CN109518547B - Steel rail noise reduction damper, manufacturing and mounting method thereof and vibration and noise reduction method - Google Patents
Steel rail noise reduction damper, manufacturing and mounting method thereof and vibration and noise reduction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109518547B CN109518547B CN201811465765.7A CN201811465765A CN109518547B CN 109518547 B CN109518547 B CN 109518547B CN 201811465765 A CN201811465765 A CN 201811465765A CN 109518547 B CN109518547 B CN 109518547B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B19/00—Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B19/00—Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
- E01B19/003—Means for reducing the development or propagation of noise
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Abstract
The invention discloses a steel rail noise reduction damper, a manufacturing and installing method thereof and a vibration and noise reduction method. The steel rail noise reduction damper comprises a resonance plate, an elastic damping layer, a connecting body and a mounting plate, one end of the mounting plate and one end of the resonance plate are connected to the side face of the connecting body, and the elastic damping layer is filled between the resonance plate and the mounting plate and between two adjacent layers of the resonance plate. The other ends of the mounting plate and the resonance plate are suspended to form a cantilever beam structure. The damper is connected on the steel rail, so that the mass layers/constraint layers of the damper are in rigid connection and elastic connection, the vibration of the steel rail is rapidly transmitted and transferred to the constraint layers of the damper through the rigid connection, and the damper is subjected to resonance deformation, so that the steel rail is subjected to vibration reduction and noise reduction. The invention can play a better vibration and noise reduction effect, has a safer and more reliable installation mode, can mix and match dampers with different performance parameters according to requirements, can further increase the number of resonance frequencies, and broadens vibration and noise reduction frequency bands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit steel rail vibration reduction and noise reduction.
Background
For the rail transit with the speed per hour below 250km/h, wheel-rail noise accounts for the main part of the noise of the rail transit, and the wheel-rail noise mainly consists of rolling noise, impact noise and whistling noise. The adoption of an elastic wheel or a wheel noise reduction damping vibration absorber can basically control the squeal noise and the wheel radiation noise; with the ultra-long seamless track, the wheel-rail impact noise is also basically controlled, and thus the rolling noise becomes a main component in the wheel-rail noise. Noise and vibration are linearly related within the frequency range of 500-2500 Hz, and the steel rail is a main radiator of the noise within the range, so that the vibration of the steel rail is inhibited, the sound radiation of the steel rail is reduced, and the noise reduction of a track line plays a key role. At present, the vibration isolation measures under the rail are mature, the vibration transmitted to the ground base by the rail is greatly reduced, but the vibration and the radiation noise of the steel rail caused by the irregularity of the rail are not substantially improved. The low-rigidity rail lower base plate increases the distance of the vibration of the steel rail transmitted along the steel rail, so that the noise generated by the steel rail is increased; the adoption of the lower rail pad plate with higher rigidity can reduce the noise of the steel rail, but also increase the noise of the sleeper. If the noise reduction damper is added to the steel rail supported by the soft cushion plate, the attenuation rate of vibration along the steel rail can be increased, the noise of the sleeper can not be increased, and an obvious noise reduction effect can be achieved. How to more effectively reduce the vibration and radiation noise of the steel rail is a technical problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
At present, the steel rail noise control measures are mainly divided into two modes of a restraint damping plate and a dynamic vibration absorber. The utility model discloses a rail damping bump leveller, including interconnect's restraint component and dynamic vibration absorber, the dynamic vibration absorber is under, and the restraint component is last, and the cavity shape that restraint component and dynamic vibration absorber constitute after the connection corresponds with the surface shape of the rail web of rail and rail wing, the junction of dynamic vibration absorber and restraint component is protruding and recess of mutually supporting, and the inner chamber of bellied outline and recess is trapezoidal. The dynamic vibration absorption multilayer constrained damping steel rail silencer with the application number of CN200610023902.2 comprises a high-elasticity energy consumption material layer, a first mass layer, a first damping layer, a first constrained layer, a second damping layer, a second constrained layer, a third damping layer, a third constrained layer and a protective layer from inside to outside. The first mass layer, the three groups of damping layers and the constraint layer form the distributed mass of the dynamic vibration absorber and can also be used as three-layer constraint damping to reduce the vibration deformation of the distributed mass.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a steel rail noise reduction damper, a manufacturing and mounting method thereof and a vibration and noise reduction method, which can effectively reduce steel rail vibration and radiation noise.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a steel rail noise reduction damper comprises a resonance plate, an elastic damping layer, a connecting body and a mounting plate, wherein one end of the mounting plate is connected to the top of the side face of the connecting body; an elastic damping layer is filled between the resonance plate and the mounting plate.
The mounting plate and the resonance plate are horizontally arranged, and the other ends of the mounting plate and the resonance plate are suspended in the air to form a cantilever beam structure; the left side and the right side of the connecting body are both connected with a mounting plate and a resonance plate, the mounting plates on the left side and the right side of the connecting body are symmetrically arranged, and the resonance plates on the left side and the right side of the connecting body are symmetrically arranged; the resonance plate, the connecting body and the mounting plate form an integral metal framework; the resonance plate and the elastic damping layer are respectively provided with more than two layers; an elastic damping layer is filled between any two adjacent layers of the resonance plates; the plurality of layers of resonator plates and the plurality of layers of elastic damping layers are alternately arranged, and the lowest layer is the resonator plate.
The mounting plate, the connecting body and the resonance plate are made of metal materials; the elastic damping layer is made of damping materials, and the base material of the elastic damping layer is rubber or asphalt; the filling mode of the elastic damping layer is high-temperature vulcanization bonding molding, injection molding at natural environment temperature or layered bonding molding; the number of the layers of the elastic damping layers is the same as that of the resonance plate, and the other end of the mounting plate extends out of the other end of the resonance plate; the mounting plate and the resonance plate are both rectangular long steel plates; the middle part and the end part of the mounting plate are provided with through holes or are not provided with through holes; the connector is provided with a through hole or is not provided with a through hole;
the forming mode of the integral metal framework is that long steel plates and short steel plates are alternately arranged and welded to form or integrally cast to form; during welding forming, the mounting plates on two sides of the connecting body are integral long steel plates which belong to the same penetrating connecting body, the resonance plates on the same layer on two sides of the connecting body are integral long steel plates which belong to the same penetrating connecting body, and a short steel plate is connected between any two adjacent long steel plates.
