CN109526611B - Method for planting wild grass in shallow lake beach submerged plant of Tongjiang river - Google Patents

Method for planting wild grass in shallow lake beach submerged plant of Tongjiang river Download PDF

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CN109526611B
CN109526611B CN201811500338.8A CN201811500338A CN109526611B CN 109526611 B CN109526611 B CN 109526611B CN 201811500338 A CN201811500338 A CN 201811500338A CN 109526611 B CN109526611 B CN 109526611B
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planting
tape grass
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tape
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CN109526611A (en
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孟诗
徐文彬
朱文中
周立志
周忠泽
袁素强
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Anhui University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting submerged plants of tape grass in tidal flats of shallow lakes through the river, which selects a typical shallow lake tidal flat through the river as a cultivation area, wherein the underground water burial depth is between 28cm and 32 cm; determining the best cultivation time of the seedling of the submerged plant tape grass from the last ten days of 4 months to the middle ten days; screening the tape grass seedlings with good growth condition and complete root systems; determining the size and depth of planting pit for planting herba Swertiae Dilutae with specification of 40cm × 40cm × 40 cm; determining the spacing between the plants and the row spacing of the tape grass to be 3m multiplied by 3 m; planting 1-2 seedlings of the tape grass in the planting pits; monitoring ecological indexes of main species in a cultivation area, and performing water level management and habitat preparation in a growth period. After the submerged plant eel grass is fixedly planted in the lake beach, the lake eel grass can successfully overwinter, can be subjected to vegetative propagation through underground tubers or can be subjected to sexual reproduction through fruits, can be naturally propagated without being fixedly planted again in the second year, and provides rich seed sources for natural recovery of the submerged plant eel grass on the surface of a large lake.

Description

Method for planting wild grass in shallow lake beach submerged plant of Tongjiang river
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological restoration technology, in particular to a method for planting a submerged plant tape grass (Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara) in a shallow lake in the river by a pit.
Background
Large-area lakes are often distributed along both banks of a river, are important places for fish migration and propagation, are also important birds overwintering habitats, play an important role in the life continuation of animal and plant species, and are important ecological functional areas. With the development of economy, the utilization intensity of wetland resources is gradually increased, and the ecological process of the lake wetland is seriously interfered. Meanwhile, the aquaculture industry develops rapidly, the purse net culture causes the lake aquatic vegetation to be seriously damaged, and particularly submerged plants almost disappear, so the safety of the whole lake aquatic ecosystem is seriously influenced. In order to maintain the structural integrity, functional stability and rich biological diversity of the aquatic ecosystem of the lake of the river, the aquatic vegetation needs to be recovered urgently, and particularly the submerged vegetation in the lake is the sowthistle which is the dominant species.
The lake beach is a lakeside zone between the annual maximum water level average value and annual minimum water level average value of the lake for many years, and is an environmental zone for mutual transition of lake water areas and lake surrounding land. The hydrological change rule of the shallow lake leading to the river is that the shallow lake leading to the river has a dry season (10 months in the first year to 4 months in the second year) and a rich season (5 months to 10 months), namely the optimal period of germination and growth of the submerged plant tape grass in 3 months and 4 months is the dry season of the shallow lake leading to the river, the water level is very low, and most of lake regions are mudflats. Therefore, the growth and development process of the submerged plant tape grass in the lake intertidal zone cannot be consistent with the lake hydrological process, germination cannot be started in April according to the life history of the tape grass, the optimal germination period is lost, and the tape grass is difficult to survive.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting submerged plant tape grass in a pit in a shallow lake beach in the river to solve the problem of field planting of the submerged plant tape grass in the shallow lake beach in the river, so that the tape grass can be successfully field-planted in the lake beach to form a submerged plant community, thereby recovering the structural integrity, functional stability and rich biological diversity of an aquatic ecosystem in the shallow lake beach in the river.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a method for planting wild grasses in mud flat submerged plants in shallow lakes of Tongjiang, which comprises the following steps:
