CN109496976B - Ecological bamboo rat low-cost environment-friendly breeding method - Google Patents
Ecological bamboo rat low-cost environment-friendly breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496976B CN109496976B CN201811513087.7A CN201811513087A CN109496976B CN 109496976 B CN109496976 B CN 109496976B CN 201811513087 A CN201811513087 A CN 201811513087A CN 109496976 B CN109496976 B CN 109496976B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/70—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in livestock or poultry
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost environment-friendly ecological bamboo rat breeding method, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting and pretreating a feeding field; (2) constructing a comprehensive ecological planting and breeding system; (3) placing seeds of bamboo rats, laying eggs of ground beetles and managing feed; (4) getting the bamboo rat out of the cage and harvesting the ground beetles. According to the invention, by constructing a comprehensive ecological planting and breeding system, the soil beetles are fed by using the excrement generated by the bamboo rats and the residual food residues, so that the cultivation cost of the soil beetles is reduced; the bamboo rat manure is rich in various beneficial components, so that the nutritional requirements of the eupolyphaga are met; the bamboo rat manure after the decomposition of the eupolyphaga is discharged into a pasture planting area, so that the effect of saving fertilizer is achieved; the bamboo rats are fed with the pasture in the planting area as a basic feed ingredient, so that the feed investment is reduced, and the circulation of an ecological planting and breeding system is completed; by innovating the feed ratio, the feed with different ratios is fed in each growth stage, the requirements of bamboo rats in different growth stages on nutrition are met, and the fed bamboo rats are large in size, high in average weight and good in meat quality and taste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural livestock and poultry breeding, in particular to a low-cost environment-friendly breeding method for ecological bamboo rats.
Background
Bamboo rat, famous China bamboo rat (Rhizomys sinensis Gray) A small-and medium-sized rodent (Arundinacea, Potentilla anserina, bamboo rat, etc.) belonging to the class Mammalia, Rodentia and Phymatoidae and mainly belonging to the class Mammalia, is mainly inhabited under the bamboo forest or Mangifera indica in mountain slope and in cave, and is formed by the underground stem and root of bambooAnd tender branches are food, so the food is named after mainly eating bamboo, and the activity time is mostly in dusk or at night. The bamboo rat is a wild animal widely distributed in southern China, has high edible and medicinal values and is a precious wild species. The bamboo rat is good in quality, fine in meat quality, rich in nutrition, rich in various trace mineral elements and amino acids, comparable in nutritive value with beef, shrimp and the like, and vegetatively has the reputation of "Tianshangli and underground bamboo"; the bamboo rat oil decocted from bamboo rat fat can also be used for treating skin diseases such as burn and scald; along with the growth of bamboo rats in these years, the market demand is continuously increased, the market demand can not be obviously met only by wild capture, and the demand of artificial large-scale cultivation of the bamboo rats is brought forward.
At present, practice of artificially breeding bamboo rats for over ten years shows that the wild bamboo rats have long survival time, short artificial domestication time and large wild character. In the process of artificial containment, stress reaction of bamboo rats can be caused by various factors such as temperature change, noise, strangers entering a housing, and the like, and the bamboo rats are not eaten if the stress reaction is slight, and the bamboo rats are bitten or phagocytosed if the stress reaction is serious, so that unnecessary loss is brought to bamboo rat culture; at present, the bamboo rats are bred in dense pens by adopting cement boards or ceramic tiles and the like, the surrounding environment of the bamboo rats is mostly artificial, the bamboo rats are easy to degenerate, and the meat quality loses the wild flavor. The method for breeding the bamboo rats can efficiently and intensively breed the bamboo rats and can ensure the wild flavor of the bamboo rats, and becomes a new direction for breeding the bamboo rats.
