CN109538454B - Plunger suitable for horizontal well - Google Patents
Plunger suitable for horizontal well Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109538454B CN109538454B CN201910065854.0A CN201910065854A CN109538454B CN 109538454 B CN109538454 B CN 109538454B CN 201910065854 A CN201910065854 A CN 201910065854A CN 109538454 B CN109538454 B CN 109538454B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- plunger
- short section
- gas
- horizontal well
- helical blade
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B47/00—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps
- F04B47/12—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps having free plunger lifting the fluid to the surface
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a plunger suitable for a horizontal well, which comprises a plurality of single plunger unit bodies and a fishing head, wherein each single plunger unit body comprises a gas guide device, a turning device and a spiral system. The gas guiding device is a plunger cylinder with a gas guiding groove; the direction changing device comprises a thick short section, a thin short section and a universal joint; the screw system comprises a screw blade, a fixed ring and a bearing. The plunger cylinder, the thick short section, the thin short section and the universal joint are sequentially connected from bottom to top, the helical blades are symmetrically distributed around the fixed ring, and the bearing is embedded in the fixed ring and sleeved on the thin short section. The invention provides a new idea for changing the generation mode of the sealing turbulence of the plunger, which can reduce the influence of the structural change on the sealing performance of the plunger and ensure the sealing performance of the plunger when the plunger passes through a bent well section; stronger turbulence is generated by utilizing the helical blades, so that the sealing property of the plunger in the operation process is effectively ensured; the invention is suitable for horizontal wells with complex bending conditions and can effectively ensure the sealing property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a plunger used in a plunger lifting process of an oil-gas well of an oil-gas field, and particularly relates to a plunger suitable for a plunger of a horizontal well to lift liquid.
Background
The plunger liquid lifting is characterized in that the plunger serves as a solid sealing interface, and lifted liquid and gas are isolated, so that gas channeling and liquid falling are reduced, and the liquid lifting efficiency of the oil-gas well can be effectively improved. The existing plunger liquid lifting process is less applied to a horizontal well, and on one hand, the application of the existing plunger in the horizontal well is limited because the longitudinal structure of most plungers cannot be bent and folded and cannot pass through a bent well section of the horizontal well; on the other hand, the effect of enhancing the turbulent flow in the operation process of the plunger is an important factor for improving the sealing performance, the existing plungers all utilize a fixed surface structure to enable gas to flow through the surface of the plunger to generate turbulent flow, so that the turbulent flow sealing effect is improved and ensured.
There is currently some research on horizontal well plugs. In 2011, boy sign et al have developed the novel plunger that is applicable to the directional well of big inclination, and this plunger utilizes flexible material, a plurality of plunger unit bodies of series connection, and flexible assembly is crooked when the plunger passes through crooked well section, makes plunger unit body take place relative displacement to through crooked well section, nevertheless this plunger because the displacement of plunger unit body, the whole surface structure of its plunger changes greatly, and is more weak at the sealed effect of crooked well section. In 2013, swallow welcome flying and the like developed a sealed water drainage and gas production plunger of a natural gas horizontal well, the plunger is connected with a single plunger body through a stud bolt, so that the plunger can be bent to pass through a bent well section of the horizontal well, but the plunger is too small in bending degree in the direction parallel to the stud bolt, and is difficult to adapt to complex and variable bent well sections of the horizontal well. In 2017, Liu Yonghui et al developed a variable-diameter ball plug for a directional well and a horizontal well, the ball plug utilized a specific structure to change the diameter so that the ball plug can pass through a bent well section of the horizontal well and the directional well, but the ball plug and an oil pipe are in line contact, and the sealing section is too short, so the sealing property needs to be improved.
The invention can improve the adaptability and the liquid lifting effect of the plunger piston in the horizontal well from the following aspects:
(1) considering that a horizontal well shaft can be bent in a non-single plane, the universal joint is used for connecting the single plunger unit body, so that the plunger can be bent in multiple angles and multiple directions, well sections with different bending angles and bending directions can be smoothly passed, and the adaptability of the plunger to the complicated bent well sections is improved.
(2) The existing plunger all depends on a specific plunger surface structure to enable gas to generate turbulent flow on the surface of the plunger, so that the sealing performance is improved and guaranteed, when the surface structure is changed, the sealing performance of the plunger is greatly influenced.
(3) By means of propeller wind tunnel experimental research, the helical blade is installed on a single plunger unit body, and shaft gas is utilized to push the helical blade to rotate, so that stronger turbulence is generated around the helical blade and on the upper portion of the helical blade, and the sealing performance of the plunger in the shaft operation process can be effectively guaranteed.
