CN109514066A - The device of control interlayer temperature based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing - Google Patents
The device of control interlayer temperature based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN109514066A CN109514066A CN201811290613.8A CN201811290613A CN109514066A CN 109514066 A CN109514066 A CN 109514066A CN 201811290613 A CN201811290613 A CN 201811290613A CN 109514066 A CN109514066 A CN 109514066A
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- vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0026—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of device of control interlayer temperature based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing, including electron gun, filament, cathode, grid, anode, focus coil and deflection coil including the generation electron beam that vertical direction is set gradually, electron gun are placed in electron gun vacuum room；Electron gun vacuum room is arranged in vacuum forming ceiling portion, and realized by electronics air valve and with vacuum forming room be connected and completely cut off, equipped with temperature control system include be placed in heat insulation stove in vacuum forming room on workbench and cooling back installation, resistance wire that heating may be implemented, the thermocouple measured for conductive and temperature, the heating control apparatus for being used to form the cover board of confined space and being placed in outside vacuum chamber.The device of the invention realizes the uniformity of the good surface forming of part and microstructure；The device of the invention does not need to save the time by waiting radiating mode to realize temperature control, improve production efficiency during increasing material manufacturing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to increases material manufacturing technology fields, and in particular to the control interlayer temperature based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing
The device of degree.
Background technique
Metal increases material manufacturing technology is to realize leveling slice, road using computer aided technique based on three-dimensional digital model
Diameter planning, and realize that metal powder or silk material accumulation manufacture obtain the technology of complete entity part using corresponding Numeric Control Technology.
It is more that the technology covers technical field, has a wide range of application, is known as the important symbol of Digitized manufacturing in the third time industrial revolution.It is existing
It include selective laser smelting technology (SLM), electron beam selective melting technology in more mature technology increases material manufacturing technology
(EBSM), electron beam fuse deposition technique (EBFF) and laser solid forming technology (LSF), electric arc fuse increases material manufacturing technology
(WAAM) etc..For electron beam fuse deposition technique because its depositional environment is in vacuum environment, material beautiful appearance is not likely to produce oxygen
Change defect, and electron beam heat source is concentrated, heat input is big, and fuse increases material fast speed, high production efficiency.Therefore, electron beam is molten
Silk deposition technique is widely used in the integrated member manufacture of the titanium alloy and easy oxidation metal of aerospace field.
Currently, electron beam fuse deposition technique is more mature, but formation of parts structural homogenity is poor, ingredient easily occurs
Phenomena such as segregation, microstructure segregation.Substantially, electron beam fuse deposition process is a micro- casting process, and molten bath passes through " point-
The process of line-face " realizes part manufacturing.In electron beam fuse deposition process, the heat exchange of part and ambient enviroment is mainly
It is carried out by way of radiant heat transfer, as the deposition number of plies increases, Part temperature is constantly increased with ambient temperature, and heat is not
It is disconnected accumulative, it is excessively high so as to cause substrate red heat, interlayer temperature.This will lead to the increase of metal deposition process mobility, lean near side (ns)
There is " trickling " phenomenon in edge region, and part monolayer surface is uneven, and loss of weight reduces surface quality of workpieces, increases processing
Difficulty.
During the deposition process, cooling procedure is a transient state nonequilibrium process, needle-shaped friable tissues easily occurs；With
It accumulates the number of plies to increase, sedimentary passes through Repeat-heating and cooling procedure, and crystal grain is constantly grown up in this process, and ingredient occurs bright
Aobvious segregation.This not only causes the inhomogeneities of tissue, can not obtain desired tissue topography, and seriously reduces the power of part
Performance is learned, part active time is reduced, increases part failure probability.On the other hand, increasing material manufacturing process is that a repetition is welded
Process, part bulk temperature are unevenly distributed the biggish welding stress of appearance that will lead to material, and crackle is easily in these positions
Germinating, to reduce part integrity energy.Therefore, during electric arc increasing material manufacturing, microstructure evolution is reasonably controlled, is eliminated
Residualinternal stress is one of the critical path for improving part mechanical property.