A. selection of cultivation areas: selecting a typical shallow lake beach of Tongjiang as a cultivation area, wherein the underground water burial depth is between 28cm and 32 cm;
B. determining the cultivation time: determining the best cultivation time of the seedling of the submerged plant tape grass from the last ten days of 4 months to the middle ten days;
C. selecting, lifting and transferring the tape grass seedlings: screening the tape grass seedlings with good growth condition and complete root systems;
D. determining the size of a planting pit: determining the size and depth of planting pit for planting herba Swertiae Dilutae with specification of 40cm × 40cm × 40 cm;
E. designing a cultivation specification: determining the spacing between the plants and the row spacing of the tape grass to be 3m multiplied by 3 m;
F. excavating a planting pit and planting tape grass: excavating planting pits with proper specifications on the wetland mudflat according to the designed cultivation specifications, and planting 1-2 sowthistle seedlings in the planting pits after underground water is infiltrated into the planting pits;
G. monitoring ecological indexes of main species in a cultivation area, and performing water level management and habitat preparation in a growth period.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the method for planting the seedlings of the eel grasses in the shallow lake through the river solves the problem that the growth and development process of the eel grasses of the submerged plant in the shallow lake through the river is inconsistent with the hydrological process of the lake, so that the eel grasses of the submerged plant are successfully planted on the lake, the survival rate of the eel grasses is greatly improved, and the required eel grass biomass can be quickly reached. Meanwhile, the designed cultivation specification also reduces the waste of the tape grass seedlings and the workload of manual planting. The submerged plant tape grass is used as a tool seed to form a submerged plant community, so that not only are rich seed sources provided for natural restoration of the submerged plant tape grass on the surface of a great lake, but also habitat conditions are provided for biological diversity restoration of a shallow lake leading to the river, the aquatic ecosystem is more stable, and the service function of the aquatic ecosystem is fully exerted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a pit planting method for submerged plants of eel grass in shallow lakes of Tongjiang river according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
The invention relates to a method for planting seedling and pit planting of submerged plants of tape grass in shallow lakes of Tongjiang river, which comprises the following steps:
A. selection of cultivation areas: selecting a typical shallow lake beach of Tongjiang as a cultivation area, wherein the underground water burial depth is between 28cm and 32 cm;
B. determining the cultivation time: determining the best cultivation time of the submerged plant sowthistle seedlings from the last ten days of 4 months to the middle ten days;
C. selecting, lifting and transferring the tape grass seedlings: screening the tape grass seedlings with good growth condition and complete root systems;
D. determining the size of a planting pit: determining the size and depth of planting pit for planting herba Swertiae Dilutae with specification of 40cm × 40cm × 40 cm;
E. designing a cultivation specification: determining the spacing between the plants and the row spacing of the tape grass to be 3m multiplied by 3 m;
F. excavating a planting pit and planting tape grass: excavating planting pits with proper specifications on the wetland mudflat according to the designed cultivation specifications, and planting 1-2 sowthistle seedlings in the planting pits after underground water is infiltrated into the planting pits;
G. monitoring ecological indexes of main species in a cultivation area, and performing water level management and habitat preparation in a growth period.
The step A comprises the following steps:
according to hydrological changes of shallow lakes in the Tongjiang, the engineering area is fixed at the position where the underground water is buried about 30cm deep, other wetland beaches with less hygrophytes and aquatic vegetations are coated with gold and bird's nest polder, the cultivation area needs to provide illumination intensity and nutrition conditions required by the survival of the tape grass, a certain space is provided for the survival of the tape grass, and finally, the later hydrological changes of the area need to be consistent with the growth and development process after the tape grass is fixedly planted.