The steel rail noise reduction dampers are arranged at the bottom of the steel rail, the upper surfaces of two sides of the bottom of the steel rail or two sides of the rail web of the steel rail;
the connection mode of the steel rail noise reduction damper and the steel rail bottom is any one of the following four modes:
the first method comprises the following steps: the mounting plate of the steel rail noise reduction damper is bonded on the steel rail through an adhesive;
and the second method comprises the following steps: the steel rail noise reduction damper also comprises clamps, the end parts of the mounting plates and the connecting bodies of the steel rail noise reduction dampers are clamped and fixed at the bottom of the steel rail through the clamps, and the number of the clamps of each steel rail noise reduction damper is two or three;
and the third is that: one side edge of the mounting plate is bent into a U shape and is mounted in a matching way with one side edge of the bottom of the steel rail; the other side edge of the mounting plate is bent into an L shape and provided with a threaded hole, and the steel rail noise reduction damper is fixed on the steel rail through a bolt with a conical end part, or the other side edge of the mounting plate is bent into an L shape and provided with a rectangular unthreaded hole, and the steel rail noise reduction damper is fixed on the steel rail through a rectangular bolt with a trapezoid end part;
and fourthly: the bottom of the steel rail is provided with a threaded mounting hole, the end part of the mounting plate of the noise-reducing damper of the steel rail and the connector are provided with through holes, and the noise-reducing damper of the steel rail is mounted at the bottom of the steel rail through screws.
When the steel rail noise reduction damper is arranged longitudinally along the steel rail, the steel rail noise reduction damper is a steel rail longitudinal damper; the mounting structure of the longitudinal damper of the steel rail is any one of the following three types:
the first method comprises the following steps: a steel rail longitudinal damper is arranged at the bottom of the steel rail between two adjacent sleepers, and a resonance plate and an elastic damping layer are arranged on the left side and the right side of a steel rail longitudinal damper connecting body; the resonance plates and the elastic damping layers on the left side and the right side of the connecting body adopt structures with the same parameters, and the parameters comprise the number of layers of the resonance plates, the thickness and the length of each layer and the number of layers of the elastic damping layers;
and the second method comprises the following steps: a steel rail longitudinal damper is arranged at the bottom of the steel rail between two adjacent sleepers, and a resonance plate and an elastic damping layer are arranged on the left side and the right side of a steel rail longitudinal damper connecting body; the left side and the right side of the connecting body adopt structures with two different parameters, the left side of the connecting body is provided with two layers of resonance plates and two layers of elastic damping layers, and the right side of the connecting body is provided with three layers of resonance plates and three layers of damping layers;
and the third is that: two longitudinal steel rail dampers with the same or different specifications are symmetrically arranged along the central vertical plane of the steel rail, and the two longitudinal steel rail dampers are two separated bodies or an integral body sharing one mounting plate.
When the steel rail noise reduction damper is transversely arranged along the steel rail, the steel rail noise reduction damper is a steel rail transverse damper; a plurality of steel rail transverse dampers are arranged at the bottoms of different cross sections of the steel rails between two adjacent sleepers, the plurality of steel rail transverse dampers are of structures with one or more parameters, and the parameters comprise the number of layers, the thickness and the length of each layer of the resonance plate and the number of layers, the thickness and the length of each layer of the elastic damping layer;
when the plurality of steel rail transverse dampers are of two structures with different parameters, the steel rail transverse dampers comprise a first steel rail transverse damper and a second steel rail transverse damper, and the first steel rail transverse damper comprises a first mounting plate, a first resonance plate, a first connecting body and a first elastic damping layer; the second steel rail transverse damper comprises a second mounting plate, a second resonance plate, a second connecting body and a second elastic damping layer;
the resonant plate and the elastic damping layer of the first steel rail transverse damper are respectively provided with two layers; the resonant plate and the elastic damping layer of the second steel rail transverse damper are respectively provided with three layers; the thickness of the first resonance plate is larger than that of the second resonance plate; the first steel rail transverse damper and the second steel rail transverse damper are arranged on the steel rail in a staggered mode;
the first rail cross dampers are mounted at 1/4 and 3/4 of the longitudinal length of the rail between the ties and the second rail cross dampers are mounted at 2/4 of the longitudinal length of the rail between the ties.
A manufacturing and mounting method of a steel rail noise reduction damper comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the modal vibration shape of the steel rail and the vibration distribution of each position of the steel rail when an actual line runs, finding out the position with the most prominent main vibration direction and amplitude of the steel rail, and determining the installation position and the working direction of the noise reduction damper of the steel rail; taking the vertical direction as a main vibration direction and taking the rail bottom part as an installation position;
step two: determining the natural frequency parameters of the steel rail noise reduction damper according to the main frequency of vibration noise of the steel rail and the modal frequency of each order of the steel rail when the train passes through in an actual line;
step three: determining the number of layers, the length, the thickness, the mass and the material of the resonance plate and the number of layers, the length, the thickness and the elastic modulus of the elastic damping layer according to the natural frequency requirement of the steel rail noise reduction damper, the main order modal mass of the steel rail and the size of a rail bottom installation space;
step four: determining the optimal damping loss factor of the elastic damping material;
step five: determining the specific structure and material of the steel rail noise reduction damper;
step six: the method for manufacturing the steel rail noise reduction damper specifically comprises the following steps:
s51, manufacturing the integral metal framework, wherein the integral metal framework is molded in any one of the following two modes: firstly, welding a mounting plate, a connecting body and a resonance plate into an integral metal framework; secondly, integral casting molding;
s52, filling the elastic damping layer to finish the manufacture of the steel rail noise reduction damper;
step seven: installing the rail noise reduction damper, installing the rail noise reduction damper at the bottom of the rail, wherein the installation mode adopts any one of the following four types:
the first method comprises the following steps: directly bonding the mounting plate of the steel rail noise reduction damper on the steel rail by adopting an adhesive;
and the second method comprises the following steps: clamping and fixing the end part of the mounting plate of the steel rail noise reduction damper and the connecting body at the bottom of the steel rail by adopting a clamp;
and the third is that: bending one side edge of the mounting plate into a U shape and installing the mounting plate in a matched manner with one side edge of the bottom of the steel rail; bending the other side edge of the mounting plate into an L shape and forming a threaded hole, and fixing the steel rail noise reduction damper on the steel rail through a bolt with a conical end part, or bending the other side edge of the mounting plate into an L shape and forming a rectangular unthreaded hole, wherein the steel rail noise reduction damper is fixed on the steel rail through a rectangular bolt with a trapezoid end part;
and fourthly: the bottom of the steel rail is provided with a threaded mounting hole, the two ends of the mounting plate of the steel rail noise reduction damper and the connector are provided with through holes, and the steel rail noise reduction damper is mounted at the bottom of the steel rail through screws;
step eight: and verifying the vibration and noise reduction effect to complete the manufacture and installation of the steel rail noise reduction damper.
