CN109482212B - Preparation of low-temperature self-assembled molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst and application of catalyst in biomass hydrodeoxygenation - Google Patents
Preparation of low-temperature self-assembled molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst and application of catalyst in biomass hydrodeoxygenation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a low-temperature self-assembled molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst and application of the catalyst in biomass hydrodeoxygenation, and belongs to the field of biomass energy science and technology. The molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst is controllably prepared by self-assembly and low-temperature pyrolysis by taking an oxygen-containing molybdenum source aqueous solution and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound as raw materials. The method realizes the ultralow-temperature template-free controllable preparation of the molybdenum carbide nanowires with different stoichiometric ratios, has rich raw material storage, simple and convenient operation and simple and controllable process flow, and is suitable for large-scale production. The prepared molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst has good application prospect in hydrodeoxygenation of biomass such as benzofuran, diphenyl ether and fatty acid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biomass energy science and technology, and relates to a low-temperature self-assembled molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst and application thereof in biomass hydrodeoxygenation. Specifically, the molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst is prepared from an oxygen-containing molybdenum source water solution and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound serving as raw materials through self-assembly and low-temperature pyrolysis (<500 ℃), and the high-efficiency hydrodeoxygenation of biomass such as benzofuran, diphenyl ether and fatty acid can be realized under mild conditions. The method can realize the ultralow-temperature template-free controllable preparation of the molybdenum carbide nanowires with different stoichiometric ratios, has rich raw material storage, simple and convenient operation and simple and controllable process, is suitable for large-scale production, and has good application prospect in the field of biomass conversion.
Background
At present, the oil reserves are continuously reduced, the energy crisis becomes a very serious problem which people must face, and therefore new energy is continuously developed to meet the increasing energy demand of people. Biomass is considered to be a very potential petroleum alternative energy source as a clean renewable energy source. However, biomass contains a large amount of oxygen-containing compounds such as acid, phenol, furan and the like, and accounts for about half of the content of all substances, so that the biomass has low combustion value, poor stability and corrosiveness. This has limited its use and in order to make it fully useful and at the same time alleviate the energy crisis, we have first of all the task of hydrodeoxygenation to reduce its oxygen content. Biomass refers to all organic matter formed by photosynthesis of plants, and its scope includes very broadly all organisms that can grow life. Representative of these are plant and animal excreta. It stores solar energy in the form of chemical energy in the organic body, called biomass energy, which has the characteristics of low pollution, renewability, wide distribution and the like. Therefore, the biomass energy must be deoxidized and refined to improve the energy utilization rate. Generally, commercial Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) catalysts are derived from Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts. Therefore, the types of the hydrodeoxygenation reaction catalysts are rich, and the supported bimetallic sulfide or bimetallic alloy catalyst such as Ni-Mo/Al2O3、NiMoSxAnd the like, as noble metal catalysts, Pt, Ru, and the like. The noble metal catalyst has higher cost and lower activity of metal sulfide. Therefore, a catalyst is required to solve these problems. The transition metal carbide shows the catalytic property of noble metal in a plurality of hydrogen-involved reactions such as ammonia synthesis and decomposition, Hydrodesulfurization (HDS), Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and the like, and the cost is higher than that of the transition metal carbideLow in cost, thereby having wide application prospect in the aspect of hydrodeoxygenation.
Transition metal carbides are intermetallic compounds formed by insertion of carbon atoms into the metal lattice. Due to the insertion of carbon atoms, the lattice spacing is increased, the lattice parameter is enlarged, the d band of the metal is contracted, and the electron density of the Fermi level d is increased, so that the noble metal-like property is shown. Therefore, carbides, particularly molybdenum carbide, attract more and more attention due to the characteristics of low price, abundant reserves and the like. Among many hydrogen-involved reactions, molybdenum carbide exhibits the catalytic properties of its noble-metal-like materials and is also considered as a highly potential substitute for noble metal catalysts.