The step C comprises the following steps:
selecting, lifting and transferring seedlings: selecting the seedling with higher growth at low water level and the seedling height of about 20-25 cm, and manually lifting the seedling. Quickly measuring, placing into a plastic basket with the length of 60cm, the width of 45cm and the height of 35cm, wrapping with geotextile, and sprinkling water before transportation to prevent the seedlings from losing water in the transportation process;
the strong growth vigor, complete root system, no plant diseases and insect pests, no weeds and no dehydration of the seedlings for planting are ensured;
when the seedlings are transported, the following steps are carried out: light loading, light placing and light unloading are carried out, so that the seedlings are not damaged;
counting the quantity during shipment, and checking the specification and quality: the transportation time of the seedlings should be selected in the morning or at night, and the seedlings are guaranteed to be taken along, loaded and transported along in principle. During transportation, the cover should be covered, wind-proof, light-proof, can not be pressed heavily, ensure humidity, prevent dehydration.
The step D, F includes:
according to the underground water buried condition of the wetland beach, combining the environmental conditions required by the growth of the tape grass, designing the specification of a planting pit with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height multiplied by 40cm, firstly determining a site according to the designed cultivation specification and the size of the planting pit, then manually excavating the planting pit by using tools such as a spade and the like, after the planting pit is dug, waiting for the underground water to infiltrate into the planting pit, ensuring that the soil in the planting pit is more moist, soft and convenient for manual planting, being beneficial to the successful planting of the tape grass seedling, manually planting the tape grass seedling in the planting pit, and ensuring that the tape grass root system is completely fixed in the soil during the planting.
The step G comprises the following steps:
after planting, monitoring once every 2 weeks, wherein the monitoring indexes comprise average water depth, the coverage of the tape grass population in the engineering area, the number of clone branches and ecological indexes (leaf length, leaf width, flowering rate and fructification rate) of the tape grass, and reasonable water level adjustment is carried out through the growth height of the tape grass; in order to keep the transparency and dissolved oxygen of the water body, provide sufficient illumination conditions and nutrition conditions for the tape grass, timely remove other aquatic plants competing for strong growth of the tape grass, and remove the large fishes in the water body in advance in order to avoid the grazing of the large fishes to the tape grass.
Adopting a pit digging and water seepage planting technology (pit planting technology for short) to plant the bitter herbs on the lake mudflat, excavating a planting pit on the lake mudflat according to a certain specification, infiltrating a certain amount of underground water into the planting pit, providing moisture for the growth of the submerged plant bitter herb seedlings, enabling the submerged plant bitter herbs to be normally planted on the lake mudflat according to the life history in 4 months, then enabling the bitter herbs to normally grow along with the gradual rise of the water level of the lake, and finally achieving the maximum biomass of the bitter herbs in a rich water period. The invention relates to a method for planting seedlings of submerged plant tape grass in planting pits of lake beaches, and gradually growing the seedlings of tape grass after planting, so that the life history of the seedlings of tape grass can be consistent with the hydrological changes of shallow lakes in the river, and the problem of planting the submerged plant tape grass on the beaches of shallow lakes in the river is solved.
The submerged plant tape grass selected by the invention is perennial, after field planting in the lake beach, the nutrient propagation is carried out through underground tubers or the sexual reproduction is carried out through fruits, rich seed sources can be provided for the natural recovery of the submerged plant tape grass on the large lake surface, and the natural propagation can be carried out without field planting again in the second year.