The Eupolyphaga is selected from Arthropoda, Insecta, Blattales, and Trionychidae, commonly known as Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga and Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga. The types of the eupolyphaga mainly comprise Chinese eupolyphaga, Ji-ground eupolyphaga, golden-edge ground eupolyphaga and the like, wherein the Chinese eupolyphaga is wide in distribution and high in medicinal value, is a main eupolyphaga type sold in markets of China and is also a main breeding type of medicinal eupolyphaga of China. The ground beetle is used as a medicinal insect, the main medicine part of the ground beetle is a dry body of female ground beetle, and the ground beetle has the effects of breaking blood and removing stasis, reuniting menstruation and setting bone and the like; can be used for treating traumatic injury, injury of tendons and bones, amenorrhea due to blood stasis, puerperal abdominal pain due to blood stasis, abdominal mass, etc. The ground beetle is a omnivorous insect which is fond of eating fresh foods such as bran, rice bran, corn flour, broken coarse cereals, peanut cakes and the like, and meanwhile, the ground beetle is a decaying insect which can treat and digest animal excrement and has the effect of cleaning a breeding place. Attempts to stocking bamboo rats and ground beetles in an ecosystem have been rarely reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-cost environment-friendly ecological bamboo rat breeding method by building a comprehensive ecological breeding and breeding system and innovating a feed ratio of bamboo rats aiming at the problems in the background art.
In order to realize the breeding target, the low-cost environment-friendly breeding method of the ecological bamboo rat provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
the low-cost environment-friendly ecological bamboo rat breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting and pretreating a feeding field: selecting a sunny mountain slope with quiet surrounding environment, close to a water source and natural bamboo forest growth as a bamboo rat breeding field; after the land is leveled, a circle of fence with the height of 1m is built around the land to prevent the natural enemies from being harmed;
(2) constructing a comprehensive ecological planting and breeding system: constructing a comprehensive ecological planting and breeding system of the bamboo rats, the ground beetles and the pasture in the treated bamboo rat breeding field, and specifically comprising the following aspects:
a. constructing an upper bamboo rat breeding area: modifying a common three-layer bamboo rat breeding cage, and arranging a bracket at the bottom of the cage to lift the cage 30-40cm away from the ground; every two rows of cultivation cages are used as a cultivation row back to back, the width of 3-4m is reserved in the middle of each cultivation row to be used as a road and a planting area, and the width of the road is 40-50 cm; a row of sunshade rain shelters with the height of 20-30cm is built above each breeding row;
b. constructing a lower ground beetle culture area: dividing soil below the bamboo rat cage into a ground beetle culture area, performing plowing and loosening operation before use, and covering ground beetle culture soil with a depth of 3-5 cm; after the soil covering of the feeding soil is finished, the feeding soil is used for standby;
c. constructing a pasture planting area: in the last 10 months of the bamboo rat breeding money, after the grass seeds are disinfected and soaked, the grass seeds are sowed in a planned planting area, and the seed consumption of the grass per mu is 0.4-0.7 kg; the forage grass is one or more of alfalfa, long awn grass, ryegrass, corn forage grass and sweet elephant grass; after the pasture is mowed each time, the bamboo rat manure residues after the decomposition of the soil elements are used for topdressing operation; the other pasture management measures are the same as the common field planting;
(3) b, bamboo rat seed laying, ground beetle egg laying and feed management: selecting bamboo rat pups with strong physical constitution, uniform specification, no trauma and mild character after weaning, and breeding 3-5 pairs of bamboo rat pups in each square meter of bamboo rat cage; uniformly putting 200 and 300g of eupolyphaga eggs in each square meter of eupolyphaga culture area;
