CN109520922A - A kind of test device and test method of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient - Google Patents
A kind of test device and test method of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- CN109520922A CN109520922A CN201811601382.8A CN201811601382A CN109520922A CN 109520922 A CN109520922 A CN 109520922A CN 201811601382 A CN201811601382 A CN 201811601382A CN 109520922 A CN109520922 A CN 109520922A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
- G01L5/0042—Force sensors associated with force applying means applying a torque
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
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Abstract
The invention discloses the test devices and test method of a kind of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient, it is complicated that it solves bolt PVvalue testing process in the prior art, the big problem of equipment occupation space, with reduction testing cost, the simple beneficial effect of test device structure, scheme are as follows: a kind of test method of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient, including support frame, threaded hole is arranged in support frame, and bolt to be measured can cooperate with threaded hole；Multiple foil gauges, can fit in bolt light rod circumferential direction to be measured direction, and the lead of foil gauge passes through the fairlead set on support frame；Data acquisition element, data acquisition element are individually connect with multiple foil gauges；Nut can cooperate with bolt to be measured and lock bolt to be measured and support frame.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wind-powered electricity generation application fields, more particularly to the test device of a kind of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient
And test method.
Background technique
The method of general at present test torque coefficient of bolt, coefficient of friction is using threaded fastener analysis of experiments system
System, bolt and fixture are installed in testing equipment, and one end applies torque M to nutA, measured by torque-angular transducer
Total screw-down torque M of boltA；The other end measures torque (i.e. threading force suffered by screw rod by torque-axle power compound sensor
Square MG) and bolt axle power FM, torque coefficient, coefficient of friction then is calculated using formula.Since the space of equipment is limited,
Pre-fastening moment also has the upper limit, and the bolt maximum specification that threaded fastener analysis of experiments system can be analyzed has the upper limit, Er Qiexu
Suitable fixture is processed according to the requirement of equipment, in-site installation environment cannot be simulated well.
Therefore, it is necessary to the test methods to a kind of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient to carry out new researching and designing.
Summary of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of test of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient dresses
It sets, may not need threaded fastener analysis of experiments system, so that it may measure the coefficient of friction and torque coefficient of bolt, test process letter
Folk prescription is just.
A kind of concrete scheme of the test device of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient is as follows:
A kind of test device of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient, comprising:
Threaded hole is arranged in support frame, support frame, and bolt to be measured can cooperate with threaded hole；
Multiple foil gauges can fit in bolt light rod circumferential direction to be measured direction, and the lead of foil gauge, which passes through, is set to support frame
Fairlead；
Data acquisition element, data acquisition element are individually connect with multiple foil gauges；
Nut can cooperate with bolt to be measured and lock bolt to be measured and support frame.
Above-mentioned test device can be fixed bolt and support frame by nut by the setting of support frame, in this way can be more
Stick on and close bolted practical tightening state, avoids from threaded fastener analysis of experiments system to common pre- clamping tool
The error of generation can provide the use parameter of pre- clamping tool directly against bolted practical fastener cycle.
Further, foil gauge is fitted in the polished rod of bolt for convenience, support frame as described above is equipped with upper connector under
Connector, two connectors are detachably connected by screw thread or buckle, and the fairlead is set to upper connector, and fairlead can
It is arranged multiple or one, and gasket is set, support frame is frame shape between nut and upper connector.
Further, the foil gauge is evenly arranged in the section of bolt, and foil gauge is three axis, 45 ° of foil gauges, answers in this way
The principal tensile stress σ that bolt is subject to can be measured by becoming piecea, bending stress σb, shearing stress in torsion power τt, shear stress τs, respectively correspond spiral shell
Axle power that bolt is subject to, moment of flexure, four kinds of torque, shearing force load, data acquisition element is deformeter.
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention also provides the tests of a kind of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient
Method, using the test device.
Further, test method includes the following steps:
Bolt to be measured is inserted into threaded hole；
Select multiple measuring points in the side of bolt to be measured, be respectively mounted a foil gauge at each measuring point, each foil gauge with
Data acquisition element connection；
Bolt to be measured is fastened by nut；
The principal tensile stress σ that bolt is subject to is measured by foil gaugeaWith shearing stress in torsion power τt, pass through principal tensile stress σaIt calculates
The axle power F being subject to boltM, pass through shearing stress in torsion power τtThe screw thread torque M that bolt is subject to is calculatedG, it is subject to by bolt
Axle power FMWith screw thread torque MGObtain bolt friction coefficient μGAnd torque coefficient.
