CN109555240B - Partially prestressed assembled shear wall structure - Google Patents
Partially prestressed assembled shear wall structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109555240B CN109555240B CN201910018026.1A CN201910018026A CN109555240B CN 109555240 B CN109555240 B CN 109555240B CN 201910018026 A CN201910018026 A CN 201910018026A CN 109555240 B CN109555240 B CN 109555240B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
- E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/10—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
- E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
- E04C5/162—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements
- E04C5/163—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements the reinforcements running in one single direction
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
- E04G21/122—Machines for joining reinforcing bars
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a part of prestress assembly type shear wall structure which comprises a part of prestress shear wall, a clamping piece flat pusher and a prefabricated floor plate. The partial prestressed shear wall comprises non-prestressed tendons, steel pipes, prestressed tendons, an anchoring length-continuing device and anchor tendons. The prestress rib adopts a bonding prestress steel strand, and double rows of continuous and straight curve mixed ropes are adopted. The anchoring continuous device is placed inside the wall body and is close to the splicing joint between the wallboards, and the anchoring continuous device comprises a transverse stress plate, a vertical stress plate, a blocking plate, a groove-shaped bottom baffle and an anchor. The clamping piece flat push is used for adjusting the height difference between clamping pieces in the anchor of the anchor length continuing device. The precast floor plank is placed on the protruding part of the inner side of a part of the prestress shear wall. The splice joint of the assembled shear wall structure has enough continuity, and a new way is created for popularizing part of the prestress assembled shear wall structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building structure engineering, in particular to a partially prestressed assembled shear wall structure.
Background
Prefabricated building was first started in western europe and later home industrialization was started to expand to countries such as the united states, canada, japan, etc.
The areas in the United states are large, diversified development is carried out, and the prestress prefabricated part is widely applied. The standardization, specialization and socialization degree of the residential components are very high and almost reach 100 percent; the German fabricated house mainly adopts a superimposed sheet, concrete and shear wall structure system, adopts a component fabricated and concrete structure, and has good durability; the concept of fabricated houses was proposed in 1968 in japan, and the quality of precast concrete structures was ensured by legislation, and the powerful support of governments solved the contradiction between standardization, mass production and house diversification.
The assembled building in China is newly rising in recent years, and people and technology are very deficient. At present, multi-story high-rise residential buildings in China still adopt cast-in-place concrete shear wall structures, and the structure system has the defects of low industrialized production degree, complex site construction conditions and the like, so the assembled shear wall system becomes a research and development focus of integrated enterprises integrating real estate, engineering design, prefabricated member production and construction in recent years.
The evaluation grades of the assembled building in China are classified into A grade, AA grade and AAA grade. When the assembly rate is 60% -75%, the building is evaluated as a class A assembly building; when the assembly rate is 76% -90%, the AA-level assembly type building is evaluated; when the assembly rate was 91% or more, the AAA-level assembly type building was evaluated. The higher the assembly rate is, the higher the grade is, the more energy-saving and environment-friendly is realized, and the more time and labor are saved. In an assembled shear wall system, the connection design is very important because the bending moment at the storey is the largest and is the most proper position for horizontal splicing of the upper shear wall and the lower shear wall. If the fully assembled cast-in-place concrete-free operation is to be realized, a prestress structure is adopted, and the prestress assembled shear wall structure can effectively solve the problem of crack common problems of prefabricated and cast-in-place concrete interfaces commonly existing in an assembled building.