the bamboo rat feed management method comprises the following steps: weaned mice (35-60 days old) are mainly fed with basic feed, and robust additive is added; the ratio of the two is 40-50: 2-3; the growth promoting additive is added mainly into the basal feed in the young mouse period (60-100 days old); the ratio of the two is 30-40: 2-3; the fattening period (100-150 days old) is mainly based on basic feed, and quality-improving additives are added, wherein the weight ratio of the quality-improving additives to the basic feed is 20-30: 2-3; wherein the basic feed comprises the following components by weight: 80-100 parts of bamboo scraps, 30-40 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of bean pulp, 20-30 parts of bran, 10-20 parts of alfalfa, 10-20 parts of long mango grass, 10-20 parts of ryegrass, 10-20 parts of corn pasture, 10-20 parts of sweet elephant grass, 5-10 parts of akebia stem roots, 10-15 parts of sugarcane roots, 5-10 parts of bone meal and 1-2 parts of salt;
feeding the soil element with the bamboo rat feces produced every day; feeding the mown forage grass to bamboo rats according to the proportion in the feed management method; the other management measures are the same as the common bamboo rat breeding method;
(4) getting out the bamboo rat and harvesting the ground beetles: after the bamboo rats are bred for 150-180 days, selecting the bamboo rats meeting the commodity specification, and selling the bamboo rats out of the cages; after feeding the eupolyphaga for 5-6 months, selecting female eupolyphaga which meets the specifications of commodities, scalding the female eupolyphaga with boiling water, and drying and selling the female eupolyphaga.
The eupolyphaga feeding soil in the step (2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of mellow soil, 20-30 parts of rice hull ash, 10-20 parts of bamboo sawdust, 10-20 parts of wood sawdust, 10-15 parts of peanut shell powder, 6-10 parts of furfural slag and 40-50 parts of bamboo rat manure; wherein, the bamboo rat manure is from the upper bamboo rat breeding area.
The preparation method of the robust additive in the step (3) comprises the following steps: preparing 5-8 parts of pine needle, 6-8 parts of cactus, 7-10 parts of rheum officinale, 6-10 parts of sweet wormwood and 6-10 parts of motherwort according to parts by weight, washing and mashing the above components, mixing the components with 95% ethanol solution, leaching for 2-3h at 26-30 ℃, performing suction filtration, repeating for 3-4 times, combining filtrates, concentrating by using a vacuum rotary evaporator, performing water bath constant temperature of 56-60 ℃, performing water vacuum, concentrating into clear paste, mixing the clear paste with silicon dioxide according to a mass ratio of 1: 3, mixing and drying to obtain the robust additive, and sealing for later use.
The growth promoting additive in the step (3) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of arginine, 2-3 parts of methionine, 10-15 parts of stevioside, 3-5 parts of lysine, 2-3 parts of bacillus, 0.05-0.1 part of fumaric acid, 0.1-0.15 part of citric acid, 0.2-0.3 part of glucose oxidase, 0.6-0.8 part of VE, 0.6-1.0 part of saccharicterpenin and 0.5-0.8 part of microecological preparation.
The upgrading type additive in the step (3) comprises the following components in parts by weight: vitamin A2-4, vitamin B3-5, vitamin D3-5, vitamin E8-14, vitamin K2-3, calcium pantothenate 5-10, nicotinic acid 3-4, choline chloride 10-20, vitamin H15-21 and pteroylglutamic acid 3-5.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, by constructing a comprehensive ecological planting and breeding system, the soil beetles are fed by using the excrement generated by the bamboo rats and the residual food residues, so that the cultivation cost of the soil beetles is reduced; the bamboo rat manure is rich in various beneficial components, so that the nutritional requirements of the eupolyphaga are met; the bamboo rat manure after the decomposition of the eupolyphaga is discharged into a pasture planting area, so that the effect of saving fertilizer is achieved; the bamboo rats are fed with the pasture in the planting area as a basic feed ingredient, so that the feed investment is reduced, and the circulation of an ecological planting and breeding system is completed;
2. by innovating the feed ratio, the feed with different ratios is fed in each growth stage, the requirements of bamboo rats in different growth stages on nutrition are met, and the fed bamboo rats are large in size, high in average weight and good in meat quality and taste.
