CN109506358B - 流加热器 - Google Patents

流加热器 Download PDF

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CN109506358B
CN109506358B CN201811066745.2A CN201811066745A CN109506358B CN 109506358 B CN109506358 B CN 109506358B CN 201811066745 A CN201811066745 A CN 201811066745A CN 109506358 B CN109506358 B CN 109506358B
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plate
heating
flow
resistive layer
heater
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CN109506358A (zh
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C·麦卡锡
S·斯威尼
D·奥卡罗
H·霍安
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BorgWarner Ludwigsburg GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2221Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating an intermediate liquid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0072Special adaptations
    • F24H1/009Special adaptations for vehicle systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/121Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00Details
    • F24H9/18Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1818Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1827Positive temperature coefficient [PTC] resistor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/24Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor being self-supporting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/262Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/265Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2271Heat exchangers, burners, ignition devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/04Positive or negative temperature coefficients, e.g. PTC, NTC
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013Heaters using resistive films or coatings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

一种流加热器,包括具有入口(1)和出口(2)的壳体,以及设置在壳体中并且限定从入口(1)至出口(2)的流动路径(5)的板状加热***件。根据本发明,板状加热***件包括第一加热板(6)、第二加热板(7)和设置在第一加热板(6)与第二加热板(7)之间的板支承件(8),其中第一加热板(6)和第二加热板(7)设置在板支承件(8)的相反的两侧,并且第一加热板(6)和第二加热板(7)各自包括载有电阻层(11)的基板(10)。

Description

流加热器
技术领域
本发明涉及流加热器。在DE 102013105270A1中公开了一种流加热器,包括具有入口和出口的壳体,以及设置在壳体中并且限定从入口至出口的流动路径的板状加热***件。
背景技术
在这种流加热器中,板状加热***件通过将壳体的内部分成加热***件上方的部分和加热***件下方的部分而在壳体中限定流动路径。因此,热量通过板状加热***件的两侧传递至液体。
例如在车辆中需要用于加热各种液体,尤其是水或水基溶液的流加热器。开发用于车辆的流加热器的共同目标涉及紧凑的设计、低制造成本和高效率,使得可在短时间内加热大量液体。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于在更大程度上满足上述目标。
该目的通过根据本发明的第一方面的流加热器实现。本发明的有利改进是其它方面的主题。
在根据本发明的流加热器中,板状加热***件包括第一加热板、第二加热板和设置在第一加热板与第二加热板之间的板支承件。因此,两个加热板均可暴露于被加热的液体,从而可实现有效的热传递。第一加热板和第二加热板设置在板支承件的相反的两侧。第一加热板和第二加热板各自包括载有电阻层的基板。这使得与包括设置在两个接触板之间的PTC块的现有技术流加热器相比,能够具有更紧凑的设计。
电阻层可以是例如印刷层或通过其他方式沉积在基板上的层,例如,通过气相沉积。电阻层的厚度可为0.2mm或更小。因此,本发明的板状加热***件及其包括的加热板可非常薄。
基板可以是陶瓷板,例如氧化铝板或一些其他电绝缘陶瓷板。基板也可以是导电的,例如基板可以是金属板,如铝板。如果基板是导电体,则可在金属板与电阻层之间设置电绝缘层。
在本发明的改进中,板支承件是框架。框架可具有非常小的质量,使得加热***件的重量和热容量相当小。例如,框架可具有与加热板的轮廓相对应的轮廓,使得加热板的边缘部置于框架上。框架的轮廓可围绕空的空间或由腹板交叉的空间。在任何情况下,框架均可为加热***件提供减小其重量和热容量的中空空间。
附图说明
结合附图参照实施例说明本发明的进一步细节和优点。
图1示出流加热器的剖视图;
图2示出流加热器的分解图;
图3示出流加热器的加热***件的分解图;
图4示出加热***件的框架;并且
图5示出加热***件的加热板。
附图标记列表
1:入口;
2:出口;
3:壳体部件;
4:壳体部件;
5:流动路径;
6:加热板;
7:加热板;
8:板支承件;
10:基板;
11:电阻层;
12:绝缘层;
13:开口;
14:开口;
15:开口;
16:腹板;
17:腹板。
具体实施方式
在图1中以剖视图示出并且在图2中以分解图示出的流加热器包括具有入口1和出口2的壳体。壳体可由例如外壳的两个壳体部件3、4形成。在图3中以分解图示出的板状加热***件设置在壳体内部。加热***件限定壳体内部的流动路径5,使得被加热的液体沿板状加热***件的两侧流动。
加热***件包括第一加热板6、第二加热板7和设置在加热板6、7之间的板支承件8。加热板6、7可例如通过粘合剂、焊接或螺纹固定点固定至板支承件8,或者仅通过经壳体部件3、4施加的压力保持在适当位置。
加热板6、7可相同。图5中示出加热板6的实施例。各加热板6、7包括具有电阻层11的基板10。基板10可以是例如氧化铝的陶瓷板或金属板。在所示的实施例中,基板10是例如铝的金属板。绝缘层12设置在基板10与电阻层11之间。因而,金属基板10与电阻层11电绝缘。因此,流过电阻层11的加热电流的方向在由电阻层11限定的平面内,而不是垂直于电阻层11。
电阻层11和绝缘层12可例如作为浆料或油墨印刷,或者通过例如气相沉积的其他方式沉积。电阻层可以是例如基于钛酸钡的PTC层。电阻层11可相当薄,例如,0.02mm至0.2mm。
加热板6、7设置为使得各自的电阻层11彼此面对。由此,电阻层11被基板10屏蔽而不与沿流动路径5流过流加热器的液体接触。
加热***件具有流动路径5经过的开口14。因此,流道具有沿第一加热板6经过的区段、经过开口14的连接段以及沿第二加热板7经过的区段。加热板6、7各自具有图5中所示的相应开口13。
板支承件8是也具有相应开口15的框架。板支承件可包括用于密封的垫圈(未示出),使得经过开口15的液体不会进入加热板6、7之间的干燥空间。
板支承件8包括支承加热板的边缘的周围腹板16。板支承件8可包括用于增加横跨加热***件的内部空间的机械稳定性的附加腹板17。
流加热器还可包括例如设置在印刷电路板上的控制电子器件18。控制电子器件可设置在壳体部件4的干燥侧并且由盖19保护。

