CN109585983A - One kind being based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter - Google Patents
One kind being based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter Download PDFInfo
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- CN109585983A CN109585983A CN201811353221.1A CN201811353221A CN109585983A CN 109585983 A CN109585983 A CN 109585983A CN 201811353221 A CN201811353221 A CN 201811353221A CN 109585983 A CN109585983 A CN 109585983A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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Abstract
The invention discloses one kind to be based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter, including two coupling lines of λ/4, LC mating structures, vector synthesizer.The invention proposes a kind of novel W-waveband phase shifters based on CMOS technology, differential signal can be generated four tunnel orthogonal signalling by two coupling lines of λ/4, LC mating structure can reduce Insertion Loss between grade, and four tunnel orthogonal signalling are synthesized appropriate phase by vector synthesizer.Therein it is proposed that a kind of implementation of coupling line of λ/4 that the integrated level based on CMOS technology is high and a kind of novel Vector modulation structure based on Gilbert cell.Solve that existing phase shifter frequency is lower, the big problem at high cost of area, be it is a kind of have very much promotion prospect can be used for W-waveband based on CMOS technology active phase shifter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of phase shifters, especially a kind of to be based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter.
Background technique
Phase shifter is a kind of two-port network, and suitable direct current signal controls to be generated centainly between its output and input signal
Phase difference.Phased array system is to line up the aerial array that array format is constituted by multiple Transmit-Receive Units.Each Transmit-Receive Unit
There is a phase shifter, when phased-array radar work, computer controls the working condition of phase shifter to change each transmitting antenna
Current feed phase is completed to scan sky so that the direction of radar beam be made to change.Many of phased-array radar hair, receipts group
Part, and each component will need a corresponding phase shifter, therefore the performance of phase shifter, cost largely embody
Performance, the cost of transmitting-receiving subassembly.
The research of past phase shifter focuses primarily upon the research of three-five technique, passive phase shifter.Passive phase shifter is logical
A passive network is crossed to obtain the phase shifter of the phase shift of needs, a kind of example of passive phase shifter, as shown in Figure 1.Four nothings
Source phase shifter is by 4 module compositions, the transmission line of respectively 45 degree electrical length, the transmission line of 45 degree of electrical length, 90 degree of electrical length
Transmission line, 180 degree electrical length transmission line, combined by 4 single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)s, selection carry out each module phase shift or
Phase in-migration is not combined into different phase shift phases.
Although passive phase shifter superior performance, more using passive device, area is larger, integrated level is low, at high cost, and
And Insertion Loss is big.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of that present invention to provide one kind to be based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter, and it is lower to solve existing phase shifter frequency,
Problem at high cost.
One kind being based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter, comprising: two coupling lines of λ/4, LC mating structure and Vector modulation
Device.Vector synthesizer includes two digital-to-analogue switching current mirrors.
Signal is input to two coupling line input terminals of λ/4.The straight-through end of two coupling lines of λ/4 connects LC matching with coupled end
The input terminal of structure.The isolation end of two coupling lines of λ/4 connects impedance matching resistor.The output connected vector of LC mating structure closes
The input grown up to be a useful person.Signal after the output end output phase shift of vector synthesizer.
In the coupled line structure of λ/4, port 1 is input terminal, and port 2 is straight-through end, and port 3 is coupled end, and port 4 is isolation
End.
Wherein, vector synthesizer is made of symmetrical two Gilbert cell circuits.Four couples of radio frequency input pipe MOS
Pipe: M1 is connected with the grid end of M4, and M2 is connected with the grid end of M3, and M5 is connected with the grid end of M8, and M6 is connected with the grid end of M7；M1,M3,
The drain terminal of M5, M7 are connected, and the drain terminal of M2, M4, M6, M8 are connected；The source of M1 and M2 is connected to the drain terminal of switching tube M9, M3 and M4
Source be connected to the drain terminal of switching tube M10, the source of M5 and M6 are connected to the drain terminal of switching tube M11, the source phase of M7 and M8
It is connected to the drain terminal of switching tube M12.The source of switching tube M9 and M10 are connected to current source IDAC, the source phase of switching tube M9 and M10
It is connected to current source QDAC.