Detailed Description
The technical route of the present invention is explained below with reference to examples, and it should be noted that the following examples are only illustrative of the technical route of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
10 months in 2015, in order to verify the beneficial effects of the invention, a research team conducts related experimental research on hilly lands near a large culture base in a continuous cloud harbor, the used bamboo rat variety is a Chinese bamboo rat, and the used ground beetle variety is a Chinese ground beetle, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and pretreating a feeding field: selecting a sunny mountain slope with quiet surrounding environment, close to a water source and natural bamboo forest growth as a bamboo rat breeding field; after the land is leveled, a circle of fence with the height of 1m is built around the land to prevent the natural enemies from being harmed;
(2) constructing a comprehensive ecological planting and breeding system: constructing a comprehensive ecological planting and breeding system of the bamboo rats, the ground beetles and the pasture in the treated bamboo rat breeding field, and specifically comprising the following aspects:
a. constructing an upper bamboo rat breeding area: modifying a common three-layer bamboo rat breeding cage, and arranging a bracket at the bottom of the cage to be 35cm away from the ground; every two rows of cultivation cages are used as a cultivation row back to back, the width of 4m is reserved in the middle of each cultivation row to be used as a road and a planting area, and the width of the road is 40 cm; a sunshade rain shelter with the height of 25cm is built above each breeding row;
b. constructing a lower ground beetle culture area: dividing soil below the bamboo rat cage into a ground beetle culture area, performing plowing and loosening operation before use, and covering soil of 5cm with ground beetle culture soil; after the soil covering of the feeding soil is finished, the feeding soil is used for standby; the ground beetle feeding soil comprises the following components by weight: 90 parts of mellow soil, 25 parts of rice hull ash, 15 parts of bamboo sawdust, 15 parts of wood dust, 12 parts of peanut shell powder, 8 parts of furfural residues and 45 parts of bamboo rat manure; wherein the bamboo rat manure is from an upper layer bamboo rat breeding area;
c. constructing a pasture planting area: in the last 10 months of the old bamboo rat breeding money, after the grass seeds are disinfected and soaked, the grass seeds are sowed in a planned planting area, and the seed consumption of the grass per mu is 0.55 kg; the pasture is alfalfa, long awn grass, ryegrass, corn pasture and sweet elephant grass, and each pasture is planted at intervals; after the forage grass is mowed every time, topdressing operation is carried out by using bamboo rat manure after decomposition of soil elements; the other pasture management measures are the same as the common field planting;
(3) b, bamboo rat seed laying, ground beetle egg laying and feed management: selecting bamboo rat pups with strong physical constitution, uniform specification, no trauma and mild character after weaning, and breeding 4 pairs of bamboo rat pups in each square meter of bamboo rat cage; uniformly throwing 250g of ground beetle eggs in each square meter of ground beetle culture area;
the bamboo rat feed management method comprises the following steps: weaned mice (35-60 days old) are mainly fed with basic feed, and robust additive is added; the ratio between the two is 45: 2.5; the growth promoting additive is added mainly into the basal feed in the young mouse period (60-100 days old); the ratio between the two is 35: 2.5; the fattening period (100-150 days old) is mainly based on basic feed, and quality-improving additives are added, wherein the weight ratio of the quality-improving additives to the basic feed is 25: 2.5; wherein the basic feed comprises the following components by weight: 90 parts of bamboo scraps, 35 parts of corns, 25 parts of bean pulp, 25 parts of bran, 15 parts of alfalfa, 15 parts of long mango grass, 15 parts of ryegrass, 15 parts of corn forage grass, 15 parts of sweet elephant grass, 8 parts of akebia stems, 12 parts of sugarcane roots, 7 parts of bone meal and 1.5 parts of salt; the preparation method of the robust additive comprises the following steps: preparing 6.5 parts of pine needle, 7 parts of cactus, 