed emergence, and dry climate, so that pasture grass planting in the environment is difficult. The subject group combines local planting habits, and on the basis of yellow irrigation practice, the method adopts improved agricultural measures, saves irrigation water, recycles chap alkaline earth, researches the scale planting of the saline-alkali tolerant pasture, constructs a method for planting the salt tolerant pasture on the upper sand, lower sticky and middle lying planting soil layers in the alkaline earth of the dry area, and provides a new way for improving and utilizing the alkaline earth, improving the ecological environment of the farming and pasturing areas and promoting the development of the farming and pasturing industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in alkaline earth in a drought region, which introduces alkaloid on the basis of improving agricultural measures, saves water, produces forage grass and develops alkaline earth. Constructing a salt-reducing and alkali-improving mode of alkaline earth by building a high ridge ridged field, deeply turning farmyard manure, ammonium nitrate and gypsum, and intermittently irrigating water in the ridges; constructing a hole-sowing gold soil layer with downward sticking, upward sand and middle lying seeds by the measures of film covering, acid organic fertilizer pressing, water soaking, drying, dibbling and sand covering; by introducing the stress-resistant forage grass and combining the forage grass phenology and growth characteristics with natural rainfall, the irrigation system improvement of planting the salt-tolerant forage grass in the alkaline earth in the arid region and saving water is realized.

The invention relates to a method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in alkaline earth in a dry area, which comprises the following steps:

selecting and arranging land parcels:

a. selecting a moderate alkaline earth plot, leveling the land, and then planning a bed field with the length of 130m and the width of 50m, wherein the bed ridge is 50 cm in height and 40 cm in width; applying 2000 kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 300 kg of gypsum and 30 kg of ammonium nitrate to each mu of the furrow field, deeply turning over the furrow for 50 cm, and leveling and breaking the furrow;

film covering and water irrigation:

b. b, fertilizing and laminating the leveled farmland in the step a once by using a seeder, filling water into the water permeable bags with the film distance of 50 cm and the pressure of the acid decomposed chicken manure on the films every 20m, soaking the farmland for 2 times at intervals of 8 days, and soaking the farmland at intervals of 150m each time³Per mu, naturally drying, and preparing for dibbling;

constructing a sowing soil layer with lower sticky, upper sand and middle lying seeds:

c. b, before the furrow field is irrigated and drained and the alkaline earth is cracked, punching holes in the mulching film by using a dibbler, sowing the seeds of the forage sorghum or pearl millet with the depth of 2 cm and the pressed sand with the volume of 4-8 cm, and forming a sowing soil layer with lower clay, upper sandy soil and middle lying seeds;

and (3) water and fertilizer management:

d. fertilizing under the soil of a cultivator in combination with spring seedling water, applying 20 kg of instant compound fertilizer per mu, and irrigating 150m under shallow water³Per mu; combining the conditions of precipitation and drought, watering and heading for about 150m³Per mu;

harvesting:

e. and (4) harvesting the sorghum or pearl millet used for feeding as silage in the 9-month wax ripeness stage.

The invention relates to a method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in alkaline earth in a dry area, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

on the basis of improving the agricultural measures, the invention introduces the alkaloid, saves water, produces forage grass and develops alkaline earth. Constructing high ridge farmland, deep turning farmyard manure and fertilizer modifier combined intermittent irrigation is a combination of agriculture and chemical measures for reducing salt and alkali and fertilizing soil; the film covering and the water soaking are combined with the acidic organic fertilizer, so that the saline-alkali fresh water soil moisture can be sprayed, and a sowing soil layer with sticky bottom, sandy top and horizontal middle seeds is formed, thereby creating favorable conditions for seed germination and growth; the forage sorghum and pearl millet which are waterlogging-resistant, salt-resistant, drought-resistant and barren-resistant are selected to be suitable for alkaline earth climatic environments in arid regions, and yellow water and natural rainfall are matched to achieve the purposes of saving water, producing forage grass, developing economy and improving alkaline earth. The method is simple and convenient to operate and low in cost, and establishes efficient ecological mode agriculture for comprehensively utilizing alkaline earth, salt-tolerant plants and yellow water diversion resources.

Detailed Description

The total area of the planting area is 20 mu, which is abandoned 2 medium alkaline-earth farmlands, the pH value is more than 10, the irrigation water of the planting area is mainly yellow guide water, and the mineralization degree is 1-2 g/L; in 2017, sunflower is planted, so that the seedling is difficult to protect and the sunflower is harvested absolutely; in 2018, the method is used for demonstrating and planting 20 mu of forage sorghum and pearl millet.