Above-mentioned test method is not necessarily to threaded fastener analysis of experiments system, so that it may measure the coefficient of friction and torque of bolt
Coefficient only needs data acquisition element, support frame that can carry out testing experiment, greatly reduces testing cost；Due to without making
With threaded fastener analysis of experiments system, the testing experiment can any place complete any specification bolt coefficient of friction and
Torque coefficient test, has wide practical use in practice in engineering.
Further, the bolt friction coefficient μGIt calculates according to the following formula:
MG=FM(0.16·P+0.58·d2·μG) (3)
Wherein, d is bolt large diameter, d2For bolt central diameter, P is the screw pitch of bolt.
Further, the torque coefficient obtains according to the following formula:
The torque coefficient obtains according to the following formula:
Wherein, MAFor total screw-down torque.
Further, nut moment of friction M is obtained by following formulaKWith nut friction coefficient μK:
MA=MG+MK (5)
Wherein, MGFor screw thread torque, MKFor nut moment of friction, DKmFor nut supporting surface average diameter.
Further, bolt to be measured is fastened using calibrated wrench method, and is determined by the ideal torque value of torque wrench
Total screw-down torque M that bolt is subject toA。
Further, the circumferencial direction in bolt to be determined setting section takes tetra- measuring points of A, B, C, D, and carries out to measuring point
It marks, the angle between two neighboring point is 90 °, and the foil gauge is pasted by -45 °, 0 ° ,+45 ° of directions by every place.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) present invention, can be by demarcating so that answering by the shearing stress in torsion power and principal tensile stress power of strain built-in testing bolt
The measuring accuracy for becoming piece is higher than torque/axial force sensor.
It 2), can be with the essence of hoisting tool Tightening moment by calibration when the present invention carries out bolt fastening using pre- clamping tool
Degree passes through the repeatedly multiple stability twisted to guarantee pre- clamping tool output torque；To promote nut coefficient of friction and torque coefficient
Precision；Simultaneously can more be bonded bolted practical tightening state, avoid from threaded fastener analysis of experiments system to
The error generated between common pre- clamping tool, can provide the use of pre- clamping tool directly against bolted practical fastener cycle
Parameter.
3) it when the present invention carries out bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient test, is limited without space, any work can be used
Dress, and simulate the environment for being bolted working site.
4) method provided by the invention limits, especially for big specification when testing related coefficient without bolt specification
Bolt can carry out the test of arbitrarily large sized bolt.
Detailed description of the invention
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its explanation are not constituted an undue limitation on the present application for explaining the application.
Fig. 1 is bolt foil gauge sticking position schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 (a) is bolt specified cross-section foil gauge patch schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 (b) is foil gauge patch schematic diagram in certain point of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is test device schematic diagram of the present invention；
In figure, 1. bolts to be measured, 2. nuts, 3. washers, 4. upper connectors, 5. lower connectors, 6. fairleads.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
As background technique is introduced, the deficiencies in the prior art, in order to solve technical problem as above, this Shen
It please propose the test method of a kind of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient.
In a kind of typical embodiment of the application, as shown in figure 3, a kind of survey of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient
Trial assembly is set, including support frame, and threaded hole is arranged in support frame, and bolt 1 to be measured can cooperate with threaded hole；Multiple foil gauges, can
1 polished rod circumferential direction direction of bolt to be measured is fitted in, the lead of foil gauge passes through the fairlead 6 set on support frame；Data acquisition element,
Data acquisition element is individually connect with multiple foil gauges；Nut 2 can cooperate with bolt to be measured by bolt 1 to be measured and branch
Support locking.
Support frame is equipped with upper connector 4 and lower connector 5, and two connectors are detachably connected by screw thread or buckle, and
The fairlead 6 is set to upper connector 4.
Shown in Fig. 2 (b), foil gauge is three axis, 45 ° of foil gauges, and such foil gauge can measure the principal tensile stress that bolt is subject to
σa, bending stress σb, shearing stress in torsion power τt, shear stress τs, respectively correspond axle power, moment of flexure, torque, shearing force that bolt is subject to
Four kinds of load, data acquisition element are deformeter.