The method for synthesizing molybdenum carbide is various, and the new preparation method of molybdenum carbide is infinite. In general, there are 3 methods for synthesizing molybdenum carbide: (1) carbothermic reduction, which involves mixing molybdenum salt with solid carbon such as carbon black, activated carbon, etc. and then calcining at high temperature (US2285837, US4914070), high temperature tends to sinter molybdenum carbide particles and cause severe surface carbon coating, and low specific surface area. (2) The temperature programmed reduction method is a process of carbonizing by setting a temperature programmed program under the atmosphere of molybdenum oxide and light hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane and the like or the mixed atmosphere of the light hydrocarbons and hydrogen, and the method is simple to operate, but carbon deposition can still be generated at high temperature by the carbonized gas, and the specific surface area is reduced by covering active sites. (3) The microwave pyrolysis method is an improvement of the carbothermic reduction method, namely, metal molybdenum or molybdenum oxide is mixed with solid carbon, and single-phase molybdenum carbide is prepared by microwave heating within 90 seconds. The method has short preparation time, small and uniform material particles, but still has the problem of carbon residue. In addition, chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal method, single-source precursor method, and the like are available. However, the above synthesis approach still has some problems in rapidly and simply preparing a molybdenum carbide catalyst having excellent morphology controllability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-temperature self-assembled molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst and application thereof in biomass hydrodeoxygenation. The preparation method of the molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst is simple and convenient in process, low in cost and low in energy consumption, has high catalytic activity and stability in hydrodeoxygenation reactions of biomass such as benzofuran, diphenyl ether, fatty acid and the like, and effectively replaces a noble metal catalyst to a certain extent.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a low-temperature self-assembly molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing molybdate aqueous solution and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, adjusting the temperature to 10-110 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6.5-3, and reacting for 4-60h to obtain molybdenum-containing metal organic precursor by self-assembly; and (3) carrying out constant temperature 1-4h on the collected substances in a mixed gas of hydrogen and one of argon or argon at the temperature of 450-700 ℃, and carrying out one-step pyrolysis to obtain the molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst.
The molar ratio of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound to Mo is 0.5-3, wherein the optimal ratio is 0.8-1.5.
The molybdate is ammonium molybdate, phosphomolybdic acid, sodium molybdate or silicomolybdic acid.
The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole or a triazole derivative.
The prepared molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst has high catalytic activity and stability in the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of biomass such as benzofuran, diphenyl ether and fatty acid, and the deoxygenation rate reaches 100%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for preparing molybdenum carbide with different morphologies and Mo/C ratios by low-temperature self-assembly has the advantages of simple and easy realization of preparation process, simple and safe operation, easily controlled process parameters, linear, rectangular, strip-shaped and other morphologies of the obtained molybdenum carbide catalyst, no need of additional template agent, extremely low pyrolysis temperature, application in biomass conversion such as benzofuran, diphenyl ether and fatty acid hydrodeoxygenation reaction and good catalytic effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of molybdenum carbide obtained by pyrolysis of a precursor of the present invention at 460 ℃ for 4h under a mixed gas of argon and hydrogen
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of molybdenum carbide nanowires obtained by 460 ℃ pyrolysis for 4h under a mixed atmosphere in the invention
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
1.2358g of ammonium molybdate is dissolved in 60mL of deionized water, 0.4708g of 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole is added into the solution, and a light yellow clear solution is obtained after the ammonium molybdate is fully dissolved; the mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 12h without precipitation.
Example 2
1.2358g of ammonium molybdate is dissolved in 60mL of deionized water, 0.4708g of 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole is added into the solution, and a light yellow clear solution is obtained after the ammonium molybdate is fully dissolved; continuously stirring the mixed solution at 70 ℃ for 12h to obtain light yellow precipitate, filtering, collecting the precipitate and drying at 80 ℃; and putting the quartz boat filled with the light yellow powder into a tube furnace, heating to 460 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min in a mixed atmosphere of 40 mL/min argon and 20 mL/min hydrogen, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, closing the gas, and naturally cooling to obtain the molybdenum carbide material. And performing SEM characterization on the prepared molybdenum carbide to obtain the nanowire shown in the figure 2.
Example 3
1.2358g of ammonium molybdate is dissolved in 60mL of deionized water, 0.7063g of 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole is added into the solution, and a light yellow clear solution is obtained after the ammonium molybdate is fully dissolved; continuously stirring the mixed solution at 70 ℃ for 12h to obtain light yellow precipitate, filtering, collecting the precipitate and drying at 80 ℃; and putting the quartz boat filled with the light yellow powder into a tube furnace, heating to 460 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min in a mixed atmosphere of 40 mL/min argon and 20 mL/min hydrogen, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, closing the gas, and naturally cooling to obtain the molybdenum carbide material. XRD characterization is carried out on the prepared molybdenum carbide to obtain figure 1.
Example 3
1.2358g of ammonium molybdate is dissolved in 60mL of deionized water, 0.7063g of 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole is added into the solution, and a light yellow clear solution is obtained after the ammonium molybdate is fully dissolved; continuously stirring the mixed solution at 10 ℃ for 12h to obtain light yellow precipitate, filtering, collecting the precipitate and drying at 80 ℃; and (3) putting the quartz boat filled with the light yellow powder into a tube furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min in the inert atmosphere of 40 mL/min argon, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, closing the gas, and naturally cooling to obtain the molybdenum carbide material.