Example 1

In 2018, the salt-tolerant forage grass planting test is carried out in Wuyuan county of inner Mongolia;

selecting and arranging land parcels:

a. selecting a moderate alkaline earth plot, leveling the land, and then planning a bed field with the length of 130m and the width of 50m, wherein the bed ridge is 50 cm in height and 40 cm in width; applying 2000 kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 300 kg of gypsum and 30 kg of ammonium nitrate to each mu of the furrow field, deeply turning over the furrow for 50 cm, and leveling and breaking the furrow;

film covering and water irrigation:

b. b, fertilizing and laminating the leveled farmland in the step a once by using a seeder, filling water into the water permeable bags with the film distance of 50 cm and the pressure of the acid decomposed chicken manure on the films every 20m, soaking the farmland for 2 times at intervals of 8 days, and soaking the farmland at intervals of 150m each time³Per mu, naturally drying, and preparing for dibbling;

constructing a sowing soil layer with lower sticky, upper sand and middle lying seeds:

c. b, when the furrow field is irrigated and dried, the soil moisture content is proper, and before the alkaline earth is cracked, a dibbler is used for punching holes in the mulching film, and the sowing soil layers with the depth of 2 cm, the ordered sowing of 4 grains of the forage sorghum seeds and the compressed sand of 3 cm are formed;

and (3) water and fertilizer management:

d. fertilizing under the soil of a cultivator in combination with spring seedling water, applying 20 kg of instant compound fertilizer per mu, and irrigating 150m under shallow water³Per mu; combining the conditions of precipitation and drought, watering and heading for about 150m³Per mu;

harvesting:

e. and (5) harvesting the forage sorghum as silage in a 9-month wax ripeness stage.

Example 2

In 2018, the salt-tolerant forage grass planting test is carried out in Wuyuan county of inner Mongolia;

selecting and arranging land parcels:

a. selecting a moderate alkaline earth plot, leveling the land, and then planning a bed field with the length of 130m and the width of 50m, wherein the bed ridge is 50 cm in height and 40 cm in width; applying 2000 kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 300 kg of gypsum and 30 kg of ammonium nitrate to each mu of the furrow field, deeply turning over the furrow for 50 cm, and leveling and breaking the furrow;

film covering and water irrigation:

b. b, fertilizing and laminating the leveled farmland in the step a once by using a seeder, filling water into the water permeable bags with the film distance of 50 cm and the pressure of the acid decomposed chicken manure on the films every 20m, soaking the farmland for 2 times at intervals of 8 days, and soaking the farmland at intervals of 150m each time³Per mu, naturally drying, and preparing for dibbling;

constructing a sowing soil layer with lower sticky, upper sand and middle lying seeds:

c. b, when the furrow field is irrigated and dried and the soil moisture content is proper, before the alkaline earth is cracked, a dibbler is used for punching holes in the mulching film, and 8 pearl millet seeds and 3 cm compressed sand are dibbled by 2 cm deep, so that lower-layer clay, upper-layer sandy soil and middle-lying sowing soil layers are formed;

and (3) water and fertilizer management:

d. fertilizing under the soil of a cultivator in combination with spring seedling water, applying 20 kg of instant compound fertilizer per mu, and irrigating 150m under shallow water³Per mu; combining the conditions of precipitation and drought, watering and heading for about 150m³Per mu;

harvesting:

e. and (5) harvesting the pearl millet to be used as silage in the wax ripeness stage of 9 months.

According to the method for planting the salt-tolerant forage grass in the alkaline earth of the dry land, 25635kg of the average fresh weight per mu of the forage sorghum is harvested in 2018 and 9 months, and 4743kg of the average dry weight per mu is harvested; the average fresh weight per mu of the pearl millet is 14896kg, the average dry weight per mu is 3560kg, and the silage is prepared after harvesting.

Claims (1)

1. A method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in alkaline earth in arid regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:

selecting and arranging land parcels:

a. selecting a moderate alkaline earth plot, leveling the land, and then planning a bed field with the length of 130m and the width of 50m, wherein the bed ridge is 50 cm in height and 40 cm in width; applying 2000 kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 300 kg of gypsum and 30 kg of ammonium nitrate to each mu of the furrow field, deeply turning over the furrow for 50 cm, and leveling and breaking the furrow;

film covering and water irrigation:

b. b, fertilizing and laminating the leveled farmland in the step a once by using a seeder, filling water into the water permeable bags with the film distance of 50 cm and the pressure of the acid decomposed chicken manure on the films every 20m, soaking the farmland for 2 times at intervals of 8 days, and soaking the farmland at intervals of 150m each time³Per mu, naturally drying, and preparing for dibbling;

constructing a sowing soil layer with lower sticky, upper sand and middle lying seeds:

c. b, before the furrow field is irrigated and drained and the alkaline earth is cracked, punching holes in the mulching film by using a dibbler, sowing the seeds of the forage sorghum or pearl millet with the depth of 2 cm and the pressed sand with the volume of 4-8 cm, and forming a sowing soil layer with lower clay, upper sandy soil and middle lying seeds;

and (3) water and fertilizer management:

d. fertilizing under the soil of a cultivator in combination with spring seedling water, applying 20 kg of instant compound fertilizer per mu, and irrigating 150m under shallow water³Per mu; combining the conditions of precipitation and drought, watering and heading for about 150m³Per mu;

harvesting:

e. and (4) harvesting the sorghum or pearl millet used for feeding as silage in the 9-month wax ripeness stage.