(4) The invention is a series structure of a plurality of unit bodies, the number of the unit bodies can be N theoretically, and the sealing action section can be ensured to be sufficient on the premise of ensuring that the plunger smoothly passes through a highly-inclined well section, thereby effectively reducing the leakage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a plunger suitable for a horizontal well, which can reduce the weakening degree of the sealing property caused by structural change when the plunger passes through a bent well section by changing the turbulence generation mechanism through well sections with different bending angles and bending directions, and generate stronger turbulence by utilizing helical blades by taking the aid of propeller wind tunnel experimental research, thereby ensuring the sealing property of the plunger in the operation process of a shaft.
The invention is realized in such a way that the fishing device comprises a plurality of single plunger unit bodies and a fishing head, wherein each single plunger unit body comprises a gas guide device, a direction changing device and a screw system.
The gas guiding device is a plunger cylinder body engraved with a plurality of gas guiding grooves, and the plunger cylinder body can ensure that the helical blades do not directly contact with the wall of the oil pipe in the up-down process of the plunger and has the function of gas guiding.
The turning device is composed of two connecting short sections and a universal joint, and sequentially comprises a thick short section, a thin short section and the universal joint from bottom to top.
The spiral system comprises helical blade, solid fixed ring, bearing, and helical blade is connected with solid fixed ring, is the symmetric distribution around the solid fixed ring, and the bearing is inlayed in the solid fixed ring.
In a single plunger unit body, a plunger cylinder with a diversion trench is connected with a thick short section, the thick short section is connected with a thin short section, the thin short section is connected with the lower end of a universal joint, the upper end of the universal joint is connected with the next plunger unit body, and a helical blade is sleeved on the thin short section through a bearing.
The plurality of single plunger unit bodies are sequentially connected in series, and the fishing head is connected with the last single plunger unit body from bottom to top to form the complete plunger.
The plunger suitable for the horizontal well comprises a plurality of single plunger unit bodies, and can be bent in multiple directions at multiple angles by utilizing a universal joint through a direction changing device, so that the plunger can smoothly pass through bent well sections under different conditions, the contact of helical blades and an oil pipe wall is avoided through a plunger cylinder, the gas at the lower part of the plunger is guided by a guide groove on the plunger cylinder, the gas at the lower part of the plunger is prevented from directly impacting the helical blades to prevent the helical blades from rotating, the helical blades rotate rapidly under the action of gas, stronger turbulence is generated around and on the helical blades, the gaps between the helical blades and the oil pipe at the periphery and the upper part are sealed, the sealing performance of the plunger in the operation process can be effectively ensured, the liquid falling back is reduced, the sealing mode is less influenced by the surface structure change of the plunger, and the sealing performance of the plunger in the.
The invention can be suitable for well sections bent at different angles and directions, changes the turbulence generation mechanism for improving the sealing performance of the plunger, ensures that the influence of the surface structure change of the plunger on the liquid lifting sealing performance of the plunger is small, can ensure the sealing performance of the plunger when passing through the bent well sections, and provides the effect of generating turbulence through the helical blades by using the wind tunnel research of a propeller, thereby ensuring the strong sealing performance of the plunger in the operation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a plunger suitable for use in a horizontal well according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a deflector suitable for use with a horizontal well plunger of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a screw system of a plunger suitable for use in a horizontal well according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a deflector for a horizontal well plunger of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a single plunger unit of the plunger of the present invention adapted for use in a horizontal well.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, fig. 1 is a schematic view of an overall structure of a plunger suitable for a horizontal well according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a single plunger unit of the present invention adapted for use with a horizontal well plunger; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a deflector suitable for use with a horizontal well plunger of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a screw system of a plunger suitable for use in a horizontal well according to the present invention; fig. 5 is a schematic view of a flow guide device of a plunger suitable for a horizontal well.
The plunger applicable to the horizontal well comprises a plurality of single plunger unit bodies and a fishing neck, wherein each single plunger unit body comprises a gas flow guide device, a direction changing device and a screw system. When the plunger starts to operate, gas at the lower part of the plunger reaches a spiral blade 3-3 through a flow guide groove 4-2 on a plunger cylinder 4-1, the spiral blade 3-3 is symmetrically distributed on a fixing ring 3-2, a bearing 3-1 is embedded in the fixing ring 3-2, the bearing 3-1 is sleeved on a thin short section 2-2, the spiral blade 3-3 can rapidly rotate around the thin short section 2-2, strong turbulence is generated around and at the upper part of the spiral blade 3-3, and a gap between the plunger and an oil pipe is sealed, wherein the plunger cylinder 4-1 is connected with the thick short section 2-3, the thin short section is connected with the lower end of a universal joint 2-1, the upper end of the universal joint 2-1 is connected with the plunger cylinder of the next plunger unit body, when the plunger passes through a bent well section, the upper and lower connected single plunger unit bodies can generate position deviation through the universal joint 2-1, the whole plunger piston is bent in multiple directions and angles, so that the plunger piston can smoothly pass through a bent well section, after a plurality of single plunger piston unit bodies are connected in series, the upper end of a universal joint 2-1 in the uppermost plunger piston unit body is connected with a fishing head 1, and the plunger piston can be captured after the plunger piston reaches the ground. The sealing of the plunger is mainly ensured by stronger turbulent flow generated by the rotation of the helical blade, so that the sealing change of the plunger is smaller when the plunger passes through a bent well section, and the liquid leakage can be effectively reduced.