Differential signal inputs two coupling line input terminals of λ/4 respectively.The coupling line of λ/4 is that two unshielded transmission lines abut
When together, the interaction of each transmission line electromagnetic field and between transmission line generate power coupling.In specific frequency and specific
Under the value of electrical length, when input section is driven with signal source, the output signal of straight-through end and coupled end has 90 ° of phase differences.
LC mating structure is a kind of impedance matching structure, and the input impedance conversion of vector synthesizer is become the coupling line of λ/4
The conjugate impedance of characteristic impedance is to reduce the Insertion Loss that signal transmits.
Tetra- tunnel orthogonal signalling of vector synthesizer Shi Jiang synthesize the structure of phase, realize arbitrary phase within the scope of 360 °.
Phase shifter realizes 360 degree of phase shifts: when circuit works normally, control device M9 and M10, M11 and M12 are not led simultaneously
It is logical.Under the influence of control signals, transistor M1~M8 half works, the other half is in an off state, is realized with this to synthesis
The polarity of signal selects.When switch IS conducting, then switch ISB is centainly not turned on, M1 and M2 shutdown in the I access of the left side, I letter
Number output end is flowed to via M3 and M4；When the switch QS conducting in the right Q channel at this time, then switch QSB is centainly not turned on, Q
Signal flows to output end via M5 and M6；Since the input signal of IS, ISB and QS, QSB are differential, then I+ and Q+ signals
Output signal (I++Q+) is arrived what output end was added with M6 by M2 respectively, I- and Q- signal passes through M1 and M5 respectively and exporting
What end was added arrives output signal (I-+Q-), 180 ° of the two phase phase difference, output end difference output, obtained signal phase position
In first quartile.(I+, I-) and (Q+, Q-) is freely combined by the on state of control switch IS, ISB, QS and QSB, is obtained
The phase of the working condition different to four kinds, corresponding output signal is located at four different quadrants, is achieved in 360 °
Phase change.
Vector compounding phase shifter synthesis phase: wherein IDACFor the road I tail current size, QDACFor the road Q tail current size.When penetrating
Frequency input pipe M1~M8 works in saturation region, and electric current meets following formula: VinFor input voltage.gmIt is the mutual conductance of radio frequency input pipe.
Iout=gm*Vin
When radio frequency input pipe M1~M8 size is identical:
90 ° of range phase shifts are realized by changing I, Q two-way size of current, and phase shift in 90 ° is determined after above-mentioned determining quadrant
Size.
Preferably, coupling line spacing is 2um, periphery coupling wire length 142um, wide 36um.
Preferably, it is emulated in ADS emulator, coupling line characteristic impedance is 50 Ω
Preferably, the load resistance R of the isolation end PORT4 of coupling line is 50 Ω.
W-waveband phase shifter of the present invention based on CMOS technology forms orthogonal signalling using the coupling line of λ/4, passes through LC
Matching network reduces Insertion Loss, and orthogonal signalling are synthesized appropriate phase using vector synthesizer.CMOS technology integrated level is high, cost
Cheap, cost is greatly reduced compared with three-five technique.Active phase shifter of the research based on CMOS technology helps to reduce phase shifter
Area reduces cost, has very high engineering application value.Meanwhile the active phase shifter based on CMOS technology is easy to and other
Circuit integration, and have certain gain, it is easy to use.As can be seen that it can be big by changing I, Q two-way electric current by above-mentioned formula
90 ° of range phase shifts of small realization, the current switch by controlling I, Q two-way realize 360 ° of scannings of phase.I, the electric current of Q two-way is big
Small, direction changes control, and ratio can be easy to use, simple by extraneous number configuration.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of passive phase shifter architecture diagram of Fig. 1；
Fig. 2 one kind is based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter architecture diagram；
Fig. 3 tradition coupling line of λ/4；
Fig. 4 vector synthesizer framework；
The high coupling line of λ/4 of the integrated level that a kind of CMOS technology of Fig. 5 is realized；
A kind of LC matching network structure of Fig. 6；
A kind of realization structure of vector synthesizer of Fig. 7.
Specific embodiment
One kind being based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter, comprising: two coupling lines of λ/4, LC mating structure and Vector modulation
Device.Vector synthesizer includes two digital-to-analogue switching current mirrors.