Currently, Harbin Institute of Technology has studied interlayer temperature variation for increasing the molding influence of material, interlayer temperature and table
Face is molded in determining process window there are certain corresponding relationship, when time interval is too long, then will appear interlayer temperature mistake
Low, involvement metal fluidity is too poor, and single track is excessively narrow；It just will appear the dynamic property increase of motlten metal stream when interlayer temperature is excessively high,
It trickles on surface.Publication No. CN107433379A patent discloses a kind of method by increasing time interval between layers and controls
The variation of interlayer temperature processed monitors temperature change using non-contact infrared temperature sensor, is reduced to set temperature to temperature
When, it passes the signal along in robot control cabinet, starts next layer of deposition.This method considers interlayer temperature for forming
Influence, but because without use cooling provision, natural cooling, reduce production efficiency.Publication No. CN106956060A is special
Benefit disclose it is a kind of carry out induction heating and force it is cooling by way of realize control interlayer temperature, this method also by
Heat compensation is determined by the way of infrared thermometry or forces cooling.The induction heating mode that this method uses can be destroyed
Distribution of Magnetic Field in electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing system influences the progress that subsequent fuse increases material.Publication No.
CN105499566A patent discloses a kind of method of increasing material manufacturing components situ heat treatment, after being shaped by single layer carry out at
Type zone melting is heat-treated to realize.This method is by way of electron beam In Situ Heating, and temperature input has randomness, and easily
The phenomenon that there is regional area melting, generating coarse grains.
Electron beam fuse increases the control of material system interlayer temperature and after-treatment device at present and technique study is less, electron beam
Interlayer temperature control is difficult, and temperature change is formed with large effect to electron beam fuse.
Summary of the invention
For the technical problem faced at present, the invention discloses a kind of control layers based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing
Between temperature device.
A kind of device of the control interlayer temperature based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing, including electron gun, wire feed system, electricity
Sub- rifle vacuum chamber, vacuum forming room, workbench, temperature control system, the electron gun include that vertical direction is set gradually
Generation electron beam filament, cathode, grid, anode, focus coil and deflection coil, electron gun is placed in electron gun vacuum room
In；Electron gun vacuum room be arranged in vacuum forming ceiling portion, and by electronics air valve realize be connected with vacuum forming room and
Isolation, the vacuum degree of needs is realized in electron gun vacuum room, vacuum forming room by vacuum system；The workbench is set
In vacuum forming room, including realizing that the carrying platform of vertical Z-direction movement, horizontal plane XY axis direction are transported by upright guide rail
Dynamic workbench and displacement control system；The wire feed system includes the wire feeder being placed on outside vacuum chamber；Temperature
Control system includes being placed in heat insulation stove in vacuum forming room on workbench and cooling back installation, heating may be implemented
Resistance wire, for the measurement of conductive and temperature thermocouple, be used to form the cover board of confined space and be placed in outside vacuum chamber plus
Heat control device.
Further, in temperature control system, heat insulation stove surrounds cooling back installation, and resistive heater is placed in heat insulation stove
On inner wall, thermocouple is placed among cooling back installation, wherein Resistant heating is realized in temperature by way of radiant heat transfer
It rises, circulating cooling realizes cooling by way of transmission of heat by contact.
Further, temperature control system interlayer temperature adjustable range is at 60-500 DEG C；It can be according to part material and demand
Setting tissue heat treatment cycle curve, and be input in temperature control system and carry out temperature programming.
Further, heat insulation stove and cover board use refractory material, reduce Resistant heating region, improve heating efficiency.
Further, according to the physical characteristic of moulding material, cooling back installation selects other cooling mediums such as water, oil.
Further, displacement guide rail upright guide rail selects austenitic stainless steel, specially 304 or 316L.
The present invention compares as follows with remarkable advantage compared with the existing technology:
1. the uniformity that the device of the invention realizes the good surface forming of part and microstructure.
2. the device of the invention can according to demand be designed material internal microstructure, excellent in mechanical performance is obtained
Electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing part.
3. the device of the invention does not need to save by waiting radiating mode to realize temperature control during increasing material manufacturing
Time improves production efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the device of the control interlayer temperature based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing in the present invention.
