CN109523854A - A kind of method of Hydraulic Elements machine & equipment - Google Patents
A kind of method of Hydraulic Elements machine & equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods of Hydraulic Elements machine & equipment and principle demonstration, belong to Virtual Simulative Experiment teaching field, include common 12 kinds of hydraulic primary elements in hydraulic teaching.Simplified and be grouped firstly the need of the basic structure for checking on Hydraulic Elements, and by the basic structure of Hydraulic Elements, carried out Modeling Assembly in solidworks, obtain the mechanical model of Hydraulic Elements.Model is refined in 3DMAX again, and the material and textures of model are handled.Model is finally imported into the design interacted in unity3D to realize the functions such as machine & equipment and principle demonstration.The present invention is based on interaction production and animated show functions provided by unity3D platform, allow each student that can simulate disassembly assembly Hydraulic Elements of starting to reach, clearly watch the effect of Hydraulic Elements internal structure and principle.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Virtual Simulative Experiment teaching fields, are related to a kind of Hydraulic Elements virtual emulation based on unity3D
The method of dismounting.
Background technique:
With the continuous improvement of the fast-developing and national higher education level of information technology, in the teaching of engineering discipline
Hold and huge variation all has occurred in teaching method.Under such development, traditional engineering experiment is no longer satisfied
College student is for independently practicing the demand of experiment.With the maturation of Virtual Simulative Experiment technology, people start to recognize virtual
In the application value of education sector, its research work in addition to that can assist colleges and universities also has emulation experiment in terms of experimental teaching
Just like utilization rate height, it is easy to maintain many advantages, such as.In recent years, domestic many colleges and universities are all according to the demand of itself scientific research and teaching
Establish some Virtual Simulative Experiments.But it is fewer for the part of hydraulic test teaching in mechanical subject.In hydraulic reality
In testing, the dismounting of Hydraulic Elements is the pith of hydraulic test, but costly due to the price majority of Hydraulic Elements, and
And the problems such as really Hydraulic Elements are used due to the precision and assembly tool of assembly, not all Hydraulic Elements are suitable for
Student carries out starting to dismount.Based on this, this partial content has been filled up in the experiment of Hydraulic Elements machine & equipment well.Hydraulic Elements are empty
Quasi- dismounting experiment is based on unity3D, in conjunction with mobile terminal and the end PC, the side combined using mechanical modeling with unity3D interaction
Formula, model all refer to true Hydraulic Elements, can be good at principle and mobilizing students that Hydraulic Elements are shown to student
Enthusiasm carries out the interactive teaching that there is the element of true immersion environment sense to dismantle and assemble.
Summary of the invention
In order to meet the needs of modern mechanical and Hydraulic Field teaching, the principle of Hydraulic Elements is clearly shown to student
And the sense of reality disassembly and assembling process, the present invention provides a kind of Hydraulic Elements based on unity3D virtually dismantle assemble with
And the method for principle demonstration.Comprising common 12 kinds of hydraulic primary elements in hydraulic teaching in the present invention, including overflow
Valve, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, servo valve, proportioning valve, gear pump, single acting vane pump, double-acting vane pump, inclined disc type axial direction
Plunger pump, angle type axial piston pump, radial plunger pump.
In order to meet the demand, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of method of Hydraulic Elements machine & equipment, the Hydraulic Elements based on unity3D virtually dismantle assembly and principle
The method of demonstration, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: understanding component structure, the mechanical model of element is determined
1.1) integral member is split into each part, is formed according to the inside of element, emphasis takes out the main of element
Part and cellular structure suitably omit unnecessary auxiliary component and cellular structure, obtain a simplified machinery
Model.
1.2) major part is grouped according to the component structure abstracted, modeling assembling is carried out to every group of part
Afterwards, each group part progress overall assembling is then obtained into the mechanical model of integral member.
Modeling method specifically: the cross sectional shape of major part is drawn first with draft mode in solidworks, then
Using stretching, cut off, scan, the functions such as setting-out edit the shape of part, preservation then is named to part.Assembly
When part is successively imported by correct assemble sequence, using be overlapped, conllinear, the matching relationships constraint part such as with one heart position,
Finally name saves the mechanical model for just obtaining simplified element.
