CN109507188A - A kind of qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure - Google Patents
A kind of qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109507188A CN109507188A CN201811598074.4A CN201811598074A CN109507188A CN 109507188 A CN109507188 A CN 109507188A CN 201811598074 A CN201811598074 A CN 201811598074A CN 109507188 A CN109507188 A CN 109507188A
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- sample
- ductile iron
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
Abstract
Present invention discloses a kind of qualitative identification methods of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure, in addition to sample preparation, sample polishing, sample polishing and sample corrosion step, it further include sample heat tinting, sample cooling and sample detecting step, the discrimination method can be under an optical microscope by merely look at the different colours in structure figure, each matrix and its approximate content of austempering ductile iron can be told, intuitively, quickly, clearly, qualitative detection is high-efficient, can be widely applied to production testing and failure analysis field；In addition, the present invention is without electron microscope, easy to operate, testing cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of Qualitive test, and in particular to a kind of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure is determined
Property discrimination method, belongs to material internal structure observation technology field.
Background technique
The performance of metal material depends on its microstructure, and metallographic structure can reflect the specific form of metal metallographic,
On the basis of grasping microstructure, by adjusting technological parameter, it can achieve control and optimize the purpose of product quality, therefore,
Preparing can really, clearly reflect that the metallographic of microstructure becomes the basis of investigation of materials.Austempering ductile iron is than strong
Degree is high, fatigue strength is good, wear-resisting property is good, sound-absorbing effect is strong, be widely used in engineering machinery, agricultural machinery, automotive field,
The every profession and trades such as wind-power electricity generation field, to replace steel part, to reduce production cost and lower workpiece weight.Isothermal hardening spheroidal graphite
The performance of cast iron quality is directly related to the workpiece and final product quality being made of it, and as technology develops, workpiece technical requirements are mentioned
Height, therefore, inspection and identification to austempering ductile iron metallographic structure require also to correspondingly increase.
Existing method for displaying metallographic structure is to be placed directly under optical microscopy to observe after corroding metallographic specimen, presentation
Fractograph is black-and-white two color, as shown in Fig. 2, each matrix of austempering ductile iron intuitively, cannot be identified clearly
And its specific form, it needs that more time is spent carefully to compare, analyze, or be further observed point by electron microscope
Analysis, qualitative detection low efficiency, equipment input cost are high and complicated for operation.Therefore, how to overcome drawbacks described above, designing one kind can
In the method for quick, clear Qualitive test austempering ductile iron metallographic structure, just become staff in the art urgently
The technical issues of solution.
Summary of the invention
In view of the prior art, there are drawbacks described above, for this purpose, the present invention provides a kind of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure
Qualitative identification method, with solve the problems, such as it is above-mentioned at least one.
The purpose of the present invention will be realized through the following technical scheme:
Present invention discloses a kind of qualitative identification methods of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure, comprising the following steps:
The preparation of S1 sample, cuts the sample of cube structure, and choose the examination from austempering ductile iron workpiece
One plane of sample is as metallographic structure plane of vision；
The polishing of S2 sample, beats the sample metallographic observation plane prepared in step S1 using pre-grinding test sample of gold phase machine
Mill processing, until metallographic observation plane is without obvious scratch；
The polishing of S3 sample carries out the sample metallographic observation plane in step S2 after grinding process using polishing machine mechanical
Polishing, until metallographic observation plane light and pollution-free point；
The corrosion of S4 sample, the sample in step S3 after mechanically polishing is placed in the corrosion container equipped with corrosive liquid sufficiently
Etch, until bright grey is presented in the surface of metallographic observation plane；
Further include following steps:
The heating of S5 sample, the sample in step S4 after corroding is placed in heating furnace, is heated under the conditions of 240 DEG C -280 DEG C
Keep the temperature 3h-5h；
S6 sample is cooling, take out it is heated in step S5 after sample, and be cooled to room temperature；
The detection of S7 sample, the metallographic observation plane of sample is placed under optical microscopy after cooling down in step S6, observation examination
Sample metallographic structure.