Wherein, 1- vacuum forming room, 2- workbench, 3- carrying platform, 4- upright guide rail, 5- heat insulation stove, 6- resistance wire
Heating device, 7- wire feeder, 8- heating control apparatus, 9- vacuum system, 10- electronics air valve, 11- wire feed rifle, 12- filament,
13- cathode, 14- grid, 15- anode, 16- focus coil, 17- deflection coil, 18- electron gun vacuum room, 19- Bit andits control system
System, 20- cover board, 21- thermocouple, 22- cooling back installation.
Fig. 2 is in the present invention in the temperature-adjusting device work of the device of the control interlayer temperature of electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing
Make process schematic.
Specific embodiment
In order to be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, tie below
Specific embodiment is closed, the present invention is further explained.
The device of control interlayer temperature based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing, the device include electron gun, wire feed system,
Electron gun vacuum room, vacuum forming room, work shift platform, temperature control system, the electron gun include generating electron beam
Filament 12, the cathode 13 below filament, the grid 14 below cathode, the anode 15 below grid, the focal line below anode
Deflection coil 17 below circle 16 and focus coil, the electron gun are placed in electron gun vacuum room 18；The electron gun is true
Empty room 18 is placed in 1 top of vacuum forming room, and is realized by electronics air valve 10 and be connected and completely cut off with vacuum forming room, electronics
Rifle vacuum chamber 18 and vacuum forming room 1 obtain the vacuum degree of work by vacuum system 9；The work shift platform is set
In vacuum forming room 1, including realizing the carrying platform 3 of vertical Z-direction movement by upright guide rail 4, realizing horizontal plane XY
The workbench 2 and displacement control system 19 of axis direction movement；The wire feed system includes being placed on sending outside vacuum chamber
Silk mechanism 7, the wire feed rifle 11 for being fixed on vacuum chamber interior walls；The temperature control system includes being placed in workbench in vacuum chamber
On heat insulation stove 5 and cooling back installation 22, heating may be implemented resistance wire 6, for the heat of conductive and temperature measurement
Galvanic couple 21, the cover board 20 for being used to form confined space and the heating control apparatus 8 being placed in outside vacuum chamber.
Further, operating mode are as follows: 1 establishes material object parts geometrical model model, and part model is imported computer
In carry out slice and path planning and imported into work platform hoist system, the parameter controlled needs is configured；2 are processing
Preparation stage carries out vacuumize process to vacuum forming room and electron gun vacuum room, and silk material is sent to specified by wire feeder
Workbench is moved on the left of vacuum forming room by position, and decline fire door forms confined space, utilizes Resistant heating system pair
Substrate is preheated；3 control systems control workbench and are moved according to parts to be processed slice planning path and control electricity
Metal wire material melting is transitioned into and formulates region by beamlet, and wherein spray head is fixed, and stationary, direction is vertically downward；4 workbenches
A layer thickness is reduced in Z-direction, workbench is moved on the left of vacuum forming room, declines cover board, according to setting interlayer temperature
Degree carries out heat compensation or cooling；5, which build workbench, moves to vacuum forming room center, repeat step 34 until part integral into
Type.6 are moved to workbench on the left of vacuum forming room, decline cover board, according to heat treatment temperature curve is required, carry out to part
Corresponding heat treatment.
Further, temperature-adjusting device is placed in vacuum chamber, and control system is placed in outside vacuum chamber.Temperature-adjusting device packet
It includes heat insulation stove to surround cooling back installation, resistive heater is placed on heat insulation stove inner wall, and thermocouple is placed in cooling back installation
It is intermediate.Wherein Resistant heating mainly realizes that temperature rises by way of radiant heat transfer, and circulating cooling passes through transmission of heat by contact
Mode realize cooling.
Further, interlayer temperature adjustable range is at 60-500 DEG C；At can be according to part material and demand setting tissue heat
Curve is managed, and is input in temperature control system and carries out temperature programming.
Further, increase the damage of material system to reduce high temperature for electron beam, heat insulation stove and cover board use fire proofed wood
Material reduces Resistant heating region, improves heating efficiency.