The filling mode of the elastic damping layer is high-temperature vulcanization bonding molding, injection molding at natural environment temperature or layered bonding molding;
when the steel rail noise reduction damper is arranged longitudinally along the steel rail, the steel rail noise reduction damper is a steel rail longitudinal damper; the mounting structure of the longitudinal damper of the steel rail is any one of the following three types:
the first method comprises the following steps: a steel rail longitudinal damper is arranged at the bottom of the steel rail between two adjacent sleepers, and a resonance plate and an elastic damping layer are arranged on the left side and the right side of a steel rail longitudinal damper connecting body; the left and right resonance plates and the elastic damping layer of the connector adopt the structure with the same parameters, and the parameters comprise the number of layers of the resonance plates, the thickness and the length of each layer and the elastic damping layer;
and the second method comprises the following steps: a steel rail longitudinal damper is arranged at the bottom of the steel rail between two adjacent sleepers, and a resonance plate and an elastic damping layer are arranged on the left side and the right side of a steel rail longitudinal damper connecting body; the left side and the right side of the connecting body adopt structures with two different parameters, the left side of the connecting body is provided with two layers of resonance plates and two layers of elastic damping layers, and the right side of the connecting body is provided with three layers of resonance plates and three layers of damping layers;
and the third is that: two longitudinal steel rail dampers with the same or different specifications are symmetrically arranged along the central vertical plane of the steel rail, and the two longitudinal steel rail dampers are two separated bodies or an integral body sharing one mounting plate;
when the steel rail noise reduction damper is transversely arranged along the steel rail, the steel rail noise reduction damper is a steel rail transverse damper; a plurality of steel rail transverse dampers are arranged at the bottoms of different cross sections of the steel rails between two adjacent sleepers, the plurality of steel rail transverse dampers are of structures with one or more parameters, and the parameters comprise the number of layers, the thickness and the length of each layer of the resonance plate and the number of layers, the thickness and the length of each layer of the elastic damping layer;
when the plurality of steel rail transverse dampers are of two structures with different parameters, the steel rail transverse dampers comprise a first steel rail transverse damper and a second steel rail transverse damper, and the first steel rail transverse damper and the second steel rail transverse damper are arranged on the steel rail in a staggered mode;
the first rail cross dampers are mounted at 1/4 and 3/4 of the longitudinal length of the rail between the ties and the second rail cross dampers are mounted at 2/4 of the longitudinal length of the rail between the ties.
A vibration damping and noise reduction method is characterized in that a damper is connected to a steel rail, and the damper adopts a multi-layer multi-degree-of-freedom structure, so that a mass layer and/or a constraint layer of the damper are in rigid connection and elastic connection; through rigid connection, the vibration of the steel rail is rapidly transmitted and transferred to each constraint layer of the damper, so that the damper generates resonance deformation, and vibration and noise reduction is performed on the steel rail.
The steel rail noise reduction damper is adopted for vibration reduction and noise reduction;
each layer of the steel rail noise reduction damper forms a mass-spring-damping structure, and each layer can generate a plurality of bending mode vibration modes along the length direction to generate a plurality of resonance mode frequencies, and the viscoelastic damping effect of the elastic damping layer is added, so that the steel rail noise reduction damper can play a role of a multi-frequency and broadband dynamic vibration absorber;
the mounting plate, the resonance plate and the elastic damping layer of the steel rail noise reduction damper form a multilayer constraint damping structure, the resonance plate plays a role of a constraint layer, and the elastic damping layer plays a role of a damping layer;
the steel rail noise reduction dampers with different parameters are mixed and matched for use;
the total number of layers and the thickness of each layer of the resonance plate and the elastic damping layer are determined according to the modal density of the steel rail, the size of the vibration and noise reduction frequency required and the size of the mountable space at the bottom of the steel rail; the size of the bottom plate is determined according to the size of the bottom of the steel rail, and the lengths of the resonance plate and the elastic damping layer are determined according to the distance between sleepers;
when the steel rail noise reduction damper works, when a train passes through, the inherent mode of the steel rail is excited and violent vibration is generated due to the interaction of wheel rails and the surface roughness of the wheel rails; on one hand, through the dynamic vibration absorption effect, vibration energy at the main modal frequency of the steel rail is quickly transferred to each layer of resonance plate of the steel rail noise reduction damper through the mounting plate and the connecting body, so that the resonance plate is caused to resonate greatly at the modal frequency of the resonance plate, and the vibration energy of a frequency band near the modal frequency is absorbed; on the other hand, when the structure is bent and deformed, the mounting plate and the resonance plate generate relative sliding motion, the viscoelastic damping material generates shear strain to enable a part of mechanical energy to be lost, so that a constraint damping effect is generated, and the vibration energy of the steel rail, the mounting plate and the resonance plate is converted into heat energy to be dissipated; thereby improving the integral damping and longitudinal propagation vibration attenuation rate of the steel rail and achieving the purpose of reducing the vibration and radiation noise of the steel rail.