Preferably, the qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to the present invention, institute in step S2
Stating sander is sanding machine, and the revolving speed of the sanding machine is 600r/min-800r/min, is successively adopted in bruting process
It is polished with the abrasive paper for metallograph that granularity is 100#, 240#, 600# and 1000#.
Preferably, the qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to the present invention, institute in step S3
The revolving speed for stating polishing machine is 1000r/min-1400r/min, polishing time 10min-20min.
Preferably, the qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to the present invention, institute in step S4
Stating corrosive liquid is nitric acid alcohol.
Preferably, the qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to the present invention, the nitric acid wine
The mass concentration of essence is 2%-4%.
Preferably, the qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to the present invention is soaked in step S4
The erosion time is 3s-10s.
Preferably, the qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to the present invention, when the etch
Between be 5 seconds.
Preferably, the qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to the present invention, in step S5 plus
Hot temperature is 260 DEG C, heating time 4h.
Preferably, the qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to the present invention, in step S6
The type of cooling is air-cooled or air-cooled.
Compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has the advantage that
The qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure provided by the invention, can under an optical microscope only
By observation structure figure in different colours, can tell austempering ductile iron each matrix and its probably
Content, intuitive, quick, clear, qualitative detection is high-efficient, can be widely applied to production testing and failure analysis field；In addition, this
Invention is without electron microscope, and easy to operate, testing cost reduces.
Detailed description of the invention
By reading the detailed description of following detailed description, various other advantages and benefits are common for this field
Technical staff will become clear.Attached drawing is only used for showing the purpose of specific embodiment, and is not considered as to invention
Limitation.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is structure figure of the Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron Metallographic Structure test block in the prior art under 500 times of optical microscopies；
Fig. 3 is using identical Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron Metallographic Structure test block and aobvious in 500 times of optics using discrimination method of the present invention with Fig. 2
Structure figure under micro mirror；
Fig. 4 is the structure figure after embodiment 1 is polished under 100 times of optical microscopies；
Fig. 5 is structure figure of the embodiment 1 after corroding under 500 times of optical microscopies；
Fig. 6 is structure figure of the embodiment 1 after heat tinting under 500 times of optical microscopies；
Fig. 7 is the structure figure after embodiment 2 is polished under 100 times of optical microscopies；
Fig. 8 is structure figure of the embodiment 2 after corroding under 500 times of optical microscopies；
Fig. 9 is structure figure of the embodiment 2 after heat tinting under 500 times of optical microscopies.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.The embodiment is shown
Example is shown in the accompanying drawings, and the specific embodiment described in following embodiments of the present invention is only used as specific reality of the invention
Apply the exemplary illustration of mode, it is intended to be used to explain the present invention, and be not configured to limitation of the present invention.
A kind of qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure, as shown in Figure 1, comprising the following steps:
The preparation of S1 sample, laterally cuts cube structure from austempering ductile iron workpiece using metallographical cutter
Sample, and a plane of the sample is chosen as metallographic structure plane of vision.In the step, sample preparation personnel be should be avoided because of mistake
Heat and burn.
The polishing of S2 sample, beats the sample metallographic observation plane prepared in step S1 using pre-grinding test sample of gold phase machine
Mill processing, until metallographic observation plane is without obvious scratch.Sanding machine can be used in the step, the revolving speed of sanding machine is
600r/min-800r/min, successively use in bruting process granularity for the liquid honing of 100#, 240#, 600# and 1000# extremely
Sample metallographic observation plane is bright, spare.
The polishing of S3 sample carries out the sample metallographic observation plane in step S2 after grinding process using polishing machine mechanical
Polishing, until metallographic observation plane light and pollution-free point.In the step, the revolving speed of polishing machine is 1000r/min-1400r/
Min, polishing time 10min-20min.
After sample polishing, configuration quality concentration is the nitric acid alcohol of 2%-4% as corrosive agent, and corrosive agent should ensure that newly
Fresh, the general shelf-life is two weeks.
The corrosion of S4 sample, the sample in step S3 after mechanically polishing is placed in the corrosion container equipped with above-mentioned corrosive agent
It is taken out after abundant etch 3s-10s, wiping sample is until bright grey is presented in the surface of sample metallographic observation plane, at this point, using stream
Dynamic water rinses the sample, and with drying up after alcohol wipe.
