CN109524762B - Wide beam scanning dual-frequency dual-polarization micro base station antenna applied to 5G communication - Google Patents
Wide beam scanning dual-frequency dual-polarization micro base station antenna applied to 5G communication Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0053—Selective devices used as spatial filter or angular sidelobe filter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/104—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
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Abstract
The invention provides a wide beam scanning double-frequency dual-polarization micro-base station antenna applied to 5G communication, which sequentially comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate, a third dielectric plate and a feed structure from top to bottom, wherein radiation patches are adhered to the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate, the feed structure is arranged on the third dielectric plate, the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are coupled and fed through the feed structure of the third dielectric plate, a reflection floor is arranged below the third dielectric plate, an air layer is arranged between the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate, and the second dielectric plate is in direct contact with the third dielectric plate. The antenna realizes the broadband characteristic of the antenna, the two port bandwidths of the antenna respectively cover two frequency bands of 3.3-3.69GHz and 4.75-5GHz, the antenna can be applied to 5G communication, high isolation and low cross polarization performance are realized, and a 1X 4 high-gain antenna array is realized through a differential feed network.
Description
[ technical field ]
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a wide-beam scanning dual-frequency dual-polarization micro base station antenna applied to 5G communication and an array thereof.
[ background art ]
With the rapid development of modern mobile communication technology, the requirements of communication systems for antennas are becoming higher and higher.
In a modern mobile communication system, a novel antenna is widely concerned by a plurality of experts, scholars and engineers, and is a dual-polarized antenna which can realize frequency reuse because a pair of working modes with orthogonal polarization modes and the same frequency can be formed simultaneously. Meanwhile, the antenna can receive all polarization information of electromagnetic waves in the sky, and has the capabilities of strong anti-interference performance, multipath fading resistance, system sensitivity improvement and the like, so that the dual-polarized antenna is widely applied to modern communication systems.
After years of research by researchers, the current dual-polarized antenna can be roughly divided into two types: patch antennas and cross dipole antennas. The cross dipole antenna has the characteristics of wide frequency, stable gain and the like, but has the defect of larger volume, and the requirement on the size of the antenna is higher and higher in the modern mobile communication system; the patch antenna has the advantage of a significantly small size compared to the cross dipole antenna, but has the disadvantages of a narrow frequency band, low isolation, and the like.
The differential circuit has good anti-noise performance and plays an important role in a communication system. However, the conventional dual-polarized antenna has only one feeding port, cannot directly use a differential circuit, and can be connected to a communication system using the differential circuit by using a balun or other switching device. This increases additional power losses and complicates the structure.
Sometimes, the beam of the antenna is required to be fixed at a certain position in space, and the spatial scanning needs to be carried out along with the time change, and at this time, the phased array antenna is produced. The phased array antenna gets rid of the complicated arrangement of the prior mechanical rotation antenna array scanning, so that the scanning sensitivity of the antenna beam in space is revolutionarily changed, and the vigorous development of the current phased array technology also shows the strong vitality of the phased array antenna.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention redesigns the existing dual-polarized antenna and obviously improves the performance of the existing antenna, and provides the wide-beam scanning dual-frequency dual-polarized micro base station antenna applied to 5G communication and the antenna array thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a wide beam scanning dual-frequency dual-polarization micro-base station antenna applied to 5G communication, which sequentially comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate, a third dielectric plate and a feed structure from top to bottom, wherein radiation patches are adhered to the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate, the feed structure is arranged on the third dielectric plate, the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are coupled and fed through the feed structure of the third dielectric plate, a reflection floor is arranged below the third dielectric plate, an air layer is arranged between the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate, and the second dielectric plate is in direct contact with the third dielectric plate.
Further, the distance of the air layer between the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate is 3.5 mm.
Furthermore, radiation patches are attached to the upper surface of the first dielectric slab, and the radiation patches are an array formed by 2 × 2 square patch units.
Furthermore, the side length of the square radiation patch unit on the first dielectric slab is 17mm, and a gap is formed between adjacent patch units and is 1 mm.
Furthermore, radiation patches are attached to the upper surface of the second dielectric slab, and the radiation patches are an array formed by 2 × 2 square patch units.
Further, adjacent radiating patch units on the upper surface of the second dielectric plate are connected together through an arch patch.
Furthermore, the side length of the square radiation patch unit on the second dielectric plate is 16mm, and a gap is formed between adjacent patch units, wherein the gap is 0.8 mm.
Furthermore, the feed structure on the third dielectric plate is cross-shaped, the two ends of the feed structure are linearly connected to be used as a differential port, and a 180-degree phase exists during excitation.
Furthermore, the first, second and third dielectric slabs are F4B dielectric slabs and are square, and the first and second dielectric slabs are 1mm thick.