The invention provides a novel steel rail noise reduction damper structure, which can solve the defects of the existing steel rail vibration reduction and noise reduction technology, is a supplement to the prior art, can play a better vibration reduction and noise reduction effect, has a safer and more reliable installation mode, can mix and match dampers with different performance parameters according to requirements, can further increase the number of resonance frequencies, and broadens vibration reduction and noise reduction frequency bands. The invention is different from the existing steel rail shock absorber, steel rail shock absorber and multilayer constrained damping technology, innovatively adopts a cantilever beam resonance plate type structure, all the mass layers/constrained layers are in rigid connection and elastic connection, the steel rail vibration can be quickly transmitted and transferred to all the resonance plates of the damper through a rigid connector, so that most mass of the damper can be fully subjected to resonance deformation, and meanwhile, the bending elasticity of the cantilever beam of the resonance plate and the material elasticity of the damping layer are utilized, so that the number of resonance frequencies of the damper, the shock absorption frequency bandwidth and the energy transfer consumption efficiency are greatly increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the longitudinal rail damper of the present invention (1 longitudinal rail damper is installed at the bottom of a rail between two adjacent sleepers);
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the longitudinal rail damper of the present invention (1 longitudinal rail damper is installed on the bottom of the rail between two adjacent sleepers);
FIG. 3 is a schematic left side view of the rail longitudinal damper of the present invention (2 rail longitudinal dampers are installed on the bottom of the rail between two adjacent sleepers);
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of the rail longitudinal damper by a special fixture according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the installation of the longitudinal rail damper directly using the installation plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the mounting of the rail noise damper by screws under the rail of the present invention;
FIGS. 7 and 8 are schematic left side views of two different parameters of the rail transverse damper (a first rail transverse damper and a second rail transverse damper) according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic front view of the lateral rail damper of the present invention (a plurality of lateral rail dampers are mounted between two adjacent sleepers at the bottom of different cross-sections of the rail);
description of reference numerals: the damping device comprises a mounting plate 1, a resonance plate 2, a connecting body 3, an elastic damping layer 4, a steel rail 5, a sleeper 6, a clamp 7, a bolt 8 and a screw 9.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a noise reduction damper for a steel rail includes a mounting plate 1, a resonator plate 2, a connecting body 3 and an elastic damping layer 4. The left side and the right side of the connecting body are both connected with a mounting plate and a resonance plate, one end of the mounting plate is connected to the top of the side face of the connecting body, the resonance plate is positioned right below the mounting plate, and one end of the resonance plate is connected to the side face of the connecting body; an elastic damping layer is filled between the resonance plate and the mounting plate. The mounting plate and the resonance plate are horizontally or approximately horizontally arranged, and the other ends of the mounting plate and the resonance plate are suspended in the air to form a cantilever beam structure; the other end of the mounting plate extends out of the other end of the resonance plate; the mounting plates on the left side and the right side of the connecting body and the resonance plate are symmetrically arranged, and the resonance plate, the connecting body and the mounting plates form an integral metal framework; the resonance plate and the elastic damping layer are respectively provided with more than two layers; an elastic damping layer is filled between any two adjacent layers of the resonance plates; the number of layers of the elastic damping layers is the same as that of the resonance plate, the multiple layers of resonance plates and the multiple layers of elastic damping layers are alternately arranged, and the lowest layer is the resonance plate. The mounting plate is in the shape of a long steel plate, the cantilevers are arranged on two sides of the connecting body and are only of one-layer structure, and through holes can be formed in the middle and the end of the mounting plate or not formed in the middle and the end of the mounting plate according to the mounting form. The resonance plate is in the shape of a long steel plate and can be of a single-layer or multi-layer structure, and the resonance plate and the mounting plate form an integral metal framework through a connecting body. The shaping mode of whole metal framework can be long steel sheet and short steel sheet alternative arrangement and weld as an organic wholely (to the welding shaping mode, the mounting panel of connector both sides is for belonging to the whole long steel sheet that a runs through the connector with the same layer resonance board of connector both sides for belonging to the whole long steel sheet that a runs through the connector with the same, and all be connected with short steel sheet between arbitrary two adjacent long steel sheets, then weld each long steel sheet and each short steel sheet junction, the solid portion that does not have hollow interbedded after the welding constitutes the connector promptly, also can be whole casting shaping (resonance board, the connector, mounting panel integrated into one piece), and the quality part of each steel sheet interconnect is the connector promptly, the connector can be equipped with the through-hole or does not establish the through-hole according to the mounting form. Elastic damping layers are filled between the long steel plates of the whole metal framework, and the filling mode can be high-temperature vulcanization bonding forming, or injection molding or layered bonding forming at natural environment temperature.
The elastic damping layer is of a multilayer structure, and the number of layers of the elastic damping layer is the same as the total number of layers of the resonant plate. The total number of layers of the resonance plates and the elastic damping layers and the thickness of each layer are determined according to the modal density of the steel rail, the size of the vibration and noise reduction frequency required and the size of the mountable space at the bottom of the steel rail, and if the number of the vibration and noise reduction frequency required is more, the number of layers required to be designed is generally required to be more. The size of the bottom plate is determined according to the size of the bottom of the steel rail, and the lengths of the resonance cantilever plate and the elastic damping layer are determined according to the distance between sleepers.
The mounting plate and the resonator plate are typically metallic materials and are required to have sufficient bending stiffness and strength. The elastic damping layer is usually a damping material, the base material of the elastic damping layer is a polymer composite material such as rubber or asphalt and the like, the elastic damping layer has viscoelastic damping characteristics, the rubber material is required to have high damping, proper modulus, wide temperature range, good weather resistance and durability, and the rubber and the metal are required to be firmly bonded so as to ensure the reliability, the weather resistance and the vibration and noise reduction effects of the steel rail noise reduction damper.
The noise reduction damper for the steel rail is arranged at the bottom of the steel rail 5, and the mounting modes comprise the following four modes: the first mounting mode is to directly bond the mounting plate of the steel rail noise reduction damper on the steel rail through adhesive, as shown in fig. 1. The second installation mode is to install the steel rail noise reduction damper by an additional special fixture 7, as shown in fig. 4, the end part of the installation plate of the steel rail noise reduction damper and the connecting body are clamped and fixed at the bottom of the steel rail, and the number of the fixtures of each steel rail noise reduction damper is usually two or three. The third installation mode is to directly utilize the installation plate of the steel rail noise reduction damper to realize connection, as shown in fig. 5, one side edge of the installation plate is bent into a U shape to be installed in cooperation with the bottom edge of the rail, the other side edge of the installation plate is bent into an L shape to be provided with a threaded hole or a rectangular unthreaded hole, and the steel rail noise reduction damper is tightly fixed on the steel rail by matching the inclination of the upper surfaces of the two sides of the bottom of the steel rail through a bolt 8 with a conical end part or a rectangular bolt with a trapezoidal end part and applying load to the bolt or the bolt in a horizontal mode. The fourth mounting method is to drill a threaded mounting hole on the rail bottom of the steel rail in advance, and to provide through holes on the two ends of the noise reduction damper of the steel rail and the connector, and then to mount the noise reduction damper of the steel rail on the rail bottom of the steel rail by screws 9, as shown in fig. 6.