According to the characteristics of slow slope of the tidal flat of the shallow lake in the Tongjiang river and shallow buried depth of underground water, a pit planting method is adopted according to local conditions, planting pits are dug in the tidal flat of the lake in a dry water period, a certain amount of underground water is infiltrated into the pits to be planted, then the seedlings of the tape grass are planted, the tape grass grow normally along with the gradual rise of the water level of the lake, and finally the maximum biomass of the tape grass is reached in a rich water period, so that the problems that the growth and development process of the submerged plant tape grass in the tidal flat area of the lake is inconsistent with the hydrological process of the lake and the tape grass is difficult to be planted are successfully solved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
and (3) rebuilding an aquatic plant community taking the submerged plant tape grass as a dominant species on the tidal flat of the shallow lake in the Tongjiang river, and performing aquatic ecosystem restoration on the tidal flat of the shallow lake in the Tongjiang river. After the submerged plant tape grass forms dominant swarms, the formed submerged plant biotope provides baits and breeding places for aquatic animals, the underground tubers of the tape grass provide rich food sources for winter migratory birds, and the fruits of the tape grass provide provenance for natural restoration of the tape grass on the large lake surface and restore the original water ecosystem service function of river-dredging shallow lakes. The submerged plant tape grass is perennial, can successfully pass winter after field planting in the lake mudflat, can be subjected to vegetative propagation through underground tubers or can be subjected to sexual reproduction through fruits, can be naturally propagated without field planting again in the second year, and also provides rich seed sources for natural recovery of the submerged plant tape grass on the surface of the great lake.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, according to the original distribution characteristics of aquatic vegetation in shallow lakes of Tongjiang, the dominant species of submerged plants, tape grass, is selected as a tool species, and with the support of a demonstration project for recovering aquatic vegetation at levee lakes and country-level natural protection areas of the levee lakes, researches on pit planting methods of tape grass in shallow lakes of Tongjiang are developed at two levees of country-level natural protection areas of the levee lakes from 4 months to 10 months in 2018, and an optimal method for planting tape grass on the shoals of shallow lakes of Tongjiang in dry periods is explored. Forming a eel grass aquatic plant community on the lake shoals, constructing a primary producer with high productivity, and recovering the service function of the aquatic ecosystem of the river-reaching shallow lakes.
The specific implementation steps and requirements include:
1. selecting a cultivation area:
and selecting a proper river-passing shallow lake beach area according to the life habit of the tape grass. Selecting a wetland beach with the buried depth of the underground water of about 30cm and less other hygrophytes and aquatic vegetations. The cultivation area should provide the illumination intensity and nutrition condition required by the eel grass for survival, and forbid the stocking of herbivorous fishes such as grass carps and fishes fed by benthonic animals, so as to provide a certain space for the survival of the eel grass. After the tape grass is planted, the hydrological change of the area is ensured to be consistent with the growth and development process of the tape grass.
2. Determining the cultivation time:
and determining the optimal cultivation time of the seedlings from the last to middle of 4 months according to the known life habits of the submerged plant tape grass.
3. Selecting, lifting and transferring the tape grass seedlings:
screening the tape grass seedlings which grow in a low water level area, facilitating manual seedling lifting, having good growth condition, having the seedling height of about 20-25 cm, complete root system, no plant diseases and insect pests, no weeds and no dehydration. The seedling lifting mode adopts manual seedling lifting. After rapid measurement, the seedlings are placed in a plastic basket with the length of 60cm, the width of 45cm and the height of 35cm, wrapped by geotextile, and sprinkled with water before transportation so as to prevent the seedlings from losing water in the transportation process.
When the seedlings are transported, the following steps are carried out: light loading, light placing and light unloading are carried out, and the seedlings are not damaged. The quantity should be checked and the specification and quality checked during shipment. The transportation time of the seedlings should be selected in the morning or at night, and the seedlings are guaranteed to be taken along, loaded and transported along in principle. During transportation, the cover should be covered, wind-proof, light-proof, can not be pressed heavily, ensure humidity, prevent dehydration.
4. Determining the size of a planting pit:
according to the underground water burial depth of the shallow lake in the river, the size and depth of the planting pit most suitable for planting the tape grass are determined. Finally, the standard of the planting pit is designed to be 40cm × 40cm × 40cm × 40 cm. Can be properly adjusted according to the buried depth of underground water during actual operation.
5. Designing a cultivation specification:
the bitter herbs are subjected to rapid vegetative propagation through stolons, and the required space is large according to field monitoring results, so that the spacing between the plants and the row spacing of the bitter herbs are determined to be 3m multiplied by 3 m.
6. Excavating a planting pit for planting the tape grass:
according to the designed cultivation specification, digging planting pits with proper specification by using a shovel on the lake beach, manually planting the seedlings of the tape grass in the planting pits after a certain amount of underground water is infiltrated into the planting pits, and planting 1-2 tape grass in each planting pit.