Connection relationship and positional relationship:
Signal is input to two coupling line input terminals of λ/4.The straight-through end of two coupling lines of λ/4 connects LC matching with coupled end
The input terminal of structure.The isolation end of two coupling lines of λ/4 connects impedance matching resistor.The output connected vector of LC mating structure closes
The input grown up to be a useful person.Signal after the output end output phase shift of vector synthesizer.
Wherein, the coupled line structure of λ/4 figure is as shown in figure 3, port 1 is input terminal, and port 2 is straight-through end, and port 3 is coupling
End, port 4 are isolation end.
Wherein, vector synthesizer is improved based on traditional Gilbert cell, and structure chart is as shown in figure 4, by a left side
Right symmetrical two improved Gilbert cell circuit compositions.Four pairs of radio frequency input pipe metal-oxide-semiconductors: M1 is connected with the grid end of M4,
M2 is connected with the grid end of M3, and M5 is connected with the grid end of M8, and M6 is connected with the grid end of M7；The drain terminal of M1, M3, M5, M7 are connected, M2,
The drain terminal of M4, M6, M8 are connected；The source of M1 and M2 is connected to the drain terminal of switching tube M9, and the source of M3 and M4 are connected to switching tube
The source of the drain terminal of M10, M5 and M6 are connected to the drain terminal of switching tube M11, and the source of M7 and M8 are connected to the leakage of switching tube M12
End.The source of switching tube M9 and M10 are connected to current source IDAC, and the source of switching tube M9 and M10 are connected to current source QDAC.
Action:
Differential signal inputs two coupling line input terminals of λ/4 respectively.The basic principle of the coupling line of λ/4 is two unshielded
When transmission line is closely packed together, the interaction of each transmission line electromagnetic field and between transmission line generate power coupling.Specific
Under the value of frequency and particular electrical length, when input section is driven with signal source, the output signal of straight-through end and coupled end has 90 °
Phase difference.
LC mating structure is a kind of impedance matching structure.It couples the input impedance conversion of vector synthesizer as λ/4
The conjugate impedance of line characteristic impedance is to reduce the Insertion Loss that signal transmits.
Tetra- tunnel orthogonal signalling of vector synthesizer Shi Jiang synthesize the structure of appropriate phase, can be realized within the scope of 360 ° and appoint
Meaning phase, structure chart are as shown in Figure 4.
The principle that phase shifter is able to achieve 360 degree of phase shifts is as follows: when circuit works normally, control device M9 and M10, M11
It is not simultaneously turned on M12.Under the influence of control signals, transistor M1~M8 half works, the other half is in an off state, with
This, which is realized, selects the polarity of composite signal.For example, then switch ISB is centainly not turned on, left side I access when switch IS conducting
In M1 and M2 shutdown, I signal flows to output end via M3 and M4；If the switch QS conducting in the Q channel of the right at this time,
Switch QSB is centainly not turned on, and Q signal flows to output end via M5 and M6；Since the input signal of IS, ISB and QS, QSB are
It is differential, it may be considered that I+ with Q+ signal pass through respectively M2 and M6 output end be added to output signal (I++Q+), I- and
Q- signal passes through M1 respectively and arrives output signal (I-+Q-) what output end was added with M5,180 ° of the two phase phase difference.They are exported
Difference output is held, obtained signal phase is located at first quartile.Pass through the on state of control switch IS, ISB, QS and QSB
(I+, I-) and (Q+, Q-) is freely combined, four kinds of different working conditions are obtained, they correspond to the phase difference of output signal
The quadrant different positioned at four, is achieved in 360 ° of phase change.
The principle of vector compounding phase shifter synthesis phase size is as follows, wherein IDACFor the road I tail current size, QDACFor
The road Q tail current size.If radio frequency input pipe M1~M8 works in saturation region, it is believed that its electric current meets following formula: VinFor input electricity
Pressure.gmIt is the mutual conductance of radio frequency input pipe.
Iout=gm*Vin
When radio frequency input pipe M1~M8 size is identical,
By above-mentioned formula as can be seen that 90 ° of range phase shifts can be realized by changing I, Q two-way size of current, upper
State the size that phase shift in 90 ° is determined after determining quadrant.
