CN109479657A - A kind of modification method of lily no-tillage cultivation - Google Patents
A kind of modification method of lily no-tillage cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN109479657A CN109479657A CN201811487748.3A CN201811487748A CN109479657A CN 109479657 A CN109479657 A CN 109479657A CN 201811487748 A CN201811487748 A CN 201811487748A CN 109479657 A CN109479657 A CN 109479657A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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Abstract
A kind of modification method of lily no-tillage cultivation, it is related to crops ecological cultivation technical field.It is comprised the following steps: 7-35 days before sowing, entirely and surrounding field bund sprays the raw type herbicide that goes out, is killing in ground and the weeds of field bund, it can manually or unmanned plane sprays；After weeds are withered, ground weeds and sundries are cleaned out, it is desirable that compartment ditch, which is higher than, encloses ditch, and the soil that trench digging is dug out is put into furrow face.After by adopting the above technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: in no-tillage middle setting groove, and lily ball is placed in groove, cover organic mat or/and soil, then matched film special is covered again, ground temperature, moisturizing and control weeds can be effectively improved, be conducive to early hair, the growth-promoting of lily, it improves the yield and quality, overcomes that lily in the prior art needs to cover a large amount of organic mats after directly sowing in furrow face, lily ball is easy exposed in the bad reddish violet of commodity and to take root unstable and lodge.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crops ecological cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of modification method of lily no-tillage cultivation.
Background technique
Lily is the general name of monocotyledon subclass Liliaceae lilium, and the lily whole world is perennial there are about more than 90 kinds
Persistent root herbs, medical value, economic value and ornamental value are very high.Edible and officinal lily bulb is by tens of valve scales
Embrace, sweet in flavor, slight bitter, it is mild-natured, there is invigorating heart and lung, function of spleen and stomach regulating, yin-nourishing to relieve summer heat and other effects.The price of lily in recent years
It rises steadily, lily cultivated area just increases on a large scale, and only one, Longshan county, 2016 annual planting areas reach more than 8.2 ten thousand mus, always
7.8 ten thousand tons of yield, have become the mainstay industry that peasant lifts oneself out of poverty, increases income.
The traditional cultural method of lily carries out turning over arable soil, ploughs the sport technique segments such as grading furrow, tillage and weeding, this
The shortcomings that kind of method is to turn over arable soil to need big energy, and ploughing need to pay wages a large amount of service charge with weeding work, damage
Tool and waste fertilizer are ploughed, therefore, traditional lily culture method high production cost, energy consumption is high, cannot be applicable in existing
The needs of ecological low-carbon agriculture production development.
Chinese patent ZL201510267386.7 discloses a kind of method of lily no-tillage cultivation, through overtesting and demonstration kind
Hair transplant is existing, and there are still following disadvantages for the lily no-tillage cultivation method: after placing lily ball, bulb is exposed in order to prevent, needs
Cover a large amount of organic matter, thus increased production cost and recruitment of covering etc., although covering can control section it is miscellaneous
Grass, but remaining weeds remove difficulty, it, can be with covering when extracting weeds since weeds are with covering weave in
Object is extracted together with lily ball, while organic mat tiling is affected vulnerable to wind and rain water, and lily ball is easy naked
In the reddish violet lily that commodity is bad after dew, nutrient is easy to be lost, larger to the growth and qualitative effects of lily, furthermore plants
Lily seedling strain easily lodge, lead to the underproduction.In order to make up the deficiency of present technology, the present invention provides a kind of steps simply, has
Machine covering dosage is less, does not need that weeding, production cost is low, labor intensity is low, lily yield and product in the lily time of infertility
The modification method of the higher lily no-tillage cultivation of matter.
Summary of the invention
In view of the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention intends to provide a kind of improvement sides of lily no-tillage cultivation
Method, operating procedure is simple, covering is less, do not needed in the lily time of infertility weeding, production cost is low, labor intensity is low, section
About fertilizer, lily yield and quality are more preferable.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is using following technical scheme: it is comprised the following steps:
One, 7-35 days before sowing, entirely and surrounding field bund sprays the raw type herbicide that goes out, the weeds in ground with field bund are killed, it can
It is sprayed with artificial or unmanned plane；
Two, after weeds are withered, ground weeds and sundries are cleaned out, can using manually or mechanically hold successfully compartment ditch [it is wide ×
Depth=(25-60) cm × (8-30) cm], enclose ditch [width × depth=(30-60) cm × (18-45) cm], it is desirable that compartment ditch, which is higher than, encloses ditch,
The soil that digs out of trench digging is put into furrow face, it is ensured that the wide 1-2m of furrow face be advisable (such as preceding stubble is provided with the compartment ditch of above data, enclose ditch and
Furrow face can retain original appearance)；
It three, can be [wide × deep using the lily sowing groove for manually or mechanically excavating vertical compartment ditch in furrow face after smooth furrow face
=(10-20) cm × (8-15) cm], the line space between groove midline position be (25-40) cm；
Four, compound fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in groove or organic fertilizer makees base fertilizer；
Five, it breaks into lily ball into two with one's hands small bulb, small bulb is carried out with the water solubility of potassium permanganate, carbendazim and cymoxanil mancozeb
Immersion treatment is pulled out directly to dry surface moisