CN109591410B - 多层复合板 - Google Patents

多层复合板 Download PDF

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CN109591410B
CN109591410B CN201811319164.5A CN201811319164A CN109591410B CN 109591410 B CN109591410 B CN 109591410B CN 201811319164 A CN201811319164 A CN 201811319164A CN 109591410 B CN109591410 B CN 109591410B
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pvc
wood wool
adhesive layer
foaming agent
wear
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CN109591410A (zh
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唐道远
唐圣卫
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Anhui Sentai Wpc Group Co ltd
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Anhui Sentai Wpc Group Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及PVC结皮发泡板技术领域，具体地，涉及一种多层复合板，至少包括两块PVC结皮发泡板、以及粘接层，所述粘接层形成于所述PVC结皮发泡板之间，并经由粘接层粘接作用使上述PVC结皮发泡板粘接形成所述多层复合板，如此，本申请提供的多层复合板较单一的PVC发泡板相比，利用叠加的结皮层显著增强多层复合板的握钉力，使得多层复合板不仅具有PVC发泡板所具有的的防火、隔音以及减震等性能，而且增强了其作为连接件的连接性能，多层PVC发泡板之间的粘接层不仅起到粘接作用，形成的粘接层具有一定的弹性，当螺钉穿过该粘接层时，粘接层与螺钉的连接处会产生一个挤压螺钉的反向作用力，从而进一步提升多层复合板的握钉力。

Description

多层复合板
技术领域：
本发明涉及PVC结皮发泡板技术领域，具体地，涉及一种多层复合板。
背景技术：
PVC发泡板又称为雪弗板和安迪板，其化学成分是聚氯乙烯(Polyvinylchloride)，所以也称为泡沫聚氯乙烯板。广泛应用于客车、火车车厢顶棚、箱体芯层、内部装潢用板、建筑物外墙板、内装饰用板、办公室、住宅、公共场所建筑物隔间，商用装饰架、无尘室用板、吊顶板、网板印刷、电脑刻字、广告标示、展板、标志用板相册板等行业及化工防腐工程、热成型件、冷库用板、特殊保冷工程、环保用板模、运动器材、养殖用材、海滨防潮设施、耐水材料、美工材料及各种轻便隔板代替玻璃天棚等。PVC发泡板油漆系列，对PVC大板施工容易、附着力强、硬度高、耐晒性佳、喷漆后对PVC板材切割、钻孔均无锯齿状裂痕，性能优异，易喷涂、低成本、单组份符合ROHS环保、对油漆涂装PVC浴室柜、PVC浴室柜表面有很好的装饰性和保护功能。在PVC发泡制品中，加入超高分子量聚合物的目的：一是为了促进PVC的塑化；二是为了提高PVC发泡物料的熔体强度，防止气泡的合并，以得到均匀发泡的制品；三是为了保证熔体具有良好的流动性，以得到外观良好的制品。由于不同的发泡制品生产厂家的产品不同，所用的设备、工艺、原料及润滑体系均有差异，因此我们开发了具有不同性能的发泡调节剂，以满足用户的不同需求。
塑料发泡成型分为三个过程：气泡核的形成、气泡核的膨胀和泡体的固化。对于添加化学发泡剂的PVC发泡片材来说，气泡核的膨胀对发泡片材的质量起决定性影响。PVC属于直链分子，分子链较短，熔体强度低，在气泡核膨胀成气泡过程中，熔体不足以包覆住气泡，气体易溢出合并成大泡，降低发泡片材的产品质量。
现有技术中，在使用PVC结皮发泡板时，由于PVC结皮发泡板的两端面有结皮，从而使得PVC结皮发泡板拥有一定的强度，两结皮层之间的泡沫聚氯乙烯为PVC结皮发泡板提供一定的隔音、减震以及支撑性能，但是当PVC结皮发泡板作为连接件使用时，连接件之间的握钉力较小，存在连接件之间的连接性低，连接不紧固的问题。