One kind being based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter, including two coupling lines of λ/4, LC mating structures, vector synthesizer.
This example provides one kind based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter, realizes in CMOS 65nm technique.
This paper presents a kind of implementations of the coupling line of λ/4, as shown in figure 5, reducing area, improve the integrated of phase shifter
Degree.Coupling line spacing is 2um, periphery coupling wire length 142um, wide 36um.It is emulated in ADS emulator, coupling line characteristic impedance
About 50 Ω.The load resistance R of the isolation end PORT4 of coupling line is 50 Ω.
LC matching network, as shown in Figure 6.Capacitor C1=C2=C3=C4=207fF, inductance L1=L2=270pH.
Vector synthesizer is as shown in fig. 7, to radio frequency input pipe metal-oxide-semiconductor: M1 is connected with the grid end of M4, the grid end phase of M2 and M3
Even, M5 is connected with the grid end of M8, and M6 is connected with the grid end of M7；The drain terminal of M1, M3, M5, M7 are connected, the drain terminal of M2, M4, M6, M8
It is connected；The source of M1 and M2 is connected to the drain terminal of switching tube M9, and the source of M3 and M4 are connected to the drain terminal of switching tube M10, M5 and
The source of M6 is connected to the drain terminal of switching tube M11, and the source of M7 and M8 are connected to the drain terminal of switching tube M12.M1~M8 size phase
It is all 7u/60n.The source of switching tube M9 and M10 are connected to current mirror pipe group M<13:20>, the source of switching tube M9 and M10
It is connected to current mirror pipe group M<21:28>, the grid end of current mirror pipe group M<13:20>is separately connected switch IDAC's<7:0>
The grid end of one end, current mirror pipe group M<21:28>is separately connected one end of switch QDAC<7:0>.Switch IDAC<7:0>is another
End and switch QDAC<7:0>other end are connected to grid and the drain electrode of tube of current M22, and the drain and gate of M22 is connected to biasing
Electric current IBIAS,.M9~M12 size is mutually all 112u/60n.Current mirror is 8, and bias current IBIAS is 40uA, M22 pipe
Having a size of 6u/800n, the size of M<13:20>and M<21:28>pipe is respectively 3u/800n, 6u/800n, 12u/800n, 24u/
800n, 48u/800n, 64u/800n, 128u/800n, 256u/800n.Therefore, the achievable maximum current 5.1mA of current mirror,
Minimum 0mA.The ratio variation of QDAC and IDAC may be implemented, proportional precision is influenced by 8 current mirror precision.
The rationally size of setting QDAC and IDAC, this phase shifter can realize that stepping is 5.625 ° of 64 phase states phase shifts.It is imitative
Very the result shows that W-waveband of this phase shifter in 90-94GHz has Phase-shifting Errors of the RMS less than 5 °, suitable for W-waveband phase shift
It uses.