Further, according to the physical characteristic of moulding material, cooling device selects other cooling mediums such as water, oil.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of metal after-treatment device based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing, including electron gun, wire feed
System, electron gun vacuum room, vacuum forming room, work shift platform, resistive heating system, control system, the electron gun
Cathode 13 below filament 12, filament including generation electron beam, the grid 14 below cathode, the anode 15 below grid, sun
Focus coil 16 below pole and the deflection coil below focus coil 17, the electron gun are placed in electron gun vacuum room 18；
The electron gun vacuum room 18 is placed in 1 top of vacuum forming room, and is connected by the realization of electronics air valve 10 with vacuum forming room
It passes to and completely cuts off, two vacuum chambers realize the vacuum degree of needs by vacuum system 9；The work shift platform is placed in
In vacuum forming room, including realizing the carrying platform 3 of vertical Z-direction movement by upright guide rail 4, realizing the axis side horizontal plane XY
To the workbench 2 and displacement control system 19 of movement；The wire feed system includes the wire-feed motor being placed on outside vacuum chamber
Structure 7, the wire feed rifle 11 for being fixed on vacuum chamber interior walls；The temperature control system includes being placed in vacuum chamber on workbench
The resistance wire 6 to heat up may be implemented, for the thermocouple of conductive and temperature measurement in heat insulation stove 5 and cooling back installation 22
21, the heating control apparatus 8 for being used to form the cover board 20 of confined space and being placed in outside vacuum chamber.
For using continuous wire feed electron beam fuse deposited titanium alloys plate material parts:
(1) according to demand, establish material object parts geometrical model model, will part model import computer in carry out slice and
Path planning simultaneously imported into work platform hoist system, and the parameter controlled needs is configured；
(2) in the processing preparation stage, vacuumize process, wire feeder are carried out to vacuum forming room and electron gun vacuum room
Silk material is sent to designated position, workbench is moved on the left of vacuum forming room, decline fire door forms confined space, utilizes
Resistant heating system heats the substrate, and is measured using thermocouple to substrate temperature, when temperature is heated to 200 DEG C
When, stop heating；
(3) control system control workbench is moved according to parts to be processed slice planning path and controls electron beam
Metal wire material melting is transitioned into and formulates region, wherein spray head is fixed, stationary, direction vertically downward, according to setting path
Complete the first layer material deposition；
(4) workbench reduces 0.5mm in Z-direction, and workbench is moved on the left of vacuum forming room, decline lid
Plate, by thermocouple measurement Part temperature, when temperature feedback is lower than 200 DEG C, Resistant heating carries out temperature-compensating；Work as temperature
When higher than 200 DEG C, is realized and cooled down by lower section cooling water recirculation system；Control the temperature-adjusting device work of the device of interlayer temperature
It is as shown in Figure 2 to make process.
(5) it builds workbench and moves to vacuum forming room center, repeat step (3) (4) until part is integrally formed.
(6) workbench is moved on the left of vacuum forming room, declines cover board, according to requiring heat parts to 670 DEG C,
Heat preservation 1 hour, furnace is cold, makes annealing treatment to part.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of device of the control interlayer temperature based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing, it is characterised in that: including electron gun, send
Silk system, electron gun vacuum room, vacuum forming room, workbench, temperature control system, the electron gun includes vertical direction
The generation filament (12) of electron beam that sets gradually, cathode (13), grid (14), anode (15), focus coil (16) and partially
Switch coil (17), the electron gun are placed in electron gun vacuum room (7)；The electron gun vacuum room (7) is arranged in vacuum
At the top of working chamber (1), and is realized by electronics air valve (10) and be connected and completely cut off with vacuum forming room (1), electron gun vacuum
The vacuum degree of needs is realized in room (7), vacuum forming room (1) by vacuum system (9)；The workbench (2) is placed in
In vacuum forming room (1), carrying platform (3), horizontal plane XY including realizing vertical Z-direction movement by upright guide rail (4)
The workbench (2) and displacement control system (19) of axis direction movement；The wire feed system includes being placed on outside vacuum chamber
Wire feeder (6)；The temperature control system includes the heat insulation stove being placed in vacuum forming room (1) on workbench (2)
(5) and cooling back installation (22), heating may be implemented resistance wire (6), for the thermocouple of conductive and temperature measurement
(21), the heating control apparatus (8) for being used to form the cover board (20) of confined space and being placed in outside vacuum chamber.