发明内容：
本发明克服现有技术的缺陷，提供一种多层复合板。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案实现：一种多层复合板，至少包括两块PVC结皮发泡板、以及粘接层，所述粘接层形成于所述PVC结皮发泡板之间，并经由粘接层粘接作用使上述PVC结皮发泡板粘接形成所述多层复合板。
优选的，所述PVC结皮发泡板包括PVC发泡板层及位于PVC发泡板层上、下表面的结皮层，所述粘接层涂覆于相邻结皮层之间。
优选的，所述的粘接层具有0.1～0.5mm的厚度。
优选的，所述粘接层是经由亚克力胶涂覆形成。
优选的，所述PVC结皮发泡板，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
聚氯乙烯树脂粉60～75份，改性木丝30～40份，稳定剂1～2份，润滑剂1～2份，发泡剂0.1～2份；
优选的，所述稳定剂为复合铅稳定剂；所述的发泡剂由黄发泡剂和白发泡剂组成，黄发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、亚硝基类发泡剂或酰肼类发泡剂；白发泡剂为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢铵、碳酸铵或叠氮化合物，黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的质量比为1:1～1:4；所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸、硬脂酸酯、硬脂酸醇化合物、硬脂酸酰胺类、脂肪酸金属皂类、聚乙烯蜡、石蜡或氧化聚乙烯。
优选的，所述PVC结皮板的制备方法包括，将配方量的原料混合后，采用锥形双螺杆和三辊加工设备进行加工，螺杆转速为10～25转/分，加工温度为130～190℃，螺杆油温70～120℃，模具温度150～180℃，模唇温度130～180℃，采用三辊降温冷却定型并消除张力后进行切割制得。
所述改性木丝经由以下步骤制备：
(1)采用废弃、边角木料沿顺纤维方向剪切成木丝，木丝的长度为10～15mm，木丝的横截面积为2～4mm2；
(2)将步骤(1)处理得到的木丝进行烘烤处理，烘烤的温度为20～35℃，烘烤时间以木丝的含水量低于15％以下，形成焦干木丝；
(3)制备耐磨弹性胶溶液：
所述耐磨弹性胶溶液的组分配比如下：丙烯酸乙酯15～25％，甲基丙烯酸甲酯10～15％，聚氨酯15～20％，粒径为10～40um的氧化铝颗粒5～10％，粒径为200～400um的氧化铝颗粒3～8％，余量为去离子水；
所述耐磨弹性胶溶液的制备方法：先将丙烯酸乙酯，聚氨酯，甲基丙烯酸甲酯充分混合均匀，然后将不同颗粒的氧化铝颗粒投入上述溶液中，并在145-160℃，压力15-20Mpa下硫化3～4min，即得所述耐磨弹性胶溶液；
(4)将步骤(2)中的焦干木丝投入步骤(3)制备的耐磨弹性胶溶液中，使得耐磨弹性胶溶液均匀附着在焦干木丝的表面，烘干并形成0.1～0.5mm厚的弹性胶体层。
待烘干的木丝首先进入微波干燥箱，经过微波使物料脱去50～60％水分；所述微波干燥箱的微波频率为1100～1400兆赫，微波脱水后木丝本身温度达到21℃；微波脱水后的物料进入烘房，在烘房内依次经21～25℃、25～30℃和30～35℃三个不同温度区域的烘烤，总烘烤时间为4～6小时。
与现有技术相比，本申请的有益效果为：
1、本申请提供的多层复合板较单一的PVC发泡板相比，利用叠加的结皮层显著增强多层复合板的握钉力，使得多层复合板不仅具有PVC发泡板所具有的的防火、隔音以及减震等性能，而且增强了其作为连接件的连接性能，多层PVC发泡板之间的粘接层不仅起到粘接作用，形成的粘接层具有一定的弹性，当螺钉穿过该粘接层时，粘接层与螺钉的连接处会产生一个挤压螺钉的反向作用力，从而进一步提升多层复合板的握钉力；
2、本申请中，微波加热为瞬间加热，使进入烘房前木丝就达到了一定的温度，节约了时间，效率得到了提高，且微波加热为立体加热，使进入烘房的物料内外温度均匀，解决了木丝单独进入烘房时，内部水分出不来的问题，确保木丝内的含水率低于15％，避免了外干里湿的现象；