Compared with the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the existing plunger ensures and improves the tightness of the plunger by means of turbulent flow generated by gas flowing through the surface of the plunger, the problem that the tightness of the existing horizontal well plunger is reduced due to structural change when the existing horizontal well plunger passes through a bent well section is considered, a new thought for changing a turbulent flow generation mechanism is provided, the influence of the structural change on the tightness of the plunger is reduced, the tightness of the plunger when the plunger passes through the bent well section is ensured, and the horizontal well plunger is more suitable for a horizontal well.
(2) By means of propeller wind tunnel experimental study, utilize helical blade rotatory production stronger turbulent flow, compare and rely on surface structure to produce the turbulent flow, improvement leakproofness that can be better.
(3) Compared with the existing plunger for a horizontal well, the plunger has the advantages that the plunger has good adaptability to well sections with complex bending conditions, and the plunger also has good sealing performance in the operation process.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The plunger suitable for the horizontal well is characterized by being formed by connecting a plurality of single plunger unit bodies in series, wherein each single plunger unit body comprises a gas guide device, a turning device and a spiral system; wherein, the gas guiding device is a plunger cylinder with a gas guiding groove; the direction changing device comprises a thick short section, a thin short section and a universal joint; the spiral system comprises spiral blades, a fixed ring and a bearing; the plunger cylinder is connected with a thick short section, the thick short section is connected with a thin short section, the thin short section is connected with a universal joint, the helical blades are symmetrically distributed around the fixed ring, and the bearing is embedded in the fixed ring and sleeved on the thin short section; the plunger cylinder body prevents the helical blade from contacting the wall of the oil pipe, and the guide groove on the plunger cylinder body guides the gas at the lower part of the plunger so that the gas at the lower part of the plunger is prevented from directly impacting the helical blade to prevent the helical blade from rotating, and the helical blade is enabled to rotate rapidly under the action of the gas, so that strong turbulence is generated around the helical blade and at the upper part of the helical blade, and gaps between the upper part of the helical blade and the oil pipe are sealed.
2. The plunger suitable for the horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein the influence of structural change on the sealing performance of the plunger can be reduced, the sealing performance of the plunger when passing through a bent well section is ensured, and the plunger is more suitable for the horizontal well.
3. The plunger suitable for the horizontal well is characterized in that stronger turbulent flow can be generated by the helical blades, so that the sealing performance of the plunger in the operation process is effectively ensured.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910065854.0A CN109538454B (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Plunger suitable for horizontal well |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910065854.0A CN109538454B (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Plunger suitable for horizontal well |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109538454A CN109538454A (en) | 2019-03-29 |
| CN109538454B true CN109538454B (en) | 2020-08-07 |
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ID=65838530
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910065854.0A Expired - Fee Related CN109538454B (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Plunger suitable for horizontal well |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109538454B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112814614B (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-04-05 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司 | Directional plugging device for stabilizing deep well wall |
| CN113236190B (en) * | 2021-06-19 | 2022-03-25 | 西南石油大学 | Diameter-variable plunger of drainage gas production intelligence |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6200103B1 (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2001-03-13 | Robert E. Bender | Gas lift plunger having grooves with increased lift |
| CN101440797A (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2009-05-27 | 新乡市乔山机械设备有限公司 | Multi-joint centering self-rotating oil well pump |
| CN202531390U (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-11-14 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Gas Well Drainage Gas Production Plunger |
| CN203114252U (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2013-08-07 | 延长油田股份有限公司 | Sealed type water drainage and gas production plunger for natural gas horizontal well |
| CN106837191A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-13 | 四川安捷油气技术服务有限公司 | Oil pipe plunger |
-
2019
- 2019-01-23 CN CN201910065854.0A patent/CN109538454B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6200103B1 (en) * | 1999-02-05 | 2001-03-13 | Robert E. Bender | Gas lift plunger having grooves with increased lift |
| CN101440797A (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2009-05-27 | 新乡市乔山机械设备有限公司 | Multi-joint centering self-rotating oil well pump |
| CN202531390U (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-11-14 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Gas Well Drainage Gas Production Plunger |
| CN203114252U (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2013-08-07 | 延长油田股份有限公司 | Sealed type water drainage and gas production plunger for natural gas horizontal well |
| CN106837191A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-13 | 四川安捷油气技术服务有限公司 | Oil pipe plunger |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109538454A (en) | 2019-03-29 |
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Granted publication date: 20200807 Termination date: 20210123 |