The vertical connection of the assembled shear wall mainly comprises two modes of steel sleeve grouting connection and slurry anchor lap joint connection. The steel sleeve is connected in a grouting way, so that the cost is high and the quality inspection is difficult. The lap joint length of the reinforcing steel bars connected by the slurry anchors is longer, and the installation and the operation are not easy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a splicing method of a partially prestressed assembled shear wall with quick construction and reliable quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the continuity of a part of prestress assembled shear wall is difficult to guarantee after lap joint, and provides a part of prestress assembled shear wall structure. The double-row continuous cable distribution structure ensures the continuity and the integrity of the assembled shear wall between layers and between walls, and strengthens weak links of structural connection. The exposed steel stranded wires of the first layer of shear wallboard extend into the anchorage device of the foundation for fixation, and the exposed steel stranded wires are tensioned and fixed in the anchorage device at the upper end of the anchorage continuous length device of the shear wallboard; the exposed steel strands of the second layer of shear wall plates are fixed in the anchor at the lower end of the anchor extender of the first layer of shear wall plates, the exposed steel strands are tensioned and fixed in the anchor at the upper end of the anchor extender of the anchor layer of the shear wall plates, and the rest layers of shear wall plates are similar. The invention ensures the continuity and the integrity of the assembled shear wall between layers and among walls, can meet the requirement of rapid industrialization, and creates a new way for popularizing and applying partial prestress assembled shear wall structures.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a partially prestressed assembled shear wall structure comprises a partially prestressed shear wall, an auxiliary tool clamping piece flat pusher and a prefabricated floor plate;
the part of the prestress shear wall comprises non-prestress ribs, pre-embedded steel pipes, prestress ribs, an anchoring length-continuing device and anchor ribs; the non-prestressed tendons are embedded in steel joints at the positions of the upper and lower shear wall joints and are connected through welded steel joints; the prestress rib is arranged in the pre-buried steel pipe, is a bonded prestress steel strand, and adopts double-row continuous and straight curve mixed ropes;
the anchoring length-increasing device is arranged in the shear wall plate and is close to the joint of the adjacent shear wall plate, and the prestressed tendons in the upper layer of shear wall plate and the lower layer of shear wall plate are connected to achieve the effect of anchoring layer by layer and plate by plate; the anchoring length-continuing device comprises a transverse stress plate, a vertical stress plate, a blocking piece, a groove-shaped bottom baffle and an anchor; the anchors are welded on two parallel transverse stress plates of the anchor length continuing device respectively, the anchors for anchoring the prestressed tendons of the lower shear wall are upper end anchors, and the upper end anchors are arranged on the upper stress plates of the transverse stress plates; the anchor used for anchoring the prestressed tendons of the upper shear wall is a lower anchor, the lower anchor is arranged on a lower stress plate of the transverse stress plate, and a vertical stress plate is connected between the two parallel transverse stress plates; the blocking sheets are vertically welded on the thin steel plates at two sides of the anchoring length-increasing device, and holes are formed in the wall surface and used for field installation operation (the blocking sheets are not needed on the surface close to the outer side of the outer wall, so that leakage of the holes is prevented); the anchor bars are welded on the outer side of the anchor length-extending device;
the prefabricated floor plate is placed on the protruding part of the inner side of the partial prestress shear wall, is connected with the partial prestress shear wall through welding and bolts, and is filled with structural adhesive in a connecting gap in a pressing mode; the clamping piece flat pusher clamping piece is arranged below the anchorage device of the anchorage continuous device and is used for adjusting the height difference between the clamping pieces in the anchorage device, particularly the clamping pieces of the anchorage device at the lower end in the anchorage continuous device, the space is smaller, and enough working surface can not be provided when the height between the clamping pieces is adjusted, so that the construction requirement can not be met.
Preferably, each layer of the fixed continuous length device is formed by welding steel plates, and the transverse stress plate is thicker than the groove-shaped bottom baffle plate.
Preferably, the prestress rib adopts a single prestress steel strand, so that the prestress rib is convenient to put through in a steel pipe.
Preferably, the barrier sheet is a 0.3mm steel sheet
The beneficial effects are that: the prestress steel strands are adopted in the partial prestress assembled shear wall, and the prestress steel strands are arranged in double rows continuously, so that the continuity and the integrity of the assembled shear wall between layers are ensured, and the weak links of structural connection are reinforced. The prestressed steel strand is flexible in cable arrangement, and the vertical steel strand is mixed with the cable arrangement by a straight curve. Because the cross section area of the wall between the windows is suddenly reduced, the wall body is likely to be in a shearing stress state after being subjected to earthquake action, cross cracks are easy to occur, and the prestress rib adopts a curve cross cable arrangement mode to make up for the defect of the shearing resistance of steel. And embedding an anchoring continuous length device in a part of the prestress assembly type shear wall, and effectively connecting the steel strands in the adjacent shear wall when the anchoring continuous length device stretches and fixes the prestress steel strands. The exposed steel strands of the first layer shear wall are stretched and fixed in an anchorage device at the upper end of the wallboard anchoring continuous extender and protected by a groove-shaped bottom baffle; the exposed steel strands of the second layer shear wall extend into the anchor at the lower end of the anchor extender of the first layer shear wall plate to be fixed, and are protected by the groove-shaped bottom baffle plate. After the steel strand is stretched and fixed in the anchoring continuous device, the steel strand is matched with the filling of high-strength grouting material, so that the strength and the effect of connection can be fully ensured. The invention can effectively solve the common problem of cracks of prefabricated and cast-in-place concrete interfaces commonly existing in the assembled building.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shear wall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a shear wall with an anchor extender in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an anchor extender of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a cross junction of a wall;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of a prefabricated floor panel of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a clip level pusher;
fig. 9 is a diagram showing the action of the clip flat pusher.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1-9, a partially prestressed assembled shear wall structure includes a bonded partially prestressed shear wall 11, a clip flat pusher 12, and a precast floor slab 13. The part of the prestressed shear wall 11 comprises non-prestressed tendons 7, pre-embedded steel pipes 8, prestressed tendons 9, anchoring length extenders 10 and anchor tendons 4.