3、本申请中，经过烘烤处理后的木丝能够较好的与耐磨弹性胶溶液结合，耐磨弹性胶溶液能够较好的渗透至木丝的内部，从而增强了耐磨弹性胶溶液与木丝之间的结合力度，使得改性木丝具有一定的韧性、弹性，利用改性木丝制备得到的PVC结皮发泡板，其内部的改性木丝是随意且均匀排列在PVC发泡板的内部的，任意方向延伸的改性木丝极大的提高了PVC结皮发泡板的力学性能，使其拥有更好的韧性，当PVC结皮发泡板受力过大失效时，其内部分布的改性木丝还起到连接作用，避免PVC结皮发泡板碎裂，砸伤人和物；
4、本申请中，在制备改性木丝过程中，添加的粒径为10～40um的氧化铝颗粒以及粒径为200～400um的氧化铝颗粒，是均匀分散在改性木丝的弹性胶体层内的，当螺钉嵌入到PVC结皮发泡板时，螺钉的外表面不仅仅是与PVC结皮发泡板作用，其内部分布的改性木丝由于增大PVC结皮发泡板的密度，增强其握钉力，当螺钉的外表面同时与改性木丝作用，增强其握钉力的原理包括：
(1)：螺钉的外表面与改性木丝的弹性胶体层作用，弹性胶体层具有一定的弹性，挤压螺钉，增强其握钉力；
(2):分布在弹性胶体层上的氧化铝颗粒随机卡嵌在螺钉表面上，其大、小不同的氧化铝颗粒能够使得不同位置处的弹性胶体对于螺钉的挤压力不同，从而形成大、小交替的作用力作用于螺钉表面，从而极大增强了PVC结皮发泡板的握钉力；
(3)：当嵌设在螺钉表面的氧化铝颗粒受螺钉的作用力较大时，会脱离弹性胶体层的表面，使得螺钉的外表面形成一层高、低不平的面，该高、低不平的面能够增强与弹性胶体层之间的摩擦力，从而增强其握钉力；
(4)：当螺钉穿透改性木丝时，其木丝会给螺钉一个沿螺钉径向的挤压力，从而增强PVC结皮发泡板的握钉力；
5、本申请中，含有氧化铝颗粒的弹性胶体层还具有保护木丝的作用，能够避免木丝在PVC结皮发泡板制备过程中碳化，使木丝碳化失效。
附图说明：
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为图1的横截面剖视图；
图中：10～多层复合板；11～PVC结皮发泡板；12～粘接层。
具体实施方式：
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明。
实施例1：
如图1和图2所示:一种多层复合板，包括两块PVC结皮发泡板11、以及粘接层12，粘接层12形成于PVC结皮发泡板11之间，并经由粘接层12粘接作用使PVC结皮发泡板11粘接形成多层复合板10；PVC结皮发泡板11包括PVC发泡板层及位于PVC发泡板层上、下表面的结皮层，粘接层12涂覆于相邻结皮层之间；粘接层12具有0.3mm的厚度，粘接层12是经由亚克力胶涂覆形成。
本申请提供的多层复合板较单一的PVC发泡板相比，利用叠加的结皮层显著增强多层复合板的握钉力，使得多层复合板10不仅具有PVC发泡板所具有的的防火、隔音以及减震等性能，而且增强了其作为连接件的连接性能，多层PVC发泡板11之间的粘接层12不仅起到粘接作用，形成的粘接层12具有一定的弹性，当螺钉穿过该粘接层12时，粘接层12与螺钉的连接处会产生一个挤压螺钉的反向作用力，从而进一步提升多层复合板的握钉力。
其中，本实施例采用市场上常见的PVC结皮发泡板，制备形成多层复合板，具体的，本对比例采用深圳新中美装饰材料有限公司生产的PVC结皮发泡板。
实施例2：
如图所示，本实施例内容与实施例1的结构基本相同，相同之处不再赘述，不同之处在于：
PVC结皮发泡板，包括以下组分：聚氯乙烯树脂粉60kg，改性木丝30kg，稳定剂1kg，润滑剂1kg，发泡剂0.1kg；
稳定剂为复合铅稳定剂；发泡剂由黄发泡剂和白发泡剂组成，黄发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、亚硝基类发泡剂或酰肼类发泡剂；白发泡剂为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢铵、碳酸铵或叠氮化合物，黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的质量比为1:1～1:4；润滑剂为硬脂酸、硬脂酸酯、硬脂酸醇化合物、硬脂酸酰胺类、脂肪酸金属皂类、聚乙烯蜡、石蜡或氧化聚乙烯。
PVC结皮板的制备方法包括，将配方量的原料混合后，采用锥形双螺杆和三辊加工设备进行加工，螺杆转速为10～25转/分，加工温度为130～190℃，螺杆油温70～120℃，模具温度150～180℃，模唇温度130～180℃，采用三辊降温冷却定型并消除张力后进行切割制得。
改性木丝经由以下步骤制备：
(1)采用废弃、边角木料沿顺纤维方向剪切成木丝，木丝的长度为10～15mm，木丝的横截面积为2～4mm2；