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention also provides the tests of a kind of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient
Method, using the test device.
Further, test method includes the following steps:
Bolt 1 to be measured is inserted into threaded hole；
Multiple measuring points are selected in the side of bolt 1 to be measured, multiple measuring points are evenly arranged, as shown in Fig. 2 (a), in each survey
It is respectively mounted a foil gauge at point, each foil gauge is connect with data acquisition element；In the circumference side in bolt to be determined setting section
To taking tetra- measuring points of A, B, C, D, and measuring point is marked, the angle between two neighboring point is 90 °, every place by -45 °,
0 ° ,+45 ° of directions paste the foil gauge.
Bolt 1 to be measured is fastened by nut 2, washer 3；
The principal tensile stress σ that bolt is subject to is measured by foil gaugeaWith shearing stress in torsion power τt, pass through principal tensile stress σaIt calculates
The axle power F being subject to boltM, pass through shearing stress in torsion power τtThe screw thread torque M that bolt is subject to is calculatedG, it is subject to by bolt
Axle power FMWith screw thread torque MGObtain bolt friction coefficient μGAnd torque coefficient.
Bolt friction coefficient μGIt calculates according to the following formula:
MG=FM(0.16·P+0.58·d2·μG) (3)
Wherein, d is bolt large diameter, d2For bolt central diameter, P is the screw pitch of bolt, is calculated according to formula (1) and obtains threading force
Square MG, bolt friction coefficient μ is being obtained according to formula (2), (3)G。
Torque coefficient obtains according to the following formula:
MA=MG+MK (5)
Wherein, MAFor total screw-down torque, MGFor screw thread torque, MKFor nut moment of friction, DKmIt is average straight for nut supporting surface
Diameter, μKFor nut coefficient of friction, nut moment of friction M is obtained according to formula (4)K, nut then, which is obtained, further according to formula (5) rubs
Wipe coefficient μK。
Bolt 1 to be measured is fastened using calibrated wrench method, and by the ideal torque value of torque wrench determine bolt by
Total screw-down torque MA。
Strain gauging strain precision can reach 0.05%, due to being influenced by patch, sample material and structure etc., to guarantee
Surface stress is measured as a result, it is desirable to demarcate to the bolt for posting foil gauge.As shown in Table 1 and Table 2, according to calibration result,
The duplicate measurements precision of measurement point surface principal tensile stress and shearing stress in torsion power is within ± 3% in the test process.
1 one groups of bolt principal tensile stress nominal datas of table
2 one groups of bolt shearing stress in torsion power nominal datas of table
Bolt is fastened using calibrated wrench method, determines that bolt was subject to always tightens by the ideal torque value of torque wrench
Torque MA, as shown in table 3.
The ideal torque value of 3 torque wrench of table
| Oil pressure bar | Screw-down torque theoretical value/N*m |
| 0 | 0 |
| 50 | 328 |
| 100 | 650 |
| 120 | 745 |
| 150 | 960 |
| 180 | 1140 |
| 200 | 1270 |
| 235 | 1490 |
Torque coefficient, PVvalue testing are carried out to 3 M30, test result is as shown in table 5, after the completion of preload, torque system
Number is 0.12 to 0.133, and thread friction coefficient is 0.045 to 0.54, and nut coefficient of friction is 0.126 to 0.141.
The coefficient of friction of 5 bolt of table, torque coefficient calculated result
By test and calculating process it is found that the accuracy of thread friction coefficient only strained built-in testing precision influences, with
Torque wrench precision is unrelated；And not only strained precision influences for nut coefficient of friction and torque coefficient, also by torque wrench essence
Degree influences.
To sum up, in the examples described above, table 1, table 2 illustrate the measuring accuracy of foil gauge, and table 3, table 4 illustrate test and meter
The bolt parameter and tool parameters used during calculating, table 5 illustrate test result.Obviously, the result of above-mentioned example is successfully
Illustrate that method therefor of the embodiment of the present invention is reliable, precision is higher, and the bolt coefficient of friction established with this and torque coefficient
Test method can be used for the Common Testing of bolt.