Claims (8)

1.一种流加热器,包括具有入口(1)和出口(2)的壳体,以及设置在所述壳体中并且限定从所述入口(1)至所述出口(2)的流动路径(5)的板状加热***件,其特征在于:
所述板状加热***件包括第一加热板(6)、第二加热板(7)和设置在所述第一加热板(6)与所述第二加热板(7)之间的板支承件(8),
其中所述第一加热板(6)和所述第二加热板(7)设置在所述板支承件(8)的相反的两侧,
所述第一加热板(6)和所述第二加热板(7)各自包括载有电阻层(11)的基板(10),并且
所述板支承件(8)是框架,所述第一加热板(6)和所述第二加热板(7)各自的边缘部置于所述框架上,使得在所述第一加热板(6)与所述第二加热板(7)7之间形成被加热的液体不会进入的干燥空间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的流加热器,其特征在于,所述第一加热板(6)和所述第二加热板(7)各自的基板(10)是金属板,载有设置在所述电阻层(11)与所述金属板之间的绝缘层(12)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的流加热器,其特征在于,所述加热板(6、7)设置在所述板支承件(8)上,使得各自的电阻层(11)分别面向另一加热板。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的流加热器,其特征在于,所述流动路径从所述入口(1)沿所述第一加热板(6)引入,然后沿所述第二加热板(7)引向所述出口(2)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的流加热器,其特征在于,所述电阻层(11)的厚度为0.2mm或更小。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的流加热器,其特征在于,所述电阻层(11)是印刷层。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的流加热器,其特征在于,所述加热***件构造成使加热电流沿由所述电阻层(11)限定的平面内的方向流动。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的流加热器,其特征在于,所述加热***件具有所述流动路径通过的开口(14)。
CN201811066745.2A 2017-09-14 2018-09-13 流加热器 Active CN109506358B (zh)

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DE102017121341B4 (de) 2019-09-12
DE102017121341A1 (de) 2019-03-14

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