78.5 parts of rheum officinale, 8 parts of sweet wormwood and 8 parts of motherwort according to parts by weight, washing and mashing the above components, mixing the components with 95% ethanol solution, leaching for 2.5h at 28 ℃, performing suction filtration, repeating for 3-4 times, combining filtrates, concentrating by using a vacuum rotary instrument evaporator, performing water bath constant temperature of 60 ℃, performing water vacuum, preparing into clear paste, and mixing the clear paste with silicon dioxide according to a mass ratio of 1: 3, mixing and drying to obtain the product. The growth promoting additive comprises the following components in percentage by weight: arginine 4, methionine 2.5, stevioside 12, lysine 4, bacillus 2.5, fumaric acid 0.08, citric acid 0.12, glucose oxidase 0.25, VE0.7, saccharicterpenin 0.8 and microecological preparation 0.65. The upgrading type additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: vitamin A3, vitamin B4, vitamin D4, vitamin E11, vitamin K2.5, calcium pantothenate 7.5, nicotinic acid 3.5, choline chloride 15, vitamin H18 and pteroylglutamic acid 4;
feeding soil elements with the bamboo rat manure produced every day, and feeding the mown forage grass to the bamboo rat according to the proportion in the feed management method; the other management measures are the same as the common bamboo rat breeding method;
(4) getting out the bamboo rat and harvesting the ground beetles: after the bamboo rats are bred for 150-180 days, selecting the bamboo rats meeting the commodity specification, and selling the bamboo rats out of the cages; after feeding the eupolyphaga for 5-6 months, selecting female eupolyphaga which meets the specification of a commodity, scalding the female eupolyphaga with boiling water, and drying and selling the female eupolyphaga; and finally counting the benefits of the two.
Example 2
By adopting a conventional method, 20 pairs of bamboo rats with the same source as that in the example 1 are bred, the used basic feed comprises bamboo roots and alfalfa, the feed additive comprises multiple vitamins of economic animals produced by Weinuo breed ltd of Zhuhai city, and the quality of the bred animals is measured and the breeding benefit is calculated.
Example 3
250g of eupolyphaga eggs with the same source as that in the example 1 are cultured by a conventional method, the used eupolyphaga feed is prepared according to the steps of the conventional method of 50 percent of wheat bran and fermentation material respectively, and 2 percent of bean flour is added in an adult stage to increase protein intake; calculating the culture benefit after the eupolyphaga is bred.
And (3) bamboo rat meat quality determination:
in examples 1 and 2, 5 bamboo rats are randomly selected, slaughtered and dissected, the biceps femoris muscles on the left and right sides are completely separated, wrapped by preservative films in batches and stored in a refrigerator at ‒ 4 ℃, and meat quality characters such as muscle shearing force, cooking loss, drip loss and the like are detected within 24h by the following method:
and (3) measuring the shearing force of the bamboo rat meat: measuring by using a TA-XTPlus texture analyzer;
and (3) measuring the water dropping loss of the bamboo rat meat: weighing 20g of meat sample by using an electronic balance, cutting into cubes, suspending the bamboo rat meat sample by using silk threads, covering a plastic bag to wrap the meat sample and tightly sealing the opening, and leaving a proper space between the meat sample and the bottom of the plastic bag to collect the water seeped out from the meat sample. Suspending at 4 deg.C for 24 hr, taking out meat sample, and drying with filter paper. And weighed again. Drip loss = (weight ‒ before meat sample is hung)/weight before meat sample is hung) × 100%. The results are shown in Table 1;
and (3) bamboo rat cooking loss determination: cutting a meat sample of 2.5cm, weighing with an electronic balance, bagging, inserting a thermometer into the center of the meat sample, tightening a bag opening, heating the meat sample in a water bath at 80 ℃, taking out when the central temperature of the meat sample reaches 70 ℃, cooling until the central temperature of the meat sample is room temperature, sucking water on the surface of the meat sample with filter paper, and weighing again. Cooking loss = (meat weight after cooking ‒ before cooking)/meat weight before cooking) × 100%. The results are shown in Table 1.