The foregoing is merely preferred embodiment of the present application, are not intended to limit this application, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, various changes and changes are possible in this application.Within the spirit and principles of this application, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of test device of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient characterized by comprising
Threaded hole is arranged in support frame, support frame, and bolt to be measured can cooperate with threaded hole；
Multiple foil gauges, can fit in bolt light rod circumferential direction to be measured direction, and the lead of foil gauge passes through drawing set on support frame
String holes；
Data acquisition element, data acquisition element are individually connect with multiple foil gauges；
Nut can cooperate with bolt to be measured and lock bolt to be measured and support frame.
2. the test device of a kind of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Support frame is equipped with upper connector and lower connector, and two connectors are detachably connected by screw thread or buckle, and the lead
Hole is set to upper connector.
3. the test device of a kind of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Foil gauge is three axis, 45 ° of strain rosettes.
4. a kind of test method of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient, which is characterized in that using any one of claim 1-3
The test device.
5. the test method of a kind of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient according to claim 4, which is characterized in that including
Following steps:
Bolt to be measured is inserted into threaded hole；
Multiple measuring points are selected in the side of bolt to be measured, a foil gauge, each foil gauge and data are respectively mounted at each measuring point
Acquisition elements connection；
Bolt to be measured is fastened by nut；
The principal tensile stress σ that bolt is subject to is measured by foil gaugeaWith shearing stress in torsion power τt, pass through principal tensile stress σaSpiral shell is calculated
The axle power F that bolt is subject toM, pass through shearing stress in torsion power τtThe screw thread torque M that bolt is subject to is calculatedG, the axle power that is subject to by bolt
FMWith screw thread torque MGObtain bolt friction coefficient μGAnd torque coefficient.
6. the test method of a kind of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described
Bolt friction coefficient μGIt calculates according to the following formula:
MG=FM(0.16·P+0.58·d2·μG) (3)
Wherein, d is bolt large diameter, d2For bolt central diameter, P is the screw pitch of bolt.
7. the test method of a kind of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described
Torque coefficient obtains according to the following formula:
Wherein, MAFor total screw-down torque.
8. the test method of a kind of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient according to claim 7, which is characterized in that pass through
Following formula obtains nut moment of friction MKWith nut friction coefficient μK:
MA=MG+MK (5)
Wherein, MGFor screw thread torque, MKFor nut moment of friction, DKmFor nut supporting surface average diameter.
9. the test method of a kind of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient according to claim 7, which is characterized in that use
Calibrated wrench method fastens bolt to be measured, and determines total screw-down torque that bolt is subject to by the ideal torque value of torque wrench
MA。
10. the test method of a kind of bolt coefficient of friction and torque coefficient according to claim 5, which is characterized in that
The circumferencial direction in bolt to be determined setting section takes tetra- measuring points of A, B, C, D, and measuring point is marked, every place by -45 °,
0 ° ,+45 ° of directions paste the foil gauge.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811601382.8A CN109520922B (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2018-12-26 | Testing device and testing method for bolt friction coefficient and torque coefficient |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811601382.8A CN109520922B (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2018-12-26 | Testing device and testing method for bolt friction coefficient and torque coefficient |
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| CN109520922B CN109520922B (en) | 2021-06-18 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110702513A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-17 | 吉林大学 | Test measurement method for large-strain-range hardening curve of metal bar |
| CN114689233A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-07-01 | 中国航天标准化研究所 | Method for determining mounting torque of threaded fastener |
| KR20220115479A (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2022-08-17 | 한양대학교 에리카산학협력단 | System and method for predicting bolt fatigue life using artificial intelligence |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110702513A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-17 | 吉林大学 | Test measurement method for large-strain-range hardening curve of metal bar |
| CN110702513B (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-06-18 | 吉林大学 | Test measurement method for large-strain-range hardening curve of metal bar |
| KR20220115479A (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2022-08-17 | 한양대학교 에리카산학협력단 | System and method for predicting bolt fatigue life using artificial intelligence |
| KR102462127B1 (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2022-11-03 | 한양대학교 에리카산학협력단 | System and method for predicting bolt fatigue life using artificial intelligence |
| CN114689233A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-07-01 | 中国航天标准化研究所 | Method for determining mounting torque of threaded fastener |
| CN114689233B (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2024-03-08 | 中国航天标准化研究所 | Method for determining installation torque of threaded fastener |
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|---|---|
| CN109520922B (en) | 2021-06-18 |
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