The invention also provides a low-profile high-isolation differential dual-polarized patch antenna array which comprises four antenna structures as described above, wherein the four antenna structures are arranged in sequence, the antenna feed network is a one-to-eight feed network, and a phase difference of 180 degrees exists between every two ports.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the performance of the low section of the antenna is realized, and the miniaturization of the dual-polarized antenna is realized.
2. The dual-polarized antenna has high isolation and low cross polarization.
3. The patch antenna achieves high gain performance.
4. The antenna structure is simplified, and the antenna preparation difficulty is reduced.
5. A high gain antenna array is realized.
6. So that the antenna has filtering performance.
7. The wide H-plane of the antenna array is achieved.
[ description of the drawings ]
Fig. 1 is a diagram of the structure of an antenna unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic layered diagram of an antenna unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a first dielectric plate of the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a second dielectric plate of the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a third dielectric plate of the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows the standing wave ratio and gain of the antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows the isolation of the antenna element of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a 3.5G pattern of port 1 of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a 3.5G pattern of port 2 of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a 4.9G pattern of port 1 of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a 4.9G pattern for port 2 of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 13 shows the gain standing wave ratio of the antenna array of the present invention.
Fig. 14 shows the 3.5GHz H-plane width of the antenna array of the present invention.
Wherein 1 is a first dielectric slab, 2 is a second dielectric slab, 3 is a third dielectric slab, 4 feed structures, 5 is a port one, 6 is a port two, 11 is a first dielectric slab square radiation patch unit, 21 is a second dielectric slab square radiation patch unit, and 22 is an arch patch.
[ detailed description of the invention ]
In order to make the technical means by which the invention is implemented clear, the invention is further elucidated below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. It should be noted that, if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings or that the product is usually placed in use, it is only for convenience of describing and simplifying the present invention, and it is not intended to indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The patch antenna is widely used in a wireless communication system due to its characteristics of low cost, low profile, easy preparation and the like. However, the frequency band of the general dual-polarized patch antenna is narrow, the isolation is not ideal, and the gain is low. Therefore, in order to widen the frequency band of the antenna, the patch dual-polarized antenna adopts a multilayer structure, so that the radiation patch and the feeder line are designed to be on different layers, and the freedom degree of the feeder line and the radiation patch is greatly improved by the coupling feeding mode.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-5, the wide beam scanning dual-band dual-polarized micro base station antenna for 5G communication in this embodiment is schematically illustrated without a supporting structure, and includes a first dielectric plate 1, a second dielectric plate 2, a third dielectric plate 3, and a feeding structure 4 from top to bottom, the first dielectric plate 1 and the second dielectric plate 2 are pasted with radiation patches, the feed structure 4 is arranged on the third dielectric plate 3, the second dielectric plate 2 is coupled to the radiation patches of the second layer dielectric plate 2 for coupling feed through the feed structure 4 of the third dielectric plate 3, the radiation patches on the first layer dielectric plate 1 are coupled by the patches of the second layer dielectric plate 2, the lower part of the third dielectric plate 3 is used as a reflection floor, an air layer is arranged between the first dielectric plate 1 and the second dielectric plate 2, the air layer distance between the first dielectric sheet 1 and the second dielectric sheet 2 was 3.5mm in this embodiment. The second dielectric plate 2 is in direct contact with the third dielectric plate 3. The design enables the part of the antenna to be equivalent to a filter, can filter out part of unnecessary frequency bands, simultaneously enables the antenna to realize double frequency, and widens the frequency band; and the upper surfaces of the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are both pasted with radiation patches, and the radiation patches of the two dielectric layers are an array formed by 2 multiplied by 2 square patch units, so that the gain of the antenna is effectively improved, and the high gain of the units is realized. As shown in fig. 7, the single cell average gain is around 8 dB.
In this embodiment, the side length of the square radiation patch unit 11 on the first dielectric plate is 17mm, and a gap is formed between adjacent patch units, and the gap is 1 mm.
The side length of the square radiation patch unit 21 on the second dielectric plate is 16mm, a gap is reserved between adjacent patch units, the gap is 0.8mm, and the adjacent radiation patch units are connected together through the arch patches 22.
The patch antenna realizes dual polarization function by exciting the working mode of the exciter on the radiation patch, and the polarization modes of the working modes are mutually orthogonal, namely a double-fed structure is adopted. The feed structure 4 of the present embodiment is cross feed, is arranged at the geometric center position of the third dielectric plate 3, and rotates the cross clockwise or counterclockwise by 45 ° relative to the surface of the dielectric plate, and is located on the geometric diagonal line of the dielectric plate. As shown in fig. 8, the antenna isolation of the embodiment of the present invention is lower than 45dB, and the cross polarization is lower than 30 dB.