The main vibration direction of the steel rail noise reduction damper is vertical to the steel rail, but the steel rail noise reduction damper is divided into two types according to the installation direction and the position: the first is a rail longitudinal damper, which is arranged along the rail longitudinal direction, as shown in fig. 1 to 6; the second type is a rail transverse damper which is arranged along the transverse direction of the rail, as shown in fig. 7 to 9; in the second case, the resonator plate and the elastic damping layer may be provided only on one side of the connecting body.
When the cantilever direction of the resonance plate is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the steel rail, the following two schemes can be adopted: the first scheme is as follows: only 1 rail longitudinal damper can be installed at the bottom of the rail between two adjacent sleepers 6, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the two sides of the rail longitudinal damper connector are both provided with a resonance plate and an elastic damping layer structure, and the two sides can adopt structures with the same parameters (such as the number of layers, the thickness of each layer, the length and the like); if more resonance frequencies and wider vibration and noise reduction frequency bands are needed to be realized, two different parameter structures can be adopted on two sides of the connecting body, for example, one side adopts two layers of elastic damping layers of the resonance plate, and the other side adopts three layers of damping layers of the resonance plate. The first scheme is as follows: the bottom of the steel rail between two adjacent sleepers 6 can be only provided with two steel rail longitudinal dampers, and two steel rail longitudinal dampers with the same or different specifications are symmetrically arranged along the central plane of the steel rail, as shown in fig. 3, and the two steel rail longitudinal dampers can be two separated bodies or an integral body sharing one mounting plate.
When the cantilever direction of the resonator plate is transversely arranged along the steel rail, a plurality of steel rail transverse dampers can be arranged between two adjacent sleepers at the bottoms of different cross sections of the steel rail, as shown in fig. 9, and the steel rail transverse dampers can be structural schemes with one or more parameters, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the steel rail transverse dampers are damper structures with two different parameters, namely a steel rail transverse damper I and a steel rail transverse damper II, wherein the steel rail transverse damper I comprises a mounting plate I, a resonator plate I, a connecting body I and an elastic damping layer I; the second steel rail transverse damper comprises a second mounting plate, a second resonance plate, a second connecting body and a second elastic damping layer; for example, the resonant plate and the elastic damping layer in the first steel rail transverse damper have two layers respectively, and the positions of the two layers in the connecting body are close to the front; the second transverse damper for steel rail has three layers of resonant board and elastic damping layer and the two layers are in the back of the connector. The thickness of the first resonator plate is generally greater than the thickness of the second resonator plate. The first rail transverse damper and the second rail transverse damper can be arranged on the steel rail in a staggered mode and matched with each other, for example, the first rail transverse damper is arranged at 1/4 and 3/4 of the longitudinal length of the steel rail between sleepers according to the structural scheme shown in the figure 7, and the second rail transverse damper is arranged at 2/4 of the longitudinal length direction of the steel rail according to the structural scheme shown in the figure 8, so that vibration and structural sound radiation can be restrained according to multiple vertical modes of the steel rail.
The damper is connected on the steel rail and adopts a multi-layer multi-degree-of-freedom structure, so that the mass layer and/or the constraint layer of the damper are in rigid connection with the connector and elastic connection with the damping layer. Rigid connection between each layer of steel plate (quality layer and restraint layer) and the steel rail is realized through the connector, the vibration of the steel rail is rapidly transmitted and transferred to each restraint layer of the damper, the damper is subjected to resonance deformation, and the comprehensive effects of dynamic vibration absorption and restraint damping vibration absorption are utilized, so that vibration and noise of the steel rail are reduced.
The invention relates to a steel rail noise reduction damper, which is a subsystem additionally installed on a steel rail. On the one hand, the steel rail noise reduction damper is a mass-spring-damping tuned mass damping device, wherein a resonance plate plays a role in mass and bending rigidity, and an elastic damping layer plays a role in spring rigidity and damping. Because the steel rail noise reduction damper is of a multi-layer multi-degree-of-freedom structure, each layer forms a 'mass-spring-damping' structure, and each layer can generate a plurality of bending mode vibration modes along the length direction, which is equivalent to that a plurality of 'mass-spring-damping' subsystems work simultaneously, a plurality of resonance mode frequencies can be generated, and the viscoelastic damping effect of the elastic damping layer is added, so that the steel rail noise reduction damper can play a role of a multi-frequency and broadband dynamic vibration absorber; on the other hand, the mounting plate, the resonance plate and the elastic damping layer form a multilayer constrained damping structure, wherein the resonance plate plays a role of a constrained layer, and the elastic damping layer plays a role of a damping layer, so that the overall damping of the steel rail can be obviously increased.
The working performance of the steel rail noise reduction damper is as follows: when a train passes through, the inherent mode of the steel rail is excited and violent vibration is generated due to the interaction of the wheel rail and the surface roughness of the wheel rail; on one hand, through the dynamic vibration absorption effect, vibration energy at the main modal frequency of the steel rail is quickly transferred to each layer of resonance plate of the steel rail noise reduction damper through the mounting plate and the connecting body, so that the resonance plate is caused to resonate greatly at the modal frequency of the resonance plate, and the vibration energy of a frequency band near the modal frequency is absorbed; on the other hand, when the structure is bent and deformed, the mounting plate and the resonance plate generate relative sliding motion, the viscoelastic damping material generates shear strain to enable a part of mechanical energy to be lost, so that a constraint damping effect is generated, and the vibration energy of the steel rail, the mounting plate and the resonance plate is converted into heat energy to be dissipated; finally, the integral damping and longitudinal propagation vibration attenuation rate of the steel rail are obviously improved, and the aims of reducing the vibration and radiation noise of the steel rail are fulfilled.