Sample in step S4 after corroding is placed in heating furnace by the heating of S5 sample, also referred to as heat tinting, and 240 DEG C -280 DEG C
Under the conditions of heating and thermal insulation 3h-5h；
S6 sample is cooling, take out it is heated in step S5 after sample, and be cooled to room temperature.In the step, sky can be used
Gas the natural type of cooling or the wind type of cooling.
The detection of S7 sample, the metallographic observation plane of sample is placed under optical microscopy after cooling down in step S6, observation examination
Sample metallographic structure.As shown in Figure 3, wherein rich carbon austenitic is purple, and for ferrite in cream-coloured, martensite is in navy blue, eutectic carbon
Compound is white, and the retained austenite not changed completely is in light blue.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of S1 sample, the examination of cube structure is cut using metallographical cutter from austempering ductile iron workpiece
Sample, and a plane of the sample is chosen as metallographic structure plane of vision.
The polishing of S2 sample uses sanding machine and successively selects granularity for the metallographic of 100#, 240#, 600# and 1000#
Sand paper carries out grinding process to the sample metallographic observation plane prepared in step S1, until metallographic observation plane is drawn without obvious
Trace, the revolving speed of the sanding machine are 700r/min.
The polishing of S3 sample carries out the sample metallographic observation plane in step S2 after grinding process using polishing machine mechanical
Polishing, until metallographic observation plane light and pollution-free point, the revolving speed of the polishing machine is 1200r/min, and polishing time is
15min。
Sample after above-mentioned polishing is placed in 100 times of optical microphotographs under the microscope, structure is as shown in figure 4, by scheming
In it is found that in the embodiment isothermal quenching ball ink cast iron coupon Oxygen potential be greater than 90%.
The corrosion of S4 sample, the sample in step S3 after mechanically polishing is placed in the corrosion container equipped with nitric acid alcohol and is filled
Sub-dip loses 5s, until bright grey is presented in the surface of metallographic observation plane, and rinses the sample using circulating water, and use alcohol wipe
After dry up.Wherein, the nitric acid alcohol configures to be fresh, mass concentration 4%.Sample after above-mentioned corrosion is placed in
500 times of optical microphotographs under the microscope, structure as shown in figure 5, by figure it is found that isothermal quenching ball ink is cast in the embodiment
The matrix of ferroelectric sample is mainly that (rich carbon austenitic is collectively referred to as and austempering ductile iron iron body difficult to understand with ferritic
Main component).
The heating of S5 sample, the sample in step S4 after corroding is placed in heating furnace, heating and thermal insulation under the conditions of 260 DEG C
4h。
S6 sample is cooling, take out it is heated in step S5 after sample, and air is cooled to room temperature.
The detection of S7 sample, the metallographic observation plane of sample is placed under 500 times of optical microscopies after cooling down in step S6, is seen
Test specimens metallographic structure.As shown in fig. 6, iron body content difficult to understand is greater than 90%, it is 5%-10%, table in navy blue martensite content
The bright sample heat treatment procedure is qualified, and the isothermal hardening spheroidal graphite that initial guess and the sample carry out heat treatment procedure with batch is cast
Ironworker's part is qualified.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of S1 sample, the examination of cube structure is cut using metallographical cutter from austempering ductile iron workpiece
Sample, and a plane of the sample is chosen as metallographic structure plane of vision.
The polishing of S2 sample uses sanding machine and successively selects granularity for the water sand of 100#, 240#, 600# and 1000#
Paper carries out grinding process to the sample metallographic observation plane for preparing in step S1, until metallographic observation plane is without obvious scratch,
The revolving speed of the sanding machine is 800r/min.
The polishing of S3 sample carries out the sample metallographic observation plane in step S2 after grinding process using polishing machine mechanical
Polishing, until metallographic observation plane light and pollution-free point, the revolving speed of the polishing machine is 1000r/min, and polishing time is
20min。
Sample after above-mentioned polishing is placed in 100 times of optical microphotographs under the microscope, structure is as shown in fig. 7, by scheming
In it is found that in the embodiment isothermal quenching ball ink cast iron coupon Oxygen potential be greater than 85%.