Claims (5)
1. one kind be based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter characterized by comprising two coupling lines of λ/4, LC mating structure and
Vector synthesizer；Vector synthesizer includes two digital-to-analogue switching current mirrors；
Signal is input to two coupling line input terminals of λ/4；The straight-through end of two coupling lines of λ/4 connects LC mating structure with coupled end
Input terminal；The isolation end of two coupling lines of λ/4 connects impedance matching resistor；The output connected vector synthesizer of LC mating structure
Input；Signal after the output end output phase shift of vector synthesizer；In the coupled line structure of λ/4, port 1 is input terminal, port 2
For straight-through end, port 3 is coupled end, and port 4 is isolation end；
Wherein, vector synthesizer is made of symmetrical two Gilbert cell circuits；Four pairs of radio frequency input pipe metal-oxide-semiconductors:
M1 is connected with the grid end of M4, and M2 is connected with the grid end of M3, and M5 is connected with the grid end of M8, and M6 is connected with the grid end of M7；M1,M3,M5,
The drain terminal of M7 is connected, and the drain terminal of M2, M4, M6, M8 are connected；The source of M1 and M2 is connected to the drain terminal of switching tube M9, M3 and M4's
Source is connected to the drain terminal of switching tube M10, and the source of M5 and M6 are connected to the drain terminal of switching tube M11, and M7 is connected with the source of M8
To the drain terminal of switching tube M12；The source of switching tube M9 and M10 are connected to current source IDAC, and switching tube M9 is connected with the source of M10
To current source QDAC.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter, which is characterized in that the work of phase shifter
Content are as follows:
Differential signal inputs two coupling line input terminals of λ/4 respectively；The coupling line of λ/4 is that two unshielded transmission lines abut against one
Rise when, the interaction of each transmission line electromagnetic field and between transmission line generate power coupling；It is long in specific frequency and specific electricity
Under the value of degree, when input section is driven with signal source, the output signal of straight-through end and coupled end has 90 ° of phase differences；
LC mating structure is a kind of impedance matching structure, and the input impedance conversion of vector synthesizer is become the coupling line feature of λ/4
The conjugate impedance of impedance is to reduce the Insertion Loss that signal transmits；
Tetra- tunnel orthogonal signalling of vector synthesizer Shi Jiang synthesize the structure of phase, realize arbitrary phase within the scope of 360 °；
Phase shifter realizes 360 degree of phase shifts: when circuit works normally, control device M9 and M10, M11 and M12 are not simultaneously turned on；
Under the influence of control signals, transistor M1~M8 half works, the other half is in an off state, is realized with this to composite signal
Polarity selection；When switch IS conducting, then switch ISB is centainly not turned on, M1 and M2 shutdown in the I access of the left side, I signal warp
Output end is flowed to by M3 and M4；When the switch QS conducting in the right Q channel at this time, then switch QSB is centainly not turned on, Q signal
Output end is flowed to via M5 and M6；Due to the input signal of IS, ISB and QS, QSB be it is differential, then I+ and Q+ signal distinguish
Output signal (I++Q+) is arrived what output end was added with M6 by M2, I- and Q- signal passes through M1 and M5 in output end phase respectively
Add to output signal (I-+Q-), 180 ° of the two phase phase difference, output end difference output, obtained signal phase is located at the
One quadrant；(I+, I-) and (Q+, Q-) is freely combined by the on state of control switch IS, ISB, QS and QSB, obtains four
The phase of the different working condition of kind, corresponding output signal is located at four different quadrants, is achieved in 360 ° of phase
Variation；
Vector compounding phase shifter synthesis phase: wherein IDACFor the road I tail current size, QDACFor the road Q tail current size；When radio frequency is defeated
Enter pipe M1~M8 work in saturation region, electric current meets following formula: VinFor input voltage；gmIt is the mutual conductance of radio frequency input pipe；
Iout=gm*Vin
When radio frequency input pipe M1~M8 size is identical:
By change I, Q two-way size of current realize 90 ° of range phase shifts, after above-mentioned determining quadrant determine 90 ° in phase shift it is big
It is small.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 a kind of based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter, which is characterized in that coupling line spacing
For 2um, the peripheral a length of 142um of coupling line, width 36um.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 a kind of based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter, which is characterized in that emulated in ADS
It is emulated in device, coupling line characteristic impedance is 50 Ω.
A kind of be based on CMOS technology W-waveband phase shifter 5. according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that coupling line every
Load resistance R from end PORT4 is 50 Ω.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112350689A (en) * | 2020-10-31 | 2021-02-09 | 拓维电子科技(上海)有限公司 | Ultra-wideband digital control phase shifting device and phase control method |
| US11183973B1 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2021-11-23 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Method and circuit for power consumption reduction in active phase shifters |
| WO2023116291A1 (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-06-29 | 深圳飞骧科技股份有限公司 | Vector synthesis structure for phase shifter |
-
2018
- 2018-11-14 CN CN201811353221.1A patent/CN109585983A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11183973B1 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2021-11-23 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Method and circuit for power consumption reduction in active phase shifters |
| CN112350689A (en) * | 2020-10-31 | 2021-02-09 | 拓维电子科技(上海)有限公司 | Ultra-wideband digital control phase shifting device and phase control method |
| WO2023116291A1 (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-06-29 | 深圳飞骧科技股份有限公司 | Vector synthesis structure for phase shifter |
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