According to the vibration and noise reduction principle, the steel rail noise reduction damper is designed and manufactured, and the main method comprises the following steps:
firstly, according to the modal vibration mode of the steel rail and the vibration distribution of each position of the steel rail when an actual line runs, the position with the most prominent main vibration direction and amplitude of the steel rail is searched, and the installation position and the working direction of the noise reduction damper of the steel rail are determined; when the steel rail runs on a straight road section and a large-curve-radius road section, the steel rail mainly bears the vertical dynamic load of the wheel, so that the vertical vibration and the radiation noise of the steel rail are greater than those of the horizontal and transverse directions, the vertical direction is taken as the main vibration direction, and the rail bottom part with large vibration displacement is taken as the mounting position in consideration of the mounting space and the mounting difficulty.
Determining the inherent frequency parameters of the damper according to the main frequency of vibration noise of the steel rail and modal frequency of each order of the steel rail when the train passes through the actual line, and matching the inherent frequency parameters with the characteristic frequency of the steel rail as much as possible;
determining the number of layers, the length, the thickness, the mass and the material of the resonance plate and the number of layers, the length, the thickness and the elastic modulus of the elastic damping layer according to the natural frequency design requirement of the damper, the main order modal mass of the steel rail and the rail bottom installation space size;
and fourthly, determining the optimal loss factor of the elastic damping material according to the design principle of dynamic vibration absorption and constrained damping, the prediction of vibration and noise reduction effects and parameter optimization.
Determining the concrete structure and material of the steel rail noise reduction damper, and verifying the vibration and noise reduction effect after the steel rail noise reduction damper is installed on the steel rail.
The steel rail longitudinal damper can be arranged outside the bottom surface of the steel rail, and can be arranged on the upper surfaces of two sides of the bottom surface of the steel rail after being modified and designed according to the outline shape of the steel rail, and the working direction is generally vertical at the moment; it can also be arranged on both sides of the web, in which case the working direction is generally transverse. But the noise reduction method, the overall design thought and the structural form of the cantilever of the resonance plate of the longitudinal damper of the steel rail can adopt the original scheme.
The steel rail noise reduction damper can be combined with the alternative scheme for use, namely, the steel rail noise reduction dampers are simultaneously arranged below the rail bottom and on two sides of the rail web; the damping device can also be matched with or combined with the prior art (such as steel rail vibration absorbers on two sides of the rail web, a multi-layer constraint damping structure and the like).
Dynamic vibration absorption refers to the absorption of the vibration energy of an object by a resonance system to reduce the vibration of the object. The constrained damping structure is a structure in which a viscoelastic damping material is bonded between a body metal plate and a constraint layer (usually a metal plate) with high rigidity, when the structure is bent and deformed, the body metal plate and the constraint layer generate relative sliding motion, and the viscoelastic damping material generates shear strain to cause part of mechanical energy to be lost. The modal damping ratio refers to the ratio of the damping coefficient to the critical damping coefficient at each order of modal frequency of the structure, and is a term describing some energy dissipation of the structure during resonance.
The following is a simple comparison of the prior art with the present invention, which is partially approached.
The first one is mainly to control the radiation of high, middle and low frequency noise and the wave generated in the steel rail vibration and running process by using composite constraint damping material and dynamic vibration absorber, and the noise is controlled from the vibration angle of sound source. The prior art has the following defects: actually, the main noise radiation frequency of the steel rail is concentrated in a medium-frequency range near 800Hz, and the actual noise reduction effect of the constrained damping is questionable; secondly, the structural rigidity of the mounting clamp which plays a role of a restraint layer is too high, and the mounting clamp and the damping material cannot be well adhered into a whole, so that the restraint damping effect is limited; the steel rail damping vibration absorber is also provided with a dynamic vibration absorbing part, but the dynamic vibration absorbing device is elastically connected with a damping layer through a steel spring, the vibration absorbing quality and the elastic element are single, the generated resonance frequency is less, the vibration absorbing frequency is single, the actual noise radiation frequency range of the steel rail is wide, and the noise of the steel rail is difficult to effectively control by the single vibration absorbing component; fourthly, because of the isolation of the damping material, the vibration of the steel rail cannot be directly and quickly transferred into the mass block, so that the vibration absorption function is limited; although the invention proposes that the resonance mass block is arranged between the bottom of the steel rail and the clamp, exact design and implementation are not given;
the second prior art mainly pastes damping layer and restrictive coating outwards in proper order by the lining on rail web of rail and the rail wing in proper order, finally forms multilayer restrictive damping, and the not enough of existence is: because the rigidity of the steel rail and the wheel is very high, and the characteristic reason of the damping material is added, even if the constraint damping is adopted, the damping value provided by the damping material still cannot achieve the optimal damping for inhibiting the vibration of the steel rail and the wheel, and only can play a certain noise reduction effect on a high-frequency band above 2kHz, but the vibration and sound radiation energy of the steel rail are mainly concentrated in 300-1500 Hz, so the vibration suppression and noise reduction effects are limited, and particularly the low-medium frequency noise reduction effect is poor;
the third prior art mainly means that the dynamic vibration absorber with the structure only adopting a deformable material and an upper mass block and a lower mass block is arranged on two sides of the rail web of the steel rail, so that the upper and lower structures can only generate one resonant frequency or two very close resonant frequencies, and the upper mass layer and the lower structure resonate together, so that the tunable frequency range is single, and the noise reduction frequency band is narrow. And because the damping material is completely isolated between the mass block and the steel rail, the vibration of the steel rail cannot be directly and quickly transferred into the mass block.
The present invention is the same as or similar to the first prior art, and includes: both are installed at the bottom of the rail; both of them have dynamic vibration absorber.