Step 2: being refined in 3DMAX to model, and textures landscaping treatment
2.1) mechanical model established in solidworks is saved as into the igs format that 3DMAX can be read.It will save
Import for the mechanical model of igs format and be used as reference model in 3DMAX, first create basic body in 3DMAX, for example, cuboid or
Cylinder model is then converted into editable polygon, carries out the behaviour such as ledger line, segmentation to basic body Model further according to reference model
It makes and the consistent mould shapes of reference model.The details such as hole, screw thread in obtained model are refined again.
2.2) the part relative position after preservation is adjusted, foundation and the consistent matching relationship of reference model, and
And stick picture disposing is carried out to material surface, the mapping coordinates of model are modified using the UVW textures editing machine in 3DMAX,
Wherein each part of different location should use different texturing, and be named to each part and overall model
It saves, and is stored in the resource folder Assets carried in Unity3D with the format of FBX, Unity3D will be automatically imported pair
The threedimensional model and corresponding textures file answered.
2.3) it in principle demonstration, needs to simulate the case where fluid flows in the component, with textures in 3DMAX
Fluid in form simulation runner is filled runner with textures, is equally also introduced into the resource folder carried in Unity3D
In Assets, as long as controlling the UV coordinate of textures in principle demonstration roll textures, pass through control mapping coordinates variation
The effect that demonstration fluid flows in runner can be realized in time point.
Design is interacted step 3: element is imported in unity3D
3.1) Project file is created in unity3D, and with the name nominating file of element, Project file
Middle creation Model model file folder, Prefabs precast body file, Materials material file folder, Scripts script file
Folder.The model file of the FBX format saved in resource folder Assets is imported in Model model file folder, by textures
Material ball is imported into Materials material file folder.
3.2) model is integrally dragged in the scene frame in software interface, sets prefabricated for the overall model of element
Body is stored in Prefabs precast body file.The ID that an empty body is named as the scene is established, model is dragged in sky
In object.In addition it resettles an empty body and is named as StepController, for carry control element dismounting sequence
Script.
3.3) one configuration list file of TXT document preparation is used, tool used in configuration dismounting inside configuration list file, and
And the relative position being moved to required for each part of element when determining dismounting according to the coordinate of the part of model in the scene,
It is traversed when executing dismounting according to the sequence in allocation list, to achieve the purpose that linearly to dismount.
3.4) function that script file realizes dismounting is write.Trigger event is set for each part and writes script, in foot
Global variable is defined in this: including extracting tool type, associated knocked down condition, group ID, rotating cycle, displacement, rotation angle
Degree.Write whether function judgment component can be disassembled respectively again, judge the classification of tool, condition that setting disassembly is completed and
Reminding language etc..
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by Script controlling, reasonably dismounting sequentially, allows each student can to reach
It starts to dismantle, assemble, clearly watch the effect of element Inner Constitution.The part of principle demonstration is also to be with mock-up simultaneously
Basis can clearly demonstrate flow process of the fluid in runner, not only meet demand of the student to hands-on, but also
It is not limited by environment and experiment condition, can make student for the working principle and internal structure of Hydraulic Elements to greatest extent
Have and clearly recognizes.What comes into a driver's and interactive operation space are constructed using virtual emulation software unity3D, faster simpler can be taken
Emulation experiment environment is built, programming difficulty is reduced.Simultaneously unity3D can released version to Windows, Mac, Wii, iPhone,
WebGL, Windows phone and Android platform can satisfy while in the demand of various terminals publication.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the user interaction flow figure of the machine & equipment the present invention is based on unity3D.
Fig. 2 is the modeling and interaction production flow diagram of the machine & equipment the present invention is based on unity3D.
Specific embodiment
The present invention relates to common component models in 12 hydraulic teaching, including pilot operated compound relief valve, hydraulic cylinder,
Hydraulic motor, servo valve, proportioning valve, gear pump, single acting vane pump, double-acting vane pump, cam-type axial piston pump, inclined shaft
Formula axial plunger pump, radial plunger pump.The process of modeling and the production interaction of 12 elements is substantially consistent, just for
The detail of each element is different, but invents whole operating procedure and implementation method and do not change, so selecting here
It selects and is described in detail for pilot operated compound relief valve.
Step 1: understanding component structure, the mechanical model of element is determined
Integral member is split into each part, is formed according to the inside of element, emphasis takes out the major part of element
And cellular structure, unnecessary auxiliary component and cellular structure are suitably omitted, a simplified mechanical model is obtained.
Major part is grouped according to the component structure abstracted, it, then will be each after carrying out modeling assembling to every group of part
Group part is assembled to obtain the mechanical model of integral member.
By taking pilot operated compound relief valve as an example, the entirety of element is first split into upper valve body, lower valve body, main valve plug and pilot valve
Four major parts of core, suitably omit supplementary structure such as washer etc..
By taking the main valve plug modeling in pilot operated compound relief valve as an example.The text of a part is established in solidworks first
Part is named as main valve plug, and into draft mode, the bottom surface for drawing main valve plug according to actual size is round.Complete plan view sketch
Afterwards, Sketching mode is exited.Stretching in proportion is carried out based on the circle finished.The circle of main valve plug is formed after the completion of stretching
Cylinder shape.Again respectively with two surfaces above and below cylindrical body be respectively datum level carry out inwardly stretch excision, the cylinder of excision with
Basic circle is concentric, and the depth of excision is respectively the one third of overall length.The approximate shape of main valve plug is formed after excision.
With the interior lower surface after cutting off it is again simultaneously basic face block out, goes out one in areal stretch for entire outer diameter a quarter cylinder
For fixing main valve plug spring.Chamfering finally is carried out to each round edge of element, the radius of chamfering is 2mm, and angle is 45 °.It will
The part built up saves and to be named as main valve plug stand-by.
Followed by the modeling of main valve plug spring.It initially sets up the file of a part and is named as main valve plug bullet
Spring.Be ready for establishing spring scans path: " insertion " is clicked in draft mode, " curve ", " helix/vortex-like line ",
The parameters such as the screw pitch of lead-in spiral and circle number determine that helix just generates.This helix is exactly that spring scans path.
Prepare to establish outline sketch below, selects a datum level, the datum level of selection has to the beginning with helix
Line (or end lines) vertically, face by the skeletonizing on this face, click, in starting one circle of strokes and dots of helix, exits
Sketch.Click scan is that section is scanned with sketch circle, has just obtained master using helix as path in threedimensional model interface
The model of valve spring.File is saved.
Then establishing an assembly file designation is main valve plug assembly.The text where the part of preservation is found hereof
The main valve plug built up and main valve plug spring are imported assembly interface by part folder.Element is dragged to suitable cooperation position.By two
A element is set as concentric matching relationship and generates an assembly, and assembly is saved.
Other parts include pilot valve structure, upper and lower valve body structure and washer, bolt, plastic lid etc. according to
This step is modeled and is assembled.The format of igs will finally mechanical model be assembled be saved as, in order to imported into 3DMAX
Middle carry out reference.Here modeling is mainly to be in order to which the model of element body is established roughly and is come out in solidworks
Fine modeling is layed foundation in 3DMAX.
Step 2: being refined in 3DMAX to model, and textures landscaping treatment
The mechanical model for the igs format kept is imported into 3DMAX as reference model, is first created in 3DMAX
Basic body (cuboid/cylindrical body) model, switchs to editable polygon, according to the model of reference, carries out ledger line to model, divides
Section, makes general shape.
The model built up further is refined, for the threaded hole of element surface, carries out surface material using Boolean calculation
The excision of material is to generate hole.Finally overall model is adjusted, establishes correct matching relationship, and paste to material surface
Figure processing, is modified the mapping coordinates of model using the UVW textures editing machine in 3DMAX.According to different model appearances
Face modifies to different coordinate shaft positions using UVW textures editing machine.And guarantor is named to each part and entirety
It deposits.The contents such as the model and textures established in 3DMAX obtain the resource folder that format is stored in Unity3D with FBX
In Assets,
Unity3D will be automatically imported to deserved threedimensional model and corresponding textures and animation file.
It in principle demonstration, needs to simulate the case where fluid flows in the component, the form of textures is used in 3DMAX
The fluid in runner is simulated, is filled runner with textures, is also introduced into the resource folder Assets carried in Unity3D
In, textures are rolled as long as controlling the UV coordinate of textures in principle demonstration, by the time point of control mapping coordinates variation,
The effect that fluid flows in runner can be realized.
Design is interacted step 3: element is imported in unity3D
Project file is created in unity3D, and with the name nominating file of element, create in Project file
Build Model model file folder, Prefabs precast body file, Materials material file folder, Scripts script file folder.
The model file of the FBX format saved in resource folder Assets is imported in Model model file folder, by the material of textures
Ball is also introduced into Materials material file folder.
Model is integrally dragged in the scene frame in software interface, the scene of disassembly uses basic in unity3D
The overall model of element is set precast body by scene, is stored in Prefabs precast body file.Establish an empty
Body is named as the ID of the scene, and model is dragged in empty body.In addition an empty body is resettled to be named as
StepController, for the script of carry control element dismounting sequence.For the ease of finding and managing the institute an of element
There are scene and script, an element is set under a root.Empty body is without physical attribute among these, also without three-dimensional
Entity forms model tree by father node of empty body.
Light source mode is available there are many in unity, including direction light source, point light source, area source, spotlight etc.
Form uses the point light source of lamp here.Light source is created in GameObject, then modifies the Transform of light source
Attribute makes the position of light source be in a suitable position by attributes such as rotation, the translations of control light source.
The disassembly and assembly of mechanical organ have certain logical order, so configuration list file is write, for tearing open for element
An adopted fundamental order is set, element is carried out according to the logical order in allocation list when being executed, while being reconfigured in table and being said
Tool used in bright dismounting.After element is dragged in scene, element has fixed world coordinates, according at this time
Coordinate position is that preset parameter, such as 1.InnerHexagonSpanner8 is arranged in offset when element dismounts] Gu hydraulic valve/
Determine screw 01] 0.625,2.461,0.154] it the title including dismantling device, the part name to be dismounted and tears open here
The position for the world coordinates that part is moved to after dress.2.Hand is write by practical dismounting sequence] hydraulic valve/above] hydraulic
Valve/fixing screws 02] 0.163,1.747,0].The linear precedence of dismounting is according to fixing screws 02 after first fixing screws 01
Sequence carries out, other parts and so on.
DisassemblyBase script file is created under Scripts file, and global variable is defined in script: being torn open
It unloads tool types, associated knocked down condition, group ID, whether be disassembled, rotating cycle, displacement, rotation angle.It is in function
Each part setting trigger event for needing to dismount.Write the classification that function judges tool, condition that setting disassembly is completed and
Reminding language.
Write the classification of script Disassemblytools setting dismantling device.For general hydraulic primary element, one
As using multiple specifications allen wrench and monkey wrench disassembly can be completed.In script, the Chinese name of tool is defined
Claim, such as allen wrench: private string GetStringNameByEnum (ToolsType mType) { switch
(mType) { case ToolsType.InnerHexagonSpanner6:return " interior hexagonal pulls (6m) ".Enum is enumerated in setting
ToolsType enumerates the tool of needs, and the function of diverter tool is arranged.
By the way of touching and clicking rotary viewing angle, main view point and secondary viewpoint is made to be combined with each other, allows the showing of element
It is more three-dimensional.DispointView script file is created under Scripts file, setting variable respectively indicates the rotation of camera lens
Angle, rotation speed, the initial and shift position of video camera and the accumulation amount of rotation.By calculating the two o'clock touched for the first time
Distance and second of distance between two points touched, if distance becomes larger, scale-up model is wanted in expression, if distance becomes smaller, expression will reduce mould
Type, being provided with zoom factor is 0.001f.The spacing of two o'clock is calculated by offset=newDistance-oldDistance
From difference complete scaling.The distance wherein scaled is local_DicScale+=0.001f*offset*scaleSpeed.
Carry out the textures of principle displaying in advance in 3DMAX, i.e., using the form simulation fluid of textures inside element
Flow process controls the timing node that UV is played according to texture coordinate, that is, UV coordinate of texture mapping, simulates fluid with this
Flow process in element runner.
Specific example is combined to describe technical principle of the invention above.These descriptions are intended merely to explain original of the invention
Reason, and shall not be construed in any way as a limitation of the scope of protection of the invention.Based on the explanation herein, those skilled in the art
Member, which does not need to pay for creative labor, can associate other specific embodiments of the invention, these modes fall within this
Within the protection scope of invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Hydraulic Elements machine & equipment and principle demonstration method, it is characterised in that following steps:
Step 1: understanding component structure, the mechanical model of element is determined
1.1) integral member is split into each part, is formed according to the inside of element, emphasis takes out the major part of element
And cellular structure, unnecessary auxiliary component and cellular structure are suitably omitted；
1.2) major part is grouped according to the component structure abstracted, after carrying out modeling assembling to every group of part,
Then each group part progress overall assembling is obtained into the mechanical model of integral member；
Step 2: being refined in 3DMAX to model, and textures landscaping treatment
2.1) mechanical model established in solidworks is saved as into the igs format that 3DMAX can be read；It will save as
The mechanical model of igs format, which imports, is used as reference model in 3DMAX, basic body is first created in 3DMAX, it is more to be converted to editable
Side shape carries out processing to basic body Model further according to reference model and makes and the consistent mould shapes of reference model；Again to obtaining
Model in hole, screw thread details refined；
2.2) the part relative position after preservation is adjusted, foundation and the consistent matching relationship of reference model, and right
Material surface carries out stick picture disposing, is modified using the UVW textures editing machine in 3DMAX to the mapping coordinates of model, wherein
Each part of different location uses different texturing, and is named preservation to each part and overall model, and
It is stored in the resource folder Assets carried in Unity3D with the format of FBX, Unity3D will be automatically imported corresponding three
Dimension module and corresponding textures file；
2.3) it in principle demonstration, needs to simulate the case where fluid flows in the component, the form of textures is used in 3DMAX
The fluid in runner is simulated, is filled runner with textures, is equally also introduced into the resource folder carried in Unity3D
In Assets, as long as controlling the UV coordinate of textures in principle demonstration roll textures, pass through control mapping coordinates variation
Time point realizes that demonstration fluid flows in runner；
Design is interacted step 3: element is imported in unity3D
3.1) Project file is created in unity3D, and with the name nominating file of element, create in Project file
Build Model model file folder, Prefabs precast body file, Materials material file folder, Scripts script file folder；
The model file of the FBX format saved in resource folder Assets is imported in Model model file folder, by the material of textures
Ball is imported into Materials material file folder；
3.2) model is integrally dragged in the scene frame in software interface, sets precast body for the overall model of element, protected
There are in Prefabs precast body file；The ID that an empty body is named as the scene is established, model is dragged in empty body and is worked as
In；In addition it resettles an empty body and is named as StepController, for the script of carry control element dismounting sequence；
3.3) one configuration list file of TXT document preparation is used, tool used in configuration dismounting inside configuration list file, and root
The relative position being moved to required for each part of element when determining dismounting according to the part coordinate in the scene of model, is executing
It is traversed when dismounting according to the sequence in allocation list, achievees the purpose that linearly to dismount；
3.4) it writes the function that script file realizes dismounting: trigger event being set for each part and writes script, in script
Define global variable；It writes whether function judgment component can be disassembled respectively again, judges the classification of tool, setting disassembly is completed
Condition and reminding language.
2. a kind of method of Hydraulic Elements machine & equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1.2)
In modeling method are as follows: draw the cross sectional shape of major part first with draft mode in solidworks, recycle stretch,
Cut off, scan, the functions such as setting-out edit the shape of part, preservation then is named to part；By part when assembly
It successively imports by correct assemble sequence, using the position of the matching relationships constraint part such as coincidence, conllinear, concentric, finally names
Save the mechanical model for just obtaining simplified element.
3. a kind of method of Hydraulic Elements machine & equipment according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the step
1.3) global variable in includes extracting tool type, associated knocked down condition, group ID, rotating cycle, displacement, rotation angle
Degree.
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| CN110111630A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-09 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学士官学校 | Analogy method, device and the electronic equipment of device assembling training |
| CN110111630B (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2021-03-02 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学士官学校 | Simulation method and device for device assembly training and electronic equipment |
| CN110673845A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-01-10 | 广东工业大学 | Development method and system for dismounting software |
| CN113593314A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-02 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Equipment virtual disassembly and assembly training system and training method thereof |
| CN113593314B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2023-10-20 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Equipment virtual disassembly and assembly training system and training method thereof |
| CN111832170A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-27 | 重庆大学 | WebGL-based three-dimensional model assembling method, system and related device |
| CN112257201A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-22 | 山西平阳煤机装备有限责任公司 | Three-dimensional design method for lap joint of bending pieces of front big foot of hydraulic support base |
| CN112257201B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-09-16 | 山西平阳煤机装备有限责任公司 | Three-dimensional design method for lap joint of bending pieces of front big foot of hydraulic support base |
| CN114415624A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-29 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Simulation test system of electro-hydraulic controller |
| CN114415624B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2024-04-19 | 煤科(北京)检测技术有限公司 | Simulation test system of electrohydraulic controller |
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