7. Monitoring ecological indexes of the submerged plant tape grass and associated species thereof in the engineering area, and performing water level management and habitat preparation in the growing period:
after successful colonization, monitoring was performed every 2 weeks. The monitoring indexes comprise average water depth, coverage of tape grass population in an engineering area, clone division number and ecological indexes (leaf length, leaf width, flowering rate and seed setting rate) of the tape grass, and reasonable water level adjustment is carried out through the growth height of the tape grass. In order to keep the transparency and dissolved oxygen of the water body, provide sufficient illumination conditions and nutrition conditions for the tape grass and remove other aquatic plants competing strongly with the tape grass growth in time. In order to avoid the large fishes from grazing the eel grass, the large fishes in the water body are removed in advance.
8. Ecological indexes of the dominant species tape grass:
and (4) monitoring the growth condition of the aquatic plant community in the engineering district 1 time per week from 4 to 10 months in 2018. The development condition of the seedlings of the tape grass in the month of 4 is good after the seedlings of the tape grass are transplanted, the height of the seedlings of the tape grass is 16cm, the survival rate of the tape grass in a cultivation area reaches 85%, and 1-2 tape grass grows in each planting pit.
② the growing vigor of the eel grass in 2018 in 5 months is good, at the moment, the average water depth of the cultivation area is 95cm, the average height reaches 24cm, and the planting survival rate of the eel grass in the cultivation area reaches 75 percent.
③ 6 months of 2018, the eel grass grows well, and the observation of the eel grass in the planting pit shows that the average plant height of the eel grass is 46cm, the average length of the rhizome is 8.3cm, each plant of the rhizome can germinate to generate 3 new plants, and the average coverage per square meter is 82%.
And fourthly, in 2018, the growth of the tape grass in 7 months enters a prosperous period, and the density, the coverage, the height and the biomass are obviously increased. At the moment, the average water depth of the cultivation area is 85cm, the average coverage per square meter reaches 90%, the average plant height is 58cm, the average length of the rootstock is 11.6cm, and each rootstock can germinate to generate 4 new plants on average.
And (6) in 2018, the tape grass in 8 months enters the flowering stage, and the growth gradually reaches the peak. At this time, the average water depth of the cultivation area is 80cm, the average plant height is 74cm, the average number of flower buds is 9 per plant, and the average number of leaves is 7 per plant.
Sixthly, 9 months of investigation in 2018 finds that the tape grass begins to enter the fructification stage. The average water depth of the cultivation area is 90cm, the average plant height of the tape grass is 85cm, the average number of flower buds is 4 per plant, the average number of fruiting bodies is 11 per plant, and the average number of leaves is 9 per plant.
Seventhly, the fruits of the bitter herbs in 2018 months are gradually ripe, and the leaves are gradually changed into light yellow. The average water depth is 110cm, the average plant height is 90cm, the average number of flower buds is 3 per plant, and the average real number of mature fruits is 5 per plant. The biomass is reduced because a part of the seeds are mature and float on the water surface.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (1)

1. A method for planting wild grass in mud flat submerged plants in shallow lakes of Tongjiang river is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. selection of cultivation areas: selecting a typical shallow lake beach of Tongjiang as a cultivation area, wherein the underground water burial depth is between 28cm and 32 cm;
B. determining the cultivation time: determining the best cultivation time of the seedling of the submerged plant tape grass from the last ten days of 4 months to the middle ten days;
C. selecting, lifting and transferring the tape grass seedlings: screening the tape grass seedlings with good growth condition and complete root systems;
D. determining the size of a planting pit: determining the size and depth of planting pit for planting herba Swertiae Dilutae with specification of 40cm × 40cm × 40 cm;
E. designing a cultivation specification: determining the spacing between the plants and the row spacing = 3m × 3 m;
F. excavating a planting pit and planting tape grass: excavating planting pits with proper specifications on the wetland mudflat according to the designed cultivation specifications, and planting 1-2 sowthistle seedlings in the planting pits after underground water is infiltrated into the planting pits;