Compared with the prior art, the innovation points of the invention mainly comprise:
1. the scheme of the invention is different from the existing steel rail shock absorber, steel rail shock absorber and multilayer constrained damping technology, a cantilever beam resonance plate type structure is innovatively adopted, all quality layers/constrained layers are in rigid connection and elastic connection, and steel rail vibration can be rapidly transmitted and transferred to all layers of resonance plates of the steel rail noise reduction damper through a rigid connector, so that most of the quality of the steel rail noise reduction damper can be fully subjected to resonance deformation;
2. the steel rail noise reduction damper fully utilizes the mass characteristic, the bending elasticity and the material elasticity and the damping characteristic of the damping layer of the cantilever beam of the resonance plate, and is of a multi-layer multi-freedom-degree structure, each layer forms a mass-spring-damping structure, and each layer can generate a plurality of bending mode vibration types along the length direction, so that a plurality of mass-spring-damping subsystems work simultaneously, a plurality of resonance mode frequencies can be generated, and the viscoelastic damping effect of the elastic damping layer is added, so that the steel rail noise reduction damper can play a role of a multi-frequency and broadband dynamic vibration absorber;
3. this attenuator is fallen in rail noise's mounting panel, resonance board and elastic damping layer have constituted multilayer restraint damping structure, and wherein the resonance board plays the restraint layer effect, and the elastic damping layer plays the damping layer effect, can show the whole damping of increase rail. Therefore, the number of the resonant frequencies of the steel rail noise reduction dampers can be greatly increased, the bandwidth of the vibration absorption frequency can be widened, the steel rail incremental damping can be increased, and the energy transfer and consumption efficiency can be improved, so that the steel rail noise reduction damper has better vibration absorption and noise reduction effects, and the technical problems in the prior art (the mass layer or the constraint layer are completely isolated by the elastic damping layer, the number of the generated resonant frequencies is small, the energy cannot be sufficiently transferred to the mass layer/the constraint layer at a high speed, the vibration absorption frequency is narrow, the energy transfer consumption efficiency is low, and the like) are solved;
4. the invention provides two novel steel rail noise reduction damper structures, which improve the vibration and noise reduction effect of the steel rail; the mass layer or the constraint layer in the prior art is completely isolated by the elastic damping layer, so the number of generated resonance frequencies is small, and energy cannot be sufficiently transferred onto the mass layer/the constraint layer at a high speed, so the vibration absorption frequency is narrow, and the energy transfer consumption efficiency is low;
5. the invention provides a scheme for mixing and matching the steel rail noise reduction dampers with different parameters according to the needs, can further increase the number of resonance frequencies, broaden the vibration and noise reduction frequency band, and solves the problems of less resonance frequencies and narrow vibration and noise reduction frequency band in the prior art;
6. the invention provides several feasible installation schemes of the steel rail noise reduction damper, solves the problem of installation and connection between the steel rail noise reduction damper and a steel rail, ensures that the steel rail noise reduction damper can normally exert the vibration and noise reduction function of the steel rail noise reduction damper, and ensures the connection reliability;
7. the invention also provides a noise reduction method and a design method for the steel rail noise reduction damper.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for manufacturing and installing a noise reduction damper of a steel rail,
the steel rail noise reduction damper comprises a resonance plate, an elastic damping layer, a connecting body and a mounting plate, wherein one end of the mounting plate is connected to the top of the side face of the connecting body, the resonance plate is positioned below the mounting plate, and one end of the resonance plate is connected to the side face of the connecting body; an elastic damping layer is filled between the resonance plate and the mounting plate;
the mounting plate and the resonance plate are horizontally arranged, and the other ends of the mounting plate and the resonance plate are suspended in the air to form a cantilever beam structure; the left side and the right side of the connecting body are both connected with a mounting plate and a resonance plate, the mounting plates on the left side and the right side of the connecting body are symmetrically arranged, and the resonance plates on the left side and the right side of the connecting body are symmetrically arranged; the resonance plate, the connecting body and the mounting plate form an integral metal framework; the resonance plate and the elastic damping layer are respectively provided with more than two layers; an elastic damping layer is filled between any two adjacent layers of the resonance plates; the multilayer resonance plates and the multilayer elastic damping layers are alternately arranged, and the lowest layer is the resonance plate;
the manufacturing and mounting method of the steel rail noise reduction damper comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the modal vibration shape of the steel rail and the vibration distribution of each position of the steel rail when an actual line runs, finding out the position with the most prominent main vibration direction and amplitude of the steel rail, and determining the installation position and the working direction of the noise reduction damper of the steel rail; taking the vertical direction as a main vibration direction and taking the rail bottom part as an installation position;
step two: determining the natural frequency parameters of the steel rail noise reduction damper according to the main frequency of vibration noise of the steel rail and the modal frequency of each order of the steel rail when the train passes through in an actual line;
step three: determining the number of layers, the length, the thickness, the mass and the material of the resonance plate and the number of layers, the length, the thickness and the elastic modulus of the elastic damping layer according to the natural frequency requirement of the steel rail noise reduction damper, the main order modal mass of the steel rail and the size of a rail bottom installation space;
step four: determining the optimal damping loss factor of the elastic damping material;
step five: determining the specific structure and material of the steel rail noise reduction damper;
step six: the method for manufacturing the steel rail noise reduction damper specifically comprises the following steps:
s51, manufacturing the integral metal framework, wherein the integral metal framework is formed in the following way: welding the mounting plate, the connecting body and the resonance plate into an integral metal framework;
s52, filling the elastic damping layer to finish the manufacture of the steel rail noise reduction damper;
step seven: installing the rail noise reduction damper, installing the rail noise reduction damper at the bottom of the rail, wherein the installation mode adopts any one of the following four types:
the first method comprises the following steps: directly bonding the mounting plate of the steel rail noise reduction damper on the steel rail by adopting an adhesive;
and the second method comprises the following steps: clamping and fixing the end part of the mounting plate of the steel rail noise reduction damper and the connecting body at the bottom of the steel rail by adopting a clamp;
and the third is that: bending one side edge of the mounting plate into a U shape and installing the mounting plate in a matched manner with one side edge of the bottom of the steel rail; bending the other side edge of the mounting plate into an L shape and forming a threaded hole, and fixing the steel rail noise reduction damper on the steel rail through a bolt with a conical end part, or bending the other side edge of the mounting plate into an L shape and forming a rectangular unthreaded hole, wherein the steel rail noise reduction damper is fixed on the steel rail through a rectangular bolt with a trapezoid end part;
and fourthly: the bottom of the steel rail is provided with a threaded mounting hole, the two ends of the mounting plate of the steel rail noise reduction damper and the connector are provided with through holes, and the steel rail noise reduction damper is mounted at the bottom of the steel rail through screws;
step eight: and verifying the vibration and noise reduction effect to complete the manufacture and installation of the steel rail noise reduction damper.