And the non-prestressed tendons 7 are embedded with steel joints at the upper and lower joint positions and are connected through welded steel joints. And a grouting nozzle and an air outlet nozzle are welded on the embedded steel pipe 8. The prestress rib 9 is a steel strand, double rows of continuous ropes ensure the integrity of the shear wall between layers, the vertical steel strand straight curve mixed ropes resist oblique tensile stress, and the horizontal steel strand straight curve mixed ropes ensure the reduction of local compressive stress. The anchoring length-continuing device 10 is arranged in the shear wall plate 11 and is close to the joint of the adjacent prestress shear wall, and the prestress ribs 9 in the two shear wall plates are connected to achieve the effect of anchoring layer by layer. The anchoring length-continuing device 10 comprises a transverse stress plate 2, a vertical stress plate 1, a blocking piece 5, a groove-shaped bottom baffle 3 and an anchor 6. The anchor 6 is welded on the transverse stress plate 2 of the anchor spreader and is welded on an upper stress plate and a lower stress plate respectively, which are called an upper end anchor and a lower end anchor. The separation sheets are welded on the two sides of the anchor length-increasing device and are made of thin steel plates with the thickness of 0.3mm, and holes are formed in the wall surface and used for field installation operation (one surface close to the outer side of the outer wall is not required to be provided with the separation sheets, so that leakage of the holes is prevented). The anchor bar 4 is welded on the outer side of the anchor length-increasing device 10.
The clamping piece flat pusher clamping pieces 12 are used for adjusting the height difference between clamping pieces in the anchoring continuous length device anchorage 6, the clamping ports are used for clamping the steel strands firstly, then the pushing handles are pressed, the clamping pieces which are not parallel and level are pushed flat, the steel strands are prevented from being bitten by the clamping pieces due to different tightness, and the steel strands are not bitten by the clamping pieces.
The anchoring length-increasing device 10 is formed by welding steel plates, and the transverse stress plate is thicker than the groove-shaped bottom baffle plate 3. The prestress rib 9 adopts a single prestress steel strand, so that the prestress rib is convenient to put through a steel pipe.
In the assembling process of a part of prestress assembled shear wall structure, an anchoring length-continuing device is placed at a joint of a shear wall plate, and the installation steps are as follows:
(1) Embedding a steel pipe and an anchor length-increasing device in the plate, welding an elongated pipe (with a plug) perpendicular to the steel pipe at the position close to the end head of the steel pipe as a grouting nozzle, and welding an elongated pipe at the upper end of the steel pipe as an air outlet nozzle;
(2) Penetrating a steel strand into the steel pipe, penetrating the exposed steel strand of the first layer of shear wallboard into an anchor of a foundation, fixing the steel strand by using a clamping piece flat pusher, and tensioning and fixing the exposed steel strand in the upper anchor of the wallboard anchor extender;
(4) The exposed steel strands of the second layer of shear wall plate are fixed in the anchor at the lower end of the anchor continuous length device of the first layer of shear wall plate, and the exposed steel strands are tensioned and fixed in the anchor at the upper end of the anchor continuous length device of the second layer of shear wall plate;
(5) Injecting cement paste into the steel pipe under medium pressure, cutting off a grouting nozzle after grouting solidification, and sealing a pipe orifice metal wound surface when the cutting hole is in an inverted cone shape;
(6) Properly welding the anchor continuous feeder and the groove-shaped bottom baffle connected with the anchor continuous feeder, and pouring high-strength grouting material into each layer of anchor continuous feeder;
(7) Welding pre-buried section steel joints at the joint positions of the upper layer and the lower layer of the non-prestressed tendons;
(8) The rest shear walls and so on;
the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a partly prestressing force assembled shear force wall structure which characterized in that: the device comprises a part of prestress shear wall, an auxiliary tool clamping piece flat pusher and a prefabricated floor plate;
the part of the prestress shear wall comprises non-prestress ribs, pre-embedded steel pipes, prestress ribs, an anchoring length-continuing device and anchor ribs; the non-prestressed tendons are embedded in steel joints at the positions of the upper and lower shear wall joints and are connected through welded steel joints; the prestress rib is arranged in the pre-buried steel pipe, is a bonded prestress steel strand, and adopts double-row continuous and straight curve mixed ropes;