Shear force, drip loss and cooking loss of the meat quality are conventional indexes for evaluating the quality determination of edible meat at present, and data in a table 1 are analyzed, and the result shows that the meat quality of the bamboo rat cultured by the feed management method in the embodiment 1 is slightly superior to that in the embodiment 2 in all indexes, which is probably because all the pastures added in the feed management method are self-produced fresh pastures and simultaneously various beneficial elements beneficial to the growth of the bamboo rat, the quality of the bamboo rat meat is improved to a certain extent, and the bamboo rat meat with higher quality has better taste and flavor, so the bamboo rat meat is more popular with consumers.
The bamboo rat breeding cost and income statistical analysis are shown in the following table 2.
Analyzing the data in table 2, we found that by feeding bamboo rats using the route of the present invention, the breeding cost is reduced and the yield is greatly improved. Specifically, comparing example 1 and example 2, we found that the cost of the present invention is reduced compared to conventional bamboo rat breeding alone, since the grasses in the basal feed are all derived from fresh grasses produced by the planting area, thereby reducing the bamboo rat breeding cost; the bamboo rat income is increased because the feed conversion ratio of the bamboo rat is reduced after the feeding scheme of the bamboo rat is improved, so that the weight of the bamboo rat is increased, the quality of the bamboo rat is improved, and the other reason for the increase of the comprehensive income is the output of the ground beetles in the system. Comparing examples 1 and 3, it can be found that, compared with the conventional method for cultivating eupolyphaga, the method for feeding the bamboo rat manure to the eupolyphaga saves the cultivation cost of the eupolyphaga, and although the income is slightly reduced compared with the method for cultivating the eupolyphaga, the pure income of the whole cultivation farm is greatly increased.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The low-cost environment-friendly ecological bamboo rat breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting and pretreating a feeding field: selecting a sunny mountain slope with quiet surrounding environment, close to a water source and natural bamboo forest growth as a bamboo rat breeding field; after the land is leveled, a circle of fence with the height of 1m is built around the land to prevent the natural enemies from being harmed;
(2) constructing a comprehensive ecological planting and breeding system: constructing a comprehensive ecological planting and breeding system of the bamboo rats, the ground beetles and the pasture in the treated bamboo rat breeding field, and specifically comprising the following aspects:
a. constructing an upper bamboo rat breeding area: modifying a common three-layer bamboo rat breeding cage, and arranging a bracket at the bottom of the cage to lift the cage 30-40cm away from the ground; every two rows of cultivation cages are used as a cultivation row back to back, the width of 3-4m is reserved in the middle of each cultivation row to be used as a road and a planting area, and the width of the road is 40-50 cm; a row of sunshade rain shelters with the height of 20-30cm is built above each breeding row;
b. constructing a lower ground beetle culture area: dividing soil below the bamboo rat cage into a ground beetle culture area, performing plowing and loosening operation before use, and covering ground beetle culture soil with a depth of 3-5 cm; after the soil covering of the feeding soil is finished, the feeding soil is used for standby;
c. constructing a pasture planting area: in the last 10 months of the bamboo rat breeding money, after the grass seeds are disinfected and soaked, the grass seeds are sowed in a planned planting area, and the seed consumption of the grass per mu is 0.4-0.7 kg; the forage grass is one or more of alfalfa, long awn grass, ryegrass, corn forage grass and sweet elephant grass; after the pasture is mowed each time, the bamboo rat manure residues after the decomposition of the soil elements are used for topdressing operation; the other pasture management measures are the same as the common field planting;