(2)将步骤(1)处理得到的木丝进行烘烤处理，烘烤的温度为20～45℃，烘烤时间以木丝的含水量低于15％以下，形成焦干木丝；
(3)制备耐磨弹性胶溶液：
具体地，耐磨弹性胶溶液的组分配比如下：丙烯酸乙酯15～25％，甲基丙烯酸甲酯10～15％，聚氨酯15～20％，粒径为10～40um的氧化铝颗粒5～10％，粒径为200～400um的氧化铝颗粒3～8％，余量为去离子水；
耐磨弹性胶溶液的制备方法：先将丙烯酸乙酯，聚氨酯，甲基丙烯酸甲酯充分混合均匀，然后将不同颗粒的氧化铝颗粒投入上述溶液中，并在145-160℃，压力15-20Mpa下硫化3～4min，即得所述耐磨弹性胶溶液；
(4)将步骤(2)中的焦干木丝投入步骤(3)制备的耐磨弹性胶溶液中，使得耐磨弹性胶溶液均匀附着在焦干木丝的表面，烘干并形成0.1～0.5mm厚的弹性胶体层。
待烘干的木丝首先进入微波干燥箱，经过微波使物料脱去50～60％水分；所述微波干燥箱的微波频率为1100～1400兆赫，微波脱水后木丝本身温度达到21℃；微波脱水后的物料进入烘房，在烘房内依次经21～25℃、25～30℃和30～35℃三个不同温度区域的烘烤，总烘烤时间为4～6小时。
实施例3：
本实施例内容和实施例2内容基本相同，相同之处不再重述，不同之处在于：
PVC结皮发泡板，包括以下组分：聚氯乙烯树脂粉67kg，改性木丝35kg，稳定剂1.5kg，润滑剂1.5kg，发泡剂1kg。
实施例4
本实施例内容和实施例2内容基本相同，相同之处不再重述，不同之处在于：
PVC结皮发泡板，包括以下组分：聚氯乙烯树脂粉75kg，改性木丝40kg，稳定剂2kg，润滑剂2kg，发泡剂2kg。
对比例1
本对比例采用市场上常见的PVC结皮发泡板，且采用单块PVC结皮发泡板进行测试，具体的，本对比例采用深圳新中美装饰材料有限公司生产的PVC结皮发泡板。
对比例2
本对比例内容和实施例3内容相同，相同之处不再重述，不同之处在于：
改性木丝经由以下步骤制备：
(1)采用废弃、边角木料沿顺纤维方向剪切成木丝，木丝的长度为10～15mm，木丝的横截面积为2～4mm2；
(2)将步骤(1)处理得到的木丝进行烘烤处理，烘烤的温度为20～45℃，烘烤时间以木丝的含水量低于15％以下，形成焦干木丝；
(3)制备耐磨弹性胶溶液：
具体地，耐磨弹性胶溶液的组分配比如下：丙烯酸乙酯15～25％，甲基丙烯酸甲酯10～15％，聚氨酯15～20％，粒径为200～400um的氧化铝颗粒3～8％，余量为去离子水；
耐磨弹性胶溶液的制备方法：先将丙烯酸乙酯，聚氨酯，甲基丙烯酸甲酯充分混合均匀，然后将不同颗粒的氧化铝颗粒投入上述溶液中，并在145-160℃，压力15-20Mpa下硫化3～4min，即得所述耐磨弹性胶溶液；
(4)将步骤(2)中的焦干木丝投入步骤(3)制备的耐磨弹性胶溶液中，使得耐磨弹性胶溶液均匀附着在焦干木丝的表面，烘干并形成0.1～0.5mm厚的弹性胶体层。
对比例3
本对比例内容和实施例3内容相同，相同之处不再重述，不同之处在于：
改性木丝经由以下步骤制备：
(1)采用废弃、边角木料沿顺纤维方向剪切成木丝，木丝的长度为10～15mm，木丝的横截面积为2～4mm2；
(2)将步骤(1)处理得到的木丝进行烘烤处理，烘烤的温度为20～45℃，烘烤时间以木丝的含水量低于15％以下，形成焦干木丝；
(3)制备耐磨弹性胶溶液：
具体地，耐磨弹性胶溶液的组分配比如下：丙烯酸乙酯15～25％，甲基丙烯酸甲酯10～15％，聚氨酯15～20％，粒径为10～40um的氧化铝颗粒5～10％，余量为去离子水；
耐磨弹性胶溶液的制备方法：先将丙烯酸乙酯，聚氨酯，甲基丙烯酸甲酯充分混合均匀，然后将不同颗粒的氧化铝颗粒投入上述溶液中，并在145-160℃，压力15-20Mpa下硫化3～4min，即得所述耐磨弹性胶溶液；
(4)将步骤(2)中的焦干木丝投入步骤(3)制备的耐磨弹性胶溶液中，使得耐磨弹性胶溶液均匀附着在焦干木丝的表面，烘干并形成0.1～0.5mm厚的弹性胶体层。
对比例4
本对比例内容和实施例3内容相同，相同之处不再重述，不同之处在于：
改性木丝经由以下步骤制备：
(1)采用废弃、边角木料沿顺纤维方向剪切成木丝，木丝的长度为10～15mm，木丝的横截面积为2～4mm2；
(2)将步骤(1)处理得到的木丝进行烘烤处理，烘烤的温度为20～45℃，烘烤时间以木丝的含水量低于15％以下，形成焦干木丝；
(3)制备耐磨弹性胶溶液：
具体地，耐磨弹性胶溶液的组分配比如下：丙烯酸乙酯15～25％，甲基丙烯酸甲酯10～15％，聚氨酯15～20％，余量为去离子水；
