CN109536251B - 润滑油组合物及其制备方法和用该组合物制备微量润滑油 - Google Patents
润滑油组合物及其制备方法和用该组合物制备微量润滑油 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G63/668—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/676—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds in which at least one of the two components contains aliphatic unsaturation
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/102—Polyesters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种润滑油组合物，其特征在于：由包括葡萄糖、二元羧酸制备而成；其中，葡萄糖：二元羧酸的摩尔比为1:2‑3。采用本发明制备的润滑油组合物,具有比较大的分子量，其润滑性、极压抗磨性、防锈性、生物可降解性好，可全部或部分取代传统的含氯、硫、磷的极压抗磨剂使用于微量润滑油中，少量的微量润滑油就能满足金属加工的润滑冷却、极压抗磨和防锈要求；配合微量润滑装置使用，可节省切削液的使用量95％以上，节能减排、环境保护效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑技术领域，具体地，涉及一种润滑油组合物及其制备方法和用该组合物制备微量润滑油。
背景技术
传统的金属切削加工采用矿物油或植物油或切削液进行大量冲淋式润滑，润滑剂的使用量大，不仅浪费资源，造成加工场所和环境的巨大污染，同时还会严重影响操作工人的身体健康。
为解决这些问题，近期对微量润滑技术的研究取得一定的进展，微量润滑技术解决了以上润滑剂使用量大，污染严重等问题，但对微量润滑剂的研究，但在应用方面还存在一定的问题，主要是润滑和冷却问题不能很好的解决。
对微量润滑油的研究是一项有趣的挑战。
发明内容
鉴于以上缺陷，本发明旨在克服现有技术的不足，提供一种润滑油组合物及其制备方法和用该组合物制备微量润滑油。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的一种润滑油组合物，其特征在于,由包括葡萄糖、二元羧酸制备而成，
其中，上述葡萄糖、二元羧酸的摩尔比为1:2-3；最佳摩尔比为2:5。
上述二元羧酸选自富马酸及其衍生物、马来酸及其衍生物、琥珀酸及其衍生物、己二酸及其衍生物、辛二酸及其衍生物、癸二酸及其衍生物中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了上述润滑油组合物的制备方法：按比例称取葡萄糖、二元羧酸分别加入反应釜中，搅拌加热至180-240℃，充分反应6-12小时，减压排出水分，即为一种润滑油组合物。
进一步地，在本发明提供的上述聚蔗糖脂肪酸酯的制备方法中：为了提高反应速度，在反应物中还可加入催化剂加速反应；
该催化剂选自质子酸、离子交换树脂、分子筛中的一种；
该催化剂优选自磷酸；当催化剂选用磷酸时，其有效成分占反应物总重量的0.5-1％。当催化剂选用磷酸时还有一个好处，磷酸可以和葡萄糖发生反应生成葡萄糖磷酸酯，葡萄糖磷酸酯具有比较好的极压抗磨性，同时催化剂无需分离，降低生产成本。
另外，本发明还提供了一种含上述润滑油组合物的微量润滑油，其特征在于，由以下重量百分比的组分制造而成：
上述的脂肪醇磷酸酯选自饱和或不饱和脂肪醇和磷酸或五氧化二磷反应生成的脂肪醇酯中的一种或几种；
上述玉米油选自市售玉米油(或玉米胚芽油)；
上述的脂肪醇磷酸酯优选自三月桂醇磷酸酯、亚磷酸三月桂醇酯、异构十三醇磷酸酯、油醇磷酸酯、三异辛醇磷酸酯中的一种或几种。
此外，本发明提供了上述润滑油组合物的微量润滑油的制备方法：将润滑油组合物、玉米油、己二酸二异辛酯、脂肪醇磷酸酯在40～60℃温度下混合搅拌至透明时即可。
发明的作用与效果
采用本发明制备的润滑油组合物,具有比较大的分子量，其润滑性、极压抗磨性、防锈性、生物可降解性好，可全部或部分取代传统的含氯、硫、磷的极压抗磨剂使用于微量润滑油中，少量的微量润滑油就能满足金属加工的润滑冷却、极压抗磨和防锈要求；配合微量润滑装置使用，可节省切削液的使用量95％以上，节能减排、环境保护效果显著。
在本发明中，玉米油具有良好的润滑性和生物可降解性。
在本发明中，己二酸二异辛酯提供良好的润滑性，生物降解性好，同时较低的运动粘度可有效降低微量润滑油的运动粘度，方便使用于微量润滑装置中。
在本发明中，脂肪醇磷酸酯，具有良好的润滑性和极压抗磨性，可部分取代含硫、含氯的极压抗磨剂。