(3) b, bamboo rat seed laying, ground beetle egg laying and feed management: selecting bamboo rat pups with strong physical constitution, uniform specification, no trauma and mild character after weaning, and breeding 3-5 pairs of bamboo rat pups in each square meter of bamboo rat cage; uniformly putting 200 and 300g of eupolyphaga eggs in each square meter of eupolyphaga culture area;
the bamboo rat feed management method comprises the following steps: weaned mice (35-60 days old) are mainly fed with basic feed, and robust additive is added; the ratio of the two is 40-50: 2-3; the growth promoting additive is added mainly into the basal feed in the young mouse period (60-100 days old); the ratio of the two is 30-40: 2-3; the fattening period (100-150 days old) is mainly based on basic feed, and quality-improving additives are added, wherein the weight ratio of the quality-improving additives to the basic feed is 20-30: 2-3; wherein the basic feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of bamboo scraps, 30-40 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of bean pulp, 20-30 parts of bran, 10-20 parts of alfalfa, 10-20 parts of long mango grass, 10-20 parts of ryegrass, 10-20 parts of corn pasture, 10-20 parts of sweet elephant grass, 5-10 parts of akebia stem root, 10-15 parts of sugarcane root, 5-10 parts of bone meal and 1-2 parts of salt;
feeding the soil element with the bamboo rat feces produced every day; feeding the mown forage grass to bamboo rats according to the proportion in the feed management method; the other management measures are the same as the common bamboo rat breeding method;
(4) getting out the bamboo rat and harvesting the ground beetles: after the bamboo rats are bred for 150-180 days, selecting the bamboo rats meeting the commodity specification, and selling the bamboo rats out of the cages; after feeding the eupolyphaga for 5-6 months, selecting female eupolyphaga which meets the specifications of commodities, scalding the female eupolyphaga with boiling water, and drying and selling the female eupolyphaga.
2. The ecological bamboo rat low-cost environment-friendly cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil element feeding soil component in the step (2) is calculated by weight parts: 80-100 parts of mellow soil, 20-30 parts of rice hull ash, 10-20 parts of bamboo sawdust, 10-20 parts of wood chips, 10-15 parts of peanut shell powder, 6-10 parts of furfural slag and 40-50 parts of bamboo rat manure; wherein, the bamboo rat manure is from the upper bamboo rat breeding area.
3. The ecological bamboo rat low-cost environment-friendly cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the robust additive in the step (3) is as follows: preparing 5-8 parts of pine needle, 6-8 parts of cactus, 7-10 parts of rheum officinale, 6-10 parts of sweet wormwood and 6-10 parts of motherwort according to parts by weight, washing and mashing the above components, mixing the components with 95% ethanol solution, leaching for 2-3h at 26-30 ℃, performing suction filtration, repeating for 3-4 times, combining filtrates, concentrating by using a vacuum rotary evaporator, performing water bath constant temperature of 56-60 ℃, performing water vacuum, concentrating into clear paste, mixing the clear paste with silicon dioxide according to a mass ratio of 1: 3, mixing and drying to obtain the robust additive, and sealing for later use.
4. The ecological bamboo rat low-cost environment-friendly cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the growth promoting additive in the step (3) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of arginine, 2-3 parts of methionine, 10-15 parts of stevioside, 3-5 parts of lysine, 2-3 parts of bacillus, 0.05-0.1 part of fumaric acid, 0.1-0.15 part of citric acid, 0.2-0.3 part of glucose oxidase, 0.6-0.8 part of VE, 0.6-1.0 part of saccharicterpenin and 0.5-0.8 part of a microecological preparation.
5. The ecological bamboo rat low-cost environment-friendly breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the quality-improved additive in the step (3) comprises the following components in parts by weight: vitamin A2-4 parts, vitamin B3-5 parts, vitamin D3-5 parts, vitamin E8-14 parts, vitamin K2-3 parts, calcium pantothenate 5-10 parts, nicotinic acid 3-4 parts, choline chloride 10-20 parts, vitamin H15-21 parts and pteroylglutamic acid 3-5 parts.
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