耐磨弹性胶溶液的制备方法：先将丙烯酸乙酯，聚氨酯，甲基丙烯酸甲酯充分混合均匀，然后将不同颗粒的氧化铝颗粒投入上述溶液中，并在145-160℃，压力15-20Mpa下硫化3～4min，即得所述耐磨弹性胶溶液；
(4)将步骤(2)中的焦干木丝投入步骤(3)制备的耐磨弹性胶溶液中，使得耐磨弹性胶溶液均匀附着在焦干木丝的表面，烘干并形成0.1～0.5mm厚的弹性胶体层。
性能测试：
对实施例2～3，对比例1～4进行握钉力测试，采用GB/T14018木材握钉力试验方法进行测试，其测试结果如表1所示：
表1
Figure BDA0001857089990000091
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的特点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求保护的范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (3)

1.一种多层复合板，其特征在于，至少包括两块PVC结皮发泡板、以及粘接层，所述粘接层形成于所述PVC结皮发泡板之间，并经由粘接层粘接作用使上述PVC结皮发泡板粘接形成所述多层复合板，所述PVC结皮发泡板包括PVC发泡板层及位于PVC发泡板层上、下表面的结皮层，所述粘接层涂覆于相邻结皮层之间；
所述PVC结皮发泡板，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
聚氯乙烯树脂粉60～75份，改性木丝30～40份，稳定剂1～2份，润滑剂1～2份，发泡剂0.1～2份；
所述稳定剂为复合铅稳定剂；所述的发泡剂由黄发泡剂和白发泡剂组成，黄发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、亚硝基类发泡剂或酰肼类发泡剂；白发泡剂为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢铵、碳酸铵或叠氮化合物，黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的质量比为1:1～1:4；所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸、硬脂酸酯、硬脂酸醇化合物、硬脂酸酰胺类、脂肪酸金属皂类、聚乙烯蜡、石蜡或氧化聚乙烯；
所述PVC结皮板的制备方法包括，将配方量的原料混合后，采用锥形双螺杆和三辊加工设备进行加工，螺杆转速为10～25转/分，加工温度为130～190℃，螺杆油温70～120℃，模具温度150～180℃，模唇温度130～180℃，采用三辊降温冷却定型并消除张力后进行切割制得；
所述改性木丝经由以下步骤制备：
(1)采用废弃、边角木料沿顺纤维方向剪切成木丝，木丝的长度为10～15mm，木丝的横截面积为2～4mm2；
(2)将步骤(1)处理得到的木丝进行烘烤处理，待烘干的木丝首先进入微波干燥箱，经过微波使物料脱去50～60％水分；所述微波干燥箱的微波频率为1100～1400兆赫，微波脱水后木丝本身温度达到21℃；微波脱水后的物料进入烘房，在烘房内依次经21～25℃、25～30℃和30～35℃三个不同温度区域的烘烤，总烘烤时间为4～6小时，使木丝的含水量低于15％以下，形成焦干木丝；
(3)制备耐磨弹性胶溶液：
所述耐磨弹性胶溶液的组分配比如下：丙烯酸乙酯15～25％，甲基丙烯酸甲酯10～15％，聚氨酯15～20％，粒径为10～40um的氧化铝颗粒5～10％，粒径为200～400um的氧化铝颗粒3～8％，余量为去离子水；
所述耐磨弹性胶溶液的制备方法：先将丙烯酸乙酯，聚氨酯，甲基丙烯酸甲酯充分混合均匀，然后将不同颗粒的氧化铝颗粒投入上述溶液中，并在145-160℃，压力15-20Mpa下硫化3～4min，即得所述耐磨弹性胶溶液；
(4)将步骤(2)中的焦干木丝投入步骤(3)制备的耐磨弹性胶溶液中，使得耐磨弹性胶溶液均匀附着在焦干木丝的表面，烘干并形成0.1～0.5mm厚的弹性胶体层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层复合板，其特征在于，所述的粘接层具有0.1～0.5mm的厚度。
3.根据权利要求2所述的多层复合板，其特征在于，所述粘接层是经由亚克力胶涂覆形成。
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