在本发明的配方中，上述各组分混合后，基于其各自的结构特点，可发生分子间弱键作用力，经相溶相促后，提高和激发彼此的润滑性、溶解性和极压抗磨性等性质。
具体实施方式
实施例一
称取180.16g(1mol)葡萄糖、232.14g(2mol)马来酸分别加入反应釜中，搅拌加热至240℃，充分反应12小时，减压排出水分，即为一种润滑油组合物(聚马来酸葡萄糖酯)。
称取上述制备的润滑油组合物300g、玉米油300g、己二酸二异辛酯300g、三月桂醇磷酸酯100g在40℃温度下混合搅拌至透明时即为一种微量润滑油。
实施例二
称取180.16g(1mol)葡萄糖、354.27g(3mol)琥珀酸分别加入反应釜中，5g稀硫酸(浓度10％)搅拌加热至180℃，充分反应6小时，减压排出水分，即为一种润滑油组合物(聚琥珀酸葡萄糖酯)。
称取上述制备的润滑油组合物400g、玉米油350g、己二酸二异辛酯200g、亚磷酸三月桂醇酯50g在50℃左右温度下混合搅拌至透明时即为一种微量润滑油。
实施例三
称取360.32g(2mol)葡萄糖、730.7g(5mol)己二酸分别加入反应釜中，搅拌加热至210℃，20g磷酸(浓度50％)充分反应9小时，减压排出水分，即为一种润滑油组合物(聚己二酸葡萄糖酯)。
称取上述制备的润滑油组合物350g、玉米油320g、己二酸二异辛酯260g、异构十三醇磷酸酯70g在50℃温度左右下混合搅拌至透明时即为一种微量润滑油。
实施例四
称取360.32g(2mol)葡萄糖、860.9g(5mol)辛二酸分别加入反应釜中，搅拌加热至200℃，8g磷酸(浓度85％)充分反应10小时，减压排出水分，即为一种润滑油组合物(聚辛二酸葡萄糖酯)。
称取上述制备的润滑油组合物320g、玉米油380g、己二酸二异辛酯220g、油醇磷酸酯80g在50℃温度下混合搅拌至透明时即为一种微量润滑油。
实施例五
称取360.32g(2mol)葡萄糖、1011.25g(5mol)癸二酸分别加入反应釜中，搅拌加热至220℃，12g磷酸(浓度85％)充分反应8小时，减压排出水分，即为一种润滑油组合物(聚癸二酸葡萄糖酯)。
称取上述制备的润滑油组合物330g、玉米油330g、己二酸二异辛酯250g、三异辛醇磷酸酯90g在50℃温度左右下混合搅拌至透明时即为一种微量润滑油。
将上述实施例五制备微量润滑油应用于应用于齿轮滚齿加工，滚齿机型号：YK3132；加工齿轮：直径100mm，模数2.0mm；滚刀：TiN涂层，直径75mm，长度70mm。原来用46#机械油进行循环润滑冷却，现在改为KS-2107微量润滑装置(3喷嘴，所有喷嘴为上海金兆节能科技有限公司生产的节能喷嘴)和上述制备的微量润滑油，结果如下表：
Claims (8)
1.一种微量润滑油，其特征在于，由以下重量百分比的组分制造而成：
所述的润滑油组合物：由包括葡萄糖、二元羧酸制备而成；
其中，葡萄糖：二元羧酸的摩尔比为1:2-3；
所述的润滑油组合物的制备方法：
按比例称取葡萄糖、二元羧酸分别加入反应釜中，搅拌加热至180-240℃，充分反应6-12小时，减压排出水分，即为一种润滑油组合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种微量润滑油，其特征在于：
所述葡萄糖：二元羧酸的摩尔比为2:5。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种微量润滑油，其特征在于：
所述二元羧酸选自富马酸及其衍生物、马来酸及其衍生物、琥珀酸及其衍生物、己二酸及其衍生物、辛二酸及其衍生物、癸二酸及其衍生物中的一种或几种。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种微量润滑油，其特征在于：
所述的制备方法反应物中还加入催化剂加速反应；
其中，所述催化剂选自质子酸、离子交换树脂、分子筛中的一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种微量润滑油，其特征在于：
所述玉米油选自市售玉米油或玉米胚芽油。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种微量润滑油，其特征在于：
所述脂肪醇磷酸酯选自饱和或不饱和脂肪醇和磷酸或五氧化二磷反应生成的脂肪醇酯中的一种或几种。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种微量润滑油，其特征在于：
所述脂肪醇磷酸酯选自三月桂醇磷酸酯、异构十三醇磷酸酯、油醇磷酸酯、三异辛醇磷酸酯中的一种或几种。
8.如权利要求1-7任一所述的一种微量润滑油的制备方法，其特征在于：
将润滑油组合物、玉米油、己二酸二异辛酯、脂肪醇磷酸酯在40～60℃温度下混合搅拌至透明时即可。
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