Example 4
1.2358g of ammonium molybdate is dissolved in 60mL of deionized water, 0.7063g of 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole is added into the solution, and a light yellow clear solution is obtained after the ammonium molybdate is fully dissolved; continuously stirring the mixed solution at 110 ℃ for 12h to obtain light yellow precipitate, filtering, collecting the precipitate and drying at 80 ℃; and (3) putting the quartz boat filled with the light yellow powder into a tube furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min in the inert atmosphere of 40 mL/min argon, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, closing the gas, and naturally cooling to obtain the molybdenum carbide material.
Example 5
1.2358g of ammonium molybdate is dissolved in 60mL of deionized water at 10 ℃, 0.7063g of 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole is added into the solution, and a light yellow clear solution is obtained after the ammonium molybdate is fully dissolved; adjusting the pH of the solution to 6.5 with acetic acid and stirring at 10 deg.C for 12h to obtain light yellow precipitate, filtering, collecting and drying at 80 deg.C; and (3) putting the quartz boat filled with the light yellow powder into a tube furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min in the inert atmosphere of 40 mL/min argon, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, closing the gas, and naturally cooling to obtain the molybdenum carbide material.
Example 6
1.2358g of ammonium molybdate is dissolved in 60mL of deionized water at 10 ℃, 0.7063g of 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole is added into the solution, and a light yellow clear solution is obtained after the ammonium molybdate is fully dissolved; adjusting the pH of the solution to 3 with acetic acid and stirring at 10 deg.C for 12h to obtain light yellow precipitate, filtering, collecting and drying at 80 deg.C; and (3) putting the quartz boat filled with the light yellow powder into a tube furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min in the inert atmosphere of 40 mL/min argon, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, closing the gas, and naturally cooling to obtain the molybdenum carbide material.
EXAMPLE 7
The molybdenum carbide catalyst in the example 3 is applied to the fatty acid hydrodeoxygenation reaction, 0.05g of molybdenum carbide nano-wire is taken to carry out hydrodeoxygenation on 1.2 percent of palmitic acid in a fixed bed reactor under the condition of hydrogen pressure of 4MPa and the temperature of 330 ℃, the conversion rate and the deoxygenation conversion rate are close to 100 percent, and the alkane selectivity is as high as 99.2 percent
EXAMPLE 8
The molybdenum carbide catalyst in the example 3 is applied to the diphenyl ether hydrodeoxygenation reaction, 0.1g of molybdenum carbide nano-wires are taken to perform hydrodeoxygenation on 5 percent of diphenyl ether in a fixed bed reactor under the condition of 0.5MPa of hydrogen and 280 ℃, the conversion rate and the deoxygenation conversion rate are close to 100 percent, and the benzene selectivity is as high as 95.4 percent
EXAMPLE 9
The molybdenum carbide catalyst in the example 3 is applied to the diphenyl ether hydrodeoxygenation reaction, 0.1g of molybdenum carbide nano wire is taken, 5% of benzofuran is subjected to hydrodeoxygenation in a fixed bed reactor under the condition of hydrogen pressure of 3MPa and the temperature of 320 ℃, the conversion rate is 97.8%, the conversion rate of deoxygenation is close to 100%, and the selectivity of ethylbenzene is as high as 92.4%.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a low-temperature self-assembled molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly mixing molybdate aqueous solution and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, adjusting the temperature to 10-110 ℃, adjusting the pH to 6.5-3, and reacting for 4-60h to obtain molybdenum-containing metal organic precursor by self-assembly; keeping the collected substances at the constant temperature of 450-700 ℃ for 1-4h in argon or a mixed gas of argon and hydrogen, and performing one-step pyrolysis to obtain a molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst;
the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole or a triazole derivative.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound to Mo is from 0.5 to 3.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound to Mo is from 0.8 to 1.5.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the molybdate is ammonium molybdate, phosphomolybdic acid, sodium molybdate or silicomolybdic acid.
5. The low-temperature self-assembled molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst prepared by the preparation method of the molybdenum carbide nanowire catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is used for hydrodeoxygenation reaction of biomass.
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| CN111111730B (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2023-03-28 | 浙江师范大学 | Molybdenum carbide catalyst, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111686774B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-03-16 | 西安交通大学 | High-stability monatomic platinum-based catalytic material, preparation method and application in purification of oxygen-containing volatile hydrocarbon |
| CN113200807B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2023-04-28 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Method for preparing high-purity C16 and C18 normal mono-alkane |
| CN114214640A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-03-22 | 武汉科技大学 | Biomass carbon-based nano molybdenum carbide-molybdenum nitride heterojunction composite catalyst and method |
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