CN109482167A - 一种光催化剂喷雾及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光催化剂喷雾及其制备方法，将硫酸氧钛与四乙氧基硅烷的混合溶液在氨水和乙二醇单***的作用下经过沉淀、过滤、水洗、煅烧形成成粉体；将粉体均匀分散在分散液中，并加入成膜剂，制成前驱液；前驱液加入喷雾罐，采用一步压力罐装法充入抛射剂后密封制得光催化剂喷雾。本方法工艺简单，反应时间短，生成的纳米球体的组成均匀，二氧化钛均匀分布在二氧化硅纳米球中，该纳米球不仅能在光照下分解有害物质，还能吸附有害物质，提高了二氧化钛的利用率，本方法制成的光催化喷雾对喷涂方式的要求较低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及空气净化领域，特别是一种光催化剂喷雾及其制备方法。
背景技术
光催化剂以二氧化钛为代表，二氧化钛在吸收太阳光或照明光源中的紫外线后，能够发生氧化还原反应，表面形成强氧化性的氢氧自由基和超氧阴离子自由基，将空气中游离的有害物质分解成无害的二氧化碳和水，从而达到净化空气目的。并且光催化剂在常温条件下就可以发生氧化还原反应。室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯等含量超过限定标准就会严重危害人体健康，需要采取有效的室内空气净化措施。现有的光催化剂喷雾一般包括光催化剂和成膜剂，使用时喷在释放有害物质的物体上，比如层压板，清漆表面等。现有的光催化及喷雾存在的问题是，如果业主在装修完成后后才使用光催化剂喷雾，那么游离在空气中的有害物质就难以被捕捉到，这部分有害物质就不能被光催化剂分解。并且，喷撒光催化剂喷雾时，对喷洒方法也有较高要求，喷洒要均匀并且几乎完全覆盖释放有害物质的物体表面，如果喷洒量不够或喷洒不均匀，就会有部分有害物质未被光催化剂喷雾催化就挥发到空气中，之所以对喷洒方法要求高，是因为现有的光催化喷雾不具备捕捉有害物质的能力，只能通过喷涂时候完全覆盖在散播有害物质的物体表面，才能阻挡有害物质挥发并且将有害物质分解。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：提供一种光催化剂喷雾及其制备方法，具有能够捕捉有害物质的优点。
本发明解决其技术问题的解决方案是：
一种光催化剂喷雾的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
s1、取硫酸氧钛1～2克溶于稀硫酸制成溶液5～50毫升；
s2、加入2～5毫升四乙氧基硅烷到步骤s1得到的溶液中，搅拌均匀；
s3、缓慢地将5～20毫升的氨水、20～70毫升乙二醇单***同时加入步骤s2得到的溶液中，保持搅拌；
s4、将步骤s3得到的沉淀物过滤，水洗，煅烧成粉体；
s5、将步骤s4得到的粉体均匀分散在分散液中，得到悬浮液；
s6、在步骤s5得到的悬浮液中加入成膜剂，高速搅拌得到分散均匀的前驱液；
s7、按照填充量为10～80％的比例将步骤s7得到的前驱液加入喷雾罐，采用一步压力罐装法充入抛射剂后密封。
现有技术中常用的光催化剂包括纳米二氧化钛、纳米三氧化钨、纳米氧化锌等粉体，三种纳米粉体都可以采用均匀沉淀法制备，其中纳米二氧化钛的制备条件最温和，纳米三氧化钨需要在强酸中沉淀制得，纳米氧化锌的制备对溶液的PH范围有很高的要求，因为沉淀物氢氧化锌具有两性。为了将光催化剂与硅元素同时沉淀，所以采用沉淀条件接近的纳米二氧化钛作为光催化剂。
用稀硫酸溶解硫酸氧钛可以防止提前析出氢氧化钛，保证硫酸氧钛充分溶解；四乙氧基硅烷溶解于极性溶剂，将硫酸氧钛和四乙氧基硅烷搅拌均匀的目的是使步骤s3制备得到的沉淀中钛元素与硅元素均匀混合，步骤s2中可以采用高速搅拌或适当升温至45度左右，使得步骤s2值得的溶液更加均匀；步骤s3中加入氨水和乙二醇单***，搅拌时，生成相互包裹的混合物晶体；由于乙二醇单***的作用，煅烧后生成的混合物粉体是多孔状的纳米球；可以采用高速沙磨机将步骤s4得到的粉体均匀分散在分散液中。
本方法工艺简单，反应时间短，生成的纳米球体的组成均匀，二氧化钛均匀分布在二氧化硅纳米球中，该纳米球不仅能在光照下分解有害物质，还能吸附有害物质，提高了二氧化钛的利用率，本方法制成的光催化喷雾对喷涂方式的要求较低。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述稀硫酸的PH值为5.5～6.5。用弱酸性的溶液防止氢氧化钛被析出，提高其溶解度，但又不至于消耗太多氨水，以至于后续和氨水反应释放过多热量，引起乙二醇单***挥发。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，加入乙二醇单***的速率是30～70毫升每分钟，乙二醇单***加完后，再继续加氨水5～15秒。缓慢加入避免产生大量热，并且，给予充分的时间来搅拌，使得混合物晶体分散更加均匀。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述分散液为1～5％多聚钛酸胶体与95～99％的去离子水的混合物，或为1～5％多聚钛酸胶体与95～99％的乙醇的混合物。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述成膜剂为纳米二氧化钛溶胶。