2. The method for manufacturing and installing the steel rail noise reduction damper according to claim 1, wherein the elastic damping layer is filled in a high-temperature vulcanization bonding forming mode, a glue injection forming mode at a natural environment temperature or a layered bonding forming mode;
when the steel rail noise reduction damper is arranged longitudinally along the steel rail, the steel rail noise reduction damper is a steel rail longitudinal damper; the mounting structure of the longitudinal damper of the steel rail is any one of the following three types:
the first method comprises the following steps: a steel rail longitudinal damper is arranged at the bottom of the steel rail between two adjacent sleepers, and a resonance plate and an elastic damping layer are arranged on the left side and the right side of a steel rail longitudinal damper connecting body; the left and right resonance plates and the elastic damping layer of the connector adopt the structure with the same parameters, and the parameters comprise the number of layers of the resonance plates, the thickness and the length of each layer and the elastic damping layer;
and the second method comprises the following steps: a steel rail longitudinal damper is arranged at the bottom of the steel rail between two adjacent sleepers, and a resonance plate and an elastic damping layer are arranged on the left side and the right side of a steel rail longitudinal damper connecting body; the left side and the right side of the connecting body adopt structures with two different parameters, the left side of the connecting body is provided with two layers of resonance plates and two layers of elastic damping layers, and the right side of the connecting body is provided with three layers of resonance plates and three layers of damping layers;
and the third is that: two longitudinal steel rail dampers with the same or different specifications are symmetrically arranged along the central vertical plane of the steel rail, and the two longitudinal steel rail dampers are two separated bodies or an integral body sharing one mounting plate;
when the steel rail noise reduction damper is transversely arranged along the steel rail, the steel rail noise reduction damper is a steel rail transverse damper; a plurality of steel rail transverse dampers are arranged at the bottoms of different cross sections of the steel rails between two adjacent sleepers, the plurality of steel rail transverse dampers are of structures with one or more parameters, and the parameters comprise the number of layers, the thickness and the length of each layer of the resonance plate and the number of layers, the thickness and the length of each layer of the elastic damping layer;
when the plurality of steel rail transverse dampers are of two structures with different parameters, the steel rail transverse dampers comprise a first steel rail transverse damper and a second steel rail transverse damper, and the first steel rail transverse damper and the second steel rail transverse damper are arranged on the steel rail in a staggered mode;
the first rail cross dampers are mounted at 1/4 and 3/4 of the longitudinal length of the rail between the ties and the second rail cross dampers are mounted at 2/4 of the longitudinal length of the rail between the ties.
3. A vibration damping and noise reducing method is characterized in that a damper is connected on a steel rail, and the damper adopts a multi-layer multi-degree-of-freedom structure, so that a mass layer and/or a constraint layer of the damper are in rigid connection and elastic connection; through rigid connection, the vibration of the steel rail is quickly transmitted and transferred to each constraint layer of the damper, so that the damper generates resonance deformation, and vibration and noise reduction is carried out on the steel rail;
the steel rail noise reduction damper is adopted for vibration and noise reduction, and comprises a resonance plate, an elastic damping layer, a connecting body and a mounting plate, wherein one end of the mounting plate is connected to the top of the side face of the connecting body, the resonance plate is positioned below the mounting plate, and one end of the resonance plate is connected to the side face of the connecting body; an elastic damping layer is filled between the resonance plate and the mounting plate; the mounting plate and the resonance plate are horizontally arranged, and the other ends of the mounting plate and the resonance plate are suspended in the air to form a cantilever beam structure; the left side and the right side of the connecting body are both connected with a mounting plate and a resonance plate, the mounting plates on the left side and the right side of the connecting body are symmetrically arranged, and the resonance plates on the left side and the right side of the connecting body are symmetrically arranged; the resonance plate, the connecting body and the mounting plate form an integral metal framework; the resonance plate and the elastic damping layer are respectively provided with more than two layers; an elastic damping layer is filled between any two adjacent layers of the resonance plates; the multilayer resonance plates and the multilayer elastic damping layers are alternately arranged, and the lowest layer is the resonance plate;
each layer of the steel rail noise reduction damper forms a mass-spring-damping structure, and each layer can generate a plurality of bending mode vibration modes along the length direction to generate a plurality of resonance mode frequencies, and the viscoelastic damping effect of the elastic damping layer is added, so that the steel rail noise reduction damper can play a role of a multi-frequency and broadband dynamic vibration absorber;
the mounting plate, the resonance plate and the elastic damping layer of the steel rail noise reduction damper form a multilayer constraint damping structure, the resonance plate plays a role of a constraint layer, and the elastic damping layer plays a role of a damping layer;
the steel rail noise reduction dampers with different parameters are mixed and matched for use;
the total number of layers and the thickness of each layer of the resonance plate and the elastic damping layer are determined according to the modal density of the steel rail, the size of the vibration and noise reduction frequency required and the size of the mountable space at the bottom of the steel rail; the size of the bottom plate is determined according to the size of the bottom of the steel rail, and the lengths of the resonance plate and the elastic damping layer are determined according to the distance between sleepers;
when the steel rail noise reduction damper works, when a train passes through, the inherent mode of the steel rail is excited and violent vibration is generated due to the interaction of wheel rails and the surface roughness of the wheel rails; on one hand, through the dynamic vibration absorption effect, vibration energy at the main modal frequency of the steel rail is quickly transferred to each layer of resonance plate of the steel rail noise reduction damper through the mounting plate and the connecting body, so that the resonance plate is caused to resonate greatly at the modal frequency of the resonance plate, and the vibration energy of a frequency band near the modal frequency is absorbed; on the other hand, when the structure is bent and deformed, the mounting plate and the resonance plate generate relative sliding motion, the viscoelastic damping material generates shear strain to enable a part of mechanical energy to be lost, so that a constraint damping effect is generated, and the vibration energy of the steel rail, the mounting plate and the resonance plate is converted into heat energy to be dissipated; thereby improving the integral damping and longitudinal propagation vibration attenuation rate of the steel rail and achieving the purpose of reducing the vibration and radiation noise of the steel rail.
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