G. monitoring ecological indexes of main species in a cultivation area, and performing water level management and habitat preparation in a growth period;
the step A comprises the following steps:
according to hydrological changes of shallow lakes in the Tongjiang, a cultivation area is fixed to be buried deep in underground water by 30cm, other wetland beaches with less hygrophytes and aquatic vegetation are coated with gold and bird's nest polder, the cultivation area needs to provide illumination intensity and nutrition conditions required by the survival of the tape grass, a certain space is provided for the survival of the tape grass, and finally, the hydrological changes in the later period of the area need to be consistent with the growth and development process after the tape grass planting;
the step C comprises the following steps:
selecting, lifting and transferring seedlings: selecting the seedling with higher growth at low water level and 20-25 cm high, and manually lifting the seedling; quickly measuring, placing into a plastic basket with the length of 60cm, the width of 45cm and the height of 35cm, wrapping with geotextile, and sprinkling water before transportation to prevent the seedlings from losing water in the transportation process;
the strong growth vigor, complete root system, no plant diseases and insect pests, no weeds and no dehydration of the seedlings for planting are ensured;
the loading and transporting of the seedlings should be done as follows: light loading, light placing and light unloading are carried out, so that the seedlings are not damaged;
counting the quantity during shipment, and checking the specification and quality: the transportation time of the seedlings is selected in the morning or at night, and the seedlings are guaranteed to be taken along, loaded and transported in principle; during transportation, the cover is required to be covered, wind-proof and light-proof, the weight cannot be pressed, the humidity is ensured, and the dehydration is prevented;
the step D, F includes:
according to the underground water burial condition of the wetland beach, combining the environmental conditions required by the growth of the tape grass, designing the specification of a planting pit to be length multiplied by width multiplied by height =40 cm multiplied by 40cm, firstly, uniformly determining a site according to the designed cultivation specification and the size of the planting pit, manually excavating the planting pit by using a spade, after the planting pit is dug, waiting for the underground water to permeate into the planting pit, ensuring that the soil in the planting pit is more moist, soft and convenient for manual planting, being beneficial to the successful planting of the tape grass seedling, manually planting the tape grass seedling in the planting pit, and ensuring that the root system of the tape grass is completely fixed in the soil during the planting;
the step G comprises the following steps:
after planting, monitoring once every 2 weeks, wherein the monitoring indexes comprise average water depth, coverage of the tape grass population in a planting area, clone division number and ecological indexes of the tape grass, the ecological indexes comprise leaf length, leaf width, flowering rate and fructification rate, and reasonable water level adjustment is carried out through the growth height of the tape grass; in order to keep the transparency and dissolved oxygen of the water body, provide sufficient illumination conditions and nutrition conditions for the tape grass, timely remove other aquatic plants competing for strong growth of the tape grass, and remove the large fishes in the water body in advance in order to avoid the grazing of the large fishes to the tape grass.
CN201811500338.8A 2018-12-07 2018-12-07 Method for planting wild grass in shallow lake beach submerged plant of Tongjiang river Active CN109526611B (en)

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CN104756725B (en) * 2015-04-15 2017-02-22 北京林业大学 Method for planting river bank water-land ecotone vegetation
CN105123189B (en) * 2015-07-30 2018-05-08 贵州工程应用技术学院 A kind of riverbank ecology buffer strip and its construction method
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CN107996372B (en) * 2017-11-29 2020-10-30 安徽大学 Method for constructing densely-burred tape grass submerged vegetation in moderate subsidence wetland in coal mining subsidence area
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CN104594284A (en) * 2014-12-09 2015-05-06 中国科学院水生生物研究所 Embankment landscape and water purification system with aquatic plants arranged in inlaid mode
CN107409720A (en) * 2017-08-25 2017-12-01 重庆市风景园林科学研究院 A kind of falling zone ecological restoring method

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