一种光催化剂喷雾，由以上任一项的光催化剂喷雾的制备方法制得。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的方法制备的光催化喷雾，主要成分是多孔二氧化硅包裹二氧化钛的纳米球体，光催化分解有害物质的同时还能够吸附有害物质，提高二氧化钛的利用率，降低光催化喷雾的有效喷洒的难度。
具体实施方式
实施例一：
取硫酸氧钛2克、四乙氧基硅烷5毫升，溶于PH值为6的稀硫酸30毫升，搅拌均匀；将15毫升的氨水、50毫升乙二醇单***分别装入两个分液漏斗备用，其中，氨水的PH值为9，同时将两个分液漏斗打开，加入前一步得到的溶液中，保持搅拌，乙二醇单***滴完后，保持搅拌，氨水再继续滴加10秒，剩余的氨水舍去，舍去的氨水为3.3毫升；将上一步得到的沉淀物过滤，水洗，在500摄氏度煅烧5小时制得纳米粉体；按重量份称取5份纳米粉体、2份多聚钛酸胶体与93份去离子水充分混合，得到悬浮液；按重量比称取悬浮液85份、纳米二氧化钛溶胶15份，高速搅拌得到分散均匀的前驱液；按照填充量为70％的比例将前驱液加入喷雾罐，采用一步压力罐装法充入抛射剂后密封。
实施例二：
取硫酸氧钛3克、四乙氧基硅烷5毫升，溶于PH值为6的稀硫酸30毫升，搅拌均匀；将15毫升的氨水、50毫升乙二醇单***分别装入两个分液漏斗备用，其中，氨水的PH值为9，同时将两个分液漏斗打开，加入前一步得到的溶液中，保持搅拌，乙二醇单***滴完后，保持搅拌，氨水再继续滴加10秒，剩余的氨水舍去，舍去的氨水为3.5毫升；将上一步得到的沉淀物过滤，水洗，在500摄氏度煅烧5小时制得纳米粉体；按重量份称取5份纳米粉体、2份多聚钛酸胶体与93份去离子水充分混合，得到悬浮液；按重量比称取悬浮液85份、纳米二氧化钛溶胶15份，高速搅拌得到分散均匀的前驱液；按照填充量为70％的比例将前驱液加入喷雾罐，采用一步压力罐装法充入抛射剂后密封。
实施例三：
取硫酸氧钛4克、四乙氧基硅烷5毫升，溶于PH值为6的稀硫酸30毫升，搅拌均匀；将15毫升的氨水、50毫升乙二醇单***分别装入两个分液漏斗备用，其中，氨水的PH值为9，同时将两个分液漏斗打开，加入前一步得到的溶液中，保持搅拌，乙二醇单***滴完后，保持搅拌，氨水再继续滴加10秒，剩余的氨水舍去，舍去的氨水为3.5毫升；将上一步得到的沉淀物过滤，水洗，在500摄氏度煅烧5小时制得纳米粉体；按重量份称取5份纳米粉体、2份多聚钛酸胶体与93份去离子水充分混合，得到悬浮液；按重量比称取悬浮液85份、纳米二氧化钛溶胶15份，高速搅拌得到分散均匀的前驱液；按照填充量为70％的比例将前驱液加入喷雾罐，采用一步压力罐装法充入抛射剂后密封。
参考《QB/T2761-2006室内空气净化产品净化效果测定方法》测定，具体测试报告如表1所示，被测污染物是甲醛，测试持续时间24小时。
表1
| 试验舱浓度(mg/m<sup>3</sup>) | 去除率(％) | |
| 实施例一 | 22 | 77.8％ |
| 实施例二 | 14 | 85.9％ |
| 实施例三 | 12 | 87.9％ |
| 空白组 | 99.5 | 0 |
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳实施例而已，故不能以此限定本发明实施的范围，即依本发明申请专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰，皆应仍属本发明专利涵盖的范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种光催化剂喷雾的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
s1、取硫酸氧钛1～2克溶于稀硫酸制成溶液5～50毫升；
s2、加入2～5毫升四乙氧基硅烷到步骤s1得到的溶液中，搅拌均匀；
s3、缓慢地将5～20毫升的氨水、20～70毫升乙二醇单***同时加入步骤s2得到的溶液中，保持搅拌；
s4、将步骤s3得到的沉淀物过滤，水洗，煅烧成粉体；
s5、将步骤s4得到的粉体均匀分散在分散液中，得到悬浮液；
s6、在步骤s5得到的悬浮液中加入成膜剂，高速搅拌得到分散均匀的前驱液；
s7、按照填充量为10～80％的比例将步骤s7得到的前驱液加入喷雾罐，采用一步压力罐装法充入抛射剂后密封。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种光催化剂喷雾的制备方法，其特征在于：所述稀硫酸的PH值为5.5～6.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种光催化剂喷雾的制备方法，其特征在于：加入乙二醇单***的速率是30～70毫升每分钟，乙二醇单***加完后，再继续加氨水5～15秒。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种光催化剂喷雾的制备方法，其特征在于：所述分散液为1～5％多聚钛酸胶体与95～99％的去离子水的混合物，或为1～5％多聚钛酸胶体与95～99％的乙醇的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种光催化剂喷雾的制备方法，其特征在于：所述成膜剂为纳米二氧化钛溶胶。
6.一种光催化剂喷雾，其特征在于：由权利要求1～5中任一项的光催化剂喷雾的制备方法制得。
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