The first, second and third dielectric slabs are F4B dielectric slabs which are square, and the first and second dielectric slabs are 1mm thick. Through the above design, the size of the antenna of the last embodiment is 45mm x 8.5mm, and the miniaturization of the antenna is realized.
On the other hand, the low-profile high-isolation differential dual-polarized patch antenna array provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises four antenna structures as described above, the four antenna structures are sequentially arranged, the antenna feed network is a one-to-eight feed network, 180-degree phase difference exists between every two ports, and the four antenna units are connected through the differential feed network, so that the high-gain array antenna is realized. As shown in fig. 13, a high gain of the patch array antenna is achieved, with an average gain of around 15 dB.
And the array antenna can generate a signal delay by adjusting the phase difference of the input ports between each unit, and the radiation angle of the antenna array can be wider by excitation in such a way, so that in the design of the antenna, the phase difference of 85 degrees exists in excitation of each antenna unit, and the low frequency of the antenna generates a wide radiation surface of 110 degrees. As shown in fig. 14, the wide H-plane is realized by using the phase difference of the phased array adjusting means.
As shown in fig. 9-12, the antenna designed by the present invention achieves dual-frequency performance: the first 5 and the second 6 antenna frequency band cover two frequency bands of 3.3-3.69GHz and 4.75-5GHz, and can be applied to 5G low-frequency band communication planned at the present stage.
All technical schemes belonging to the principle of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. Modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A wide beam scanning double-frequency dual-polarization micro base station antenna applied to 5G communication is characterized by sequentially comprising a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate, a third dielectric plate and a feed structure from top to bottom, wherein radiation patches are pasted on the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate, the feed structure is arranged on the third dielectric plate, the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are coupled and fed through the feed structure of the third dielectric plate, a reflection floor is arranged below the third dielectric plate, an air layer is arranged between the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate, and the second dielectric plate is in direct contact with the third dielectric plate; the distance of an air layer between the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate is 3.5 mm;
the upper surface of the first dielectric slab is pasted with radiation patches which are an array formed by 2 x 2 square patch units; the side length of the square radiation patch unit on the first dielectric slab is 17mm, and a gap is formed between adjacent patch units and is 1 mm;
the upper surface of the second dielectric plate is pasted with a radiation patch, and the radiation patch is an array formed by 2 x 2 square patch units; the adjacent radiation patch units on the upper surface of the second dielectric plate are connected together through an arch patch; the side length of the square radiation patch unit on the second dielectric slab is 16mm, and a gap is formed between adjacent patch units and is 0.8 mm;
the feed structure on the third dielectric plate is cross-shaped feed, the two ends of the feed structure are linearly connected to be used as a differential port, and a 180-degree phase exists during excitation.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are F4B dielectric plates and are square; the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are both 1mm thick.
3. A low-profile high-isolation differential dual-polarized patch antenna array is characterized by comprising four antennas according to claim 1, wherein the four antennas are sequentially arranged, a feed network of the four antennas is a one-to-eight feed network, and a phase difference of 180 degrees exists between every two ports.
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| CN201811056839.1A CN109524762B (en) | 2018-09-11 | 2018-09-11 | Wide beam scanning dual-frequency dual-polarization micro base station antenna applied to 5G communication |
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| CN201811056839.1A CN109524762B (en) | 2018-09-11 | 2018-09-11 | Wide beam scanning dual-frequency dual-polarization micro base station antenna applied to 5G communication |
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| CN109524762B true CN109524762B (en) | 2021-03-30 |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110112574B (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-09-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Reconfigurable ultra-wideband array antenna |
| CN110911805B (en) * | 2019-10-19 | 2021-07-16 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Miniaturized dual-frequency dual-polarization 5G base station antenna with high isolation and high harmonic suppression |
| CN111162380B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-06-10 | 上海微波技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第五十研究所） | Dual-polarized broadband high-gain wide-beam antenna |
| CN112072301A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-12-11 | 超讯通信股份有限公司 | Dual-polarized low-profile broadband 5G base station antenna |
| CN112332097A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-05 | 上海安费诺永亿通讯电子有限公司 | Novel laminated dual-frequency dual-polarization millimeter wave antenna |
| CN112636770A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-09 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Signal transmitting method and 5G phase-controlled microstrip antenna |
| CN113097745B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2022-11-29 | 电子科技大学 | Wide-beam parasitic pixel layer antenna for one-dimensional large-angle scanning |
| CN113437516B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-09-27 | 北京交通大学 | Large-frequency-ratio multi-frequency antenna and terminal |
| CN114899620B (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-12-09 | 华南理工大学 | Compact low-cross-polarization millimeter wave wide-angle scanning antenna array |
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