the anchoring length-continuing device is arranged in the shear wall board and is close to the joint of the adjacent shear wall board, and the prestress tendons in the upper layer of shear wall board and the lower layer of shear wall board are connected; the anchoring length-continuing device comprises a transverse stress plate, a vertical stress plate, a blocking piece, a groove-shaped bottom baffle and an anchor; the anchors are welded on two parallel transverse stress plates of the anchor length continuing device respectively, the anchors for anchoring the prestressed tendons of the lower shear wall are upper end anchors, and the upper end anchors are arranged on the upper stress plates of the transverse stress plates; the anchor used for anchoring the prestressed tendons of the upper shear wall is a lower anchor, the lower anchor is arranged on a lower stress plate of the transverse stress plate, and a vertical stress plate is connected between the two parallel transverse stress plates; the blocking sheets are vertically welded on two sides of the anchoring length-increasing device, and holes are formed in the wall surface; the anchor bars are welded on the outer side of the anchor length-extending device;
the prefabricated floor plate is placed on the protruding part of the inner side of the partial prestress shear wall, is connected with the partial prestress shear wall through welding and bolts, and is filled with structural adhesive in a connecting gap in a pressing mode; the clamping piece of the clamping piece flat pusher is arranged below an anchor of the anchor length continuing device;
each layer of anchoring length continuing device is formed by welding steel plates, and the thickness of the transverse stress plate is larger than that of the groove-shaped bottom baffle plate;
the prestress rib adopts a single prestress steel strand.
2. A partially prestressed fabricated shear wall structure according to claim 1, wherein: the blocking piece is a 0.3mm steel sheet.
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CN201910018026.1A CN109555240B (en) | 2019-01-09 | 2019-01-09 | Partially prestressed assembled shear wall structure |
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CN109555240B true CN109555240B (en) | 2023-11-24 |
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CN110107093B (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2023-11-21 | 南京工业大学 | Prestress prefabricated assembly type structure and threading steel strand combined device |
CN113469516A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-01 | 筑友智造建设科技集团有限公司 | BIM-based assembly rate calculation method, device, equipment and storage medium |
CN114753668B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-06-06 | 江苏海洋大学 | Construction method of unbonded prestressed steel wire rope reinforced brick masonry wall |
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CN102926483A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-02-13 | 南京工业大学 | Self-recovery, energy-consumption and easy-repair mixed assembly type concrete shear wall |
CN204311614U (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-05-06 | 中南大学 | The fabricated shear wall of prestressing force splicing |
CN104594523A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-05-06 | 中南大学 | Prestress splicing method for fabricated shear wall |
CN108343174A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-07-31 | 天津大学建筑设计研究院 | Fabricated shear wall dry and wet mixed connection method |
WO2018196151A1 (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-01 | 东南大学 | Prefabricated cavity-type perpend forming concrete shear wall |
CN209443621U (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-09-27 | 南京工业大学 | Partially prestressed fabricated shear wall structure |
-
2019
- 2019-01-09 CN CN201910018026.1A patent/CN109555240B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102926483A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-02-13 | 南京工业大学 | Self-recovery, energy-consumption and easy-repair mixed assembly type concrete shear wall |
CN204311614U (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-05-06 | 中南大学 | The fabricated shear wall of prestressing force splicing |
CN104594523A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-05-06 | 中南大学 | Prestress splicing method for fabricated shear wall |
WO2018196151A1 (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-01 | 东南大学 | Prefabricated cavity-type perpend forming concrete shear wall |
CN108343174A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-07-31 | 天津大学建筑设计研究院 | Fabricated shear wall dry and wet mixed connection method |
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