2. the device of the control interlayer temperature according to claim 1 based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing, feature exist
In: in temperature control system, heat insulation stove (5) surrounds cooling back installation (22), and resistive heater (6) is placed in heat insulation stove inner wall
On, it is intermediate in cooling back installation (22) that thermocouple sets (21), wherein Resistant heating realizes temperature by way of radiant heat transfer
Degree rises, and circulating cooling realizes cooling by way of transmission of heat by contact.
3. the device of the control interlayer temperature according to claim 1 based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing, feature exist
In: temperature control system interlayer temperature adjustable range is at 60-500 DEG C；It can be heat-treated according to part material and demand setting tissue
Curve, and be input in temperature control system and carry out temperature programming.
4. the device of the control interlayer temperature according to claim 1 based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing, feature exist
In: heat insulation stove (5) and cover board (20) use refractory material, reduce Resistant heating region, improve heating efficiency.
5. the device of the control interlayer temperature according to claim 1 based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing, feature exist
In: according to the physical characteristic of moulding material, cooling back installation (22) selects other cooling mediums such as water, oil.
6. the device of the control interlayer temperature according to claim 1 based on electron beam fuse increasing material manufacturing, feature exist
In displacement guide rail (19) upright guide rail (4) selects austenitic stainless steel, specially 304 or 316L.
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| CN201811290613.8A CN109514066B (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2018-10-31 | Device for controlling interlayer temperature based on electron beam fuse additive manufacturing |
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Cited By (9)
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| CN110715951A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2020-01-21 | 西北工业大学 | In-situ real-time measuring device in powder bed melting additive manufacturing process |
| CN110838427A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-25 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Electronic gun device for fuse wire additive manufacturing |
| CN110899700A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-03-24 | 西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司 | Powder bed electron beam vibration material disk equipment |
| CN111761196A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-10-13 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Vacuum chamber internal protection system for preheating electron beam welding |
| CN112453674A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-09 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Vacuum electron beam welding equipment capable of welding under high temperature condition |
| CN112475321A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-03-12 | 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 | Large EBSM equipment based on auxiliary preheating system |
| CN113909491A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-01-11 | 华中科技大学 | EBF additive manufacturing method and system |
| CN114871557A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-09 | 南京晨光集团有限责任公司 | Vacuum electron beam manufacturing method for spacecraft thin-wall cylindrical storage tank |
| CN114933909A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-23 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | Coke oven door closing state detection device and identification method |
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| CN110715951A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2020-01-21 | 西北工业大学 | In-situ real-time measuring device in powder bed melting additive manufacturing process |
| CN110838427A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-25 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Electronic gun device for fuse wire additive manufacturing |
| CN110838427B (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2022-04-29 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Electronic gun device for fuse wire additive manufacturing |
| CN110899700B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2024-03-12 | 西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司 | Powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing equipment |
| CN110899700A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-03-24 | 西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司 | Powder bed electron beam vibration material disk equipment |
| CN111761196A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-10-13 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Vacuum chamber internal protection system for preheating electron beam welding |
| CN112475321A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-03-12 | 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 | Large EBSM equipment based on auxiliary preheating system |
| CN112453674A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-09 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Vacuum electron beam welding equipment capable of welding under high temperature condition |
| CN112453674B (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2022-05-27 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Vacuum electron beam welding equipment capable of welding under high temperature condition |
| CN113909491A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-01-11 | 华中科技大学 | EBF additive manufacturing method and system |
| CN113909491B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-11-01 | 华中科技大学 | EBF additive manufacturing method and system |
| CN114933909A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-23 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | Coke oven door closing state detection device and identification method |
| CN114933909B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-06-06 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | Coke oven door closing state detection device and identification method |
| CN114871557A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-09 | 南京晨光集团有限责任公司 | Vacuum electron beam manufacturing method for spacecraft thin-wall cylindrical storage tank |
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