The corrosion of S4 sample, the sample in step S3 after mechanically polishing is placed in the corrosion container equipped with nitric acid alcohol and is filled
Sub-dip loses 10s, until bright grey is presented in the surface of metallographic observation plane, and rinses the sample using circulating water, and use wipes of alcohol
It is dried up after wiping.Wherein, the nitric acid alcohol has saved three days (configuring before i.e. three days), mass concentration 2%.It will be above-mentioned
Sample after corrosion is placed in 500 times of optical microphotographs under the microscope, structure as shown in figure 8, by figure it is found that the embodiment
The matrix of middle isothermal quenching ball ink cast iron coupon is mainly iron body difficult to understand.
The heating of S5 sample, the sample in step S4 after corroding is placed in heating furnace, heating and thermal insulation under the conditions of 240 DEG C
5h。
S6 sample is cooling, take out it is heated in step S5 after sample, and it is dustless under the conditions of quenching to room temperature.
The detection of S7 sample, the metallographic observation plane of sample is placed under 500 times of optical microscopies after cooling down in step S6, is seen
Test specimens metallographic structure.As shown in figure 9, the content ratio of iron body difficult to understand and martensite is about 9:1, show the sample heat treatment procedure
Qualification, and the austempering ductile iron workpiece that initial guess and the sample carry out heat treatment procedure with batch is qualified.
The qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure provided by the invention, except including sample preparation, examination
Sample polishing, sample polish, outside sample corrosion step, further include that sample heats, sample is cooling and sample detecting step, wherein sample
Heating stepses mainly can form interference oxidation film using heating to show on the burnishing surface of austempering ductile iron sample
Metallographic structure.Since ingredient different in metallographic structure has different structures, the thickness of oxidation film is not also identical, therefore can
Different colors is presented under an optical microscope by the interference of light, so as in Qualitive test austempering ductile iron
Each matrix.Austempering ductile iron metallographic specimen is cooling after heating and thermal insulation 3h-5h under the conditions of 240 DEG C -280 DEG C,
Observation is placed under optical microscopy as it can be seen that rich carbon austenitic is purple, for ferrite in cream-coloured, martensite is in navy blue, carbide
White, the retained austenite not changed completely is in light blue.
The present invention can tell isothermal under an optical microscope by merely look at the different colours in structure figure
Each matrix and its approximate content of spheroidal graphite cast-iron are quenched, intuitive, clear, qualitative detection is high-efficient, can quickly judge this
Whether the austempering ductile iron workpiece that batch carries out heat treatment procedure is qualified, can be widely applied to production testing and failure point
Analysis field.In addition, the present invention is without electron microscope, easy to operate, testing cost is reduced.
It should be noted that above-described embodiment is that illustrate the present invention rather than limit it, and
Those skilled in the art can be designed alternative embodiment without departing from the scope of the appended claims.In claim
In, word " comprising " does not exclude the presence of data or step not listed in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure, includes the following steps:
The preparation of S1 sample, cuts the sample of cube structure, and choose the sample from austempering ductile iron workpiece
One plane is as metallographic structure plane of vision；
The polishing of S2 sample carries out burnishing part to the sample metallographic observation plane prepared in step S1 using pre-grinding test sample of gold phase machine
Reason, until metallographic observation plane is without obvious scratch；
The polishing of S3 sample carries out mechanical throwing to the sample metallographic observation plane in step S2 after grinding process using polishing machine
Light, until metallographic observation plane light and pollution-free point；
The corrosion of S4 sample, the sample in step S3 after mechanically polishing is placed in the corrosion container equipped with corrosive liquid and is sufficiently soaked
Erosion, until bright grey is presented in the surface of metallographic observation plane；
It is characterized in that, further including following steps:
The heating of S5 sample, the sample in step S4 after corroding is placed in heating furnace, heating and thermal insulation under the conditions of 240 DEG C -280 DEG C
3h-5h；
S6 sample is cooling, take out it is heated in step S5 after sample, and be cooled to room temperature；
The detection of S7 sample, the metallographic observation plane of sample is placed under optical microscopy after cooling down in step S6, observation sample gold
Phase constitution.
2. a kind of qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to claim 1, feature exist
In sander described in step S2 is sanding machine, and the revolving speed of the sanding machine is 600r/min-800r/min, is beaten
Granularity is successively used to polish for the abrasive paper for metallograph of 100#, 240#, 600# and 1000# during mill.
3. a kind of qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to claim 1, feature exist
In the revolving speed of polishing machine described in step S3 is 1000r/min-1400r/min, polishing time 10min-20min.
4. a kind of qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to claim 1, feature exist
In corrosive liquid described in step S4 is nitric acid alcohol.
5. a kind of qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to claim 4, feature exist
In the mass concentration of the nitric acid alcohol is 2%-4%.
6. a kind of qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to claim 1, feature exist
In the etch time is 3s-10s in step S4.
7. a kind of qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to claim 6, feature exist
In the etch time is 5 seconds.
8. a kind of qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to claim 1, feature exist
In heating temperature is 260 DEG C in step S5, heating time 4h.
9. a kind of qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure according to claim 1, feature exist
In the type of cooling in step S6 is air-cooled or air-cooled.
10. a kind of qualitative identification method of austempering ductile iron metallographic structure, which comprises the following steps:
The preparation of S1 sample, cuts the sample of cube structure, and choose the sample from austempering ductile iron workpiece
One plane is as metallographic structure plane of vision；
The polishing of S2 sample uses sanding machine, successively selects granularity for the abrasive paper for metallograph of 100#, 240#, 600# and 1000#,
Grinding process is carried out to the sample metallographic observation plane prepared in step S1, until metallographic observation plane is without obvious scratch, institute
The revolving speed for stating sanding machine is 700r/min；
The polishing of S3 sample carries out mechanical throwing to the sample metallographic observation plane in step S2 after grinding process using polishing machine
Light, until metallographic observation plane light and pollution-free point, the revolving speed of the polishing machine is 1200r/min, and polishing time is
15min；
The corrosion of S4 sample, the sample in step S3 after mechanically polishing is placed in the corrosion container equipped with nitric acid alcohol and is sufficiently soaked
5s is lost, until bright grey is presented in the surface of metallographic observation plane, the nitric acid alcohol quality concentration is 4%；
The heating of S5 sample, the sample in step S4 after corroding is placed in heating furnace, heating and thermal insulation 4h under the conditions of 260 DEG C；
S6 sample is cooling, take out it is heated in step S5 after sample, and air is cooled to room temperature；
The detection of S7 sample, the metallographic observation plane of sample is placed under optical microscopy after cooling down in step S6, observation sample gold
Phase constitution.
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| CN110196188A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-03 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | A kind of identification technique of spheroidal graphite cast-iron fracture toughness JIC sample crackle |
| CN110208060A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-09-06 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | The method for quickly preparing high-carbon steel Metallographic standard sample |
| CN110320123A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-11 | 天津理工大学 | CADI tissue change analysis method after impact wear |
| CN110907242A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-24 | 江苏吉鑫风能科技股份有限公司 | Preparation process of large-scale super-thick nodular cast iron container sample |
| CN111735680A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-10-02 | 耐世特凌云驱动***（芜湖）有限公司 | Novel method for evaluating wear resistance of automobile universal joint ball cage |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN110196188A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-03 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | A kind of identification technique of spheroidal graphite cast-iron fracture toughness JIC sample crackle |
| CN110196188B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2022-01-28 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Identification process for crack of nodular cast iron fracture toughness JIC sample |
| CN110208060A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-09-06 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | The method for quickly preparing high-carbon steel Metallographic standard sample |
| CN110320123A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-11 | 天津理工大学 | CADI tissue change analysis method after impact wear |
| CN110907242A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-24 | 江苏吉鑫风能科技股份有限公司 | Preparation process of large-scale super-thick nodular cast iron container sample |
| CN110907242B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-04-01 | 江苏吉鑫风能科技股份有限公司 | Preparation process of large-scale super-thick nodular cast iron container sample |
| CN111735680A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-10-02 | 耐世特凌云驱动***（芜湖）有限公司 | Novel method for evaluating wear resistance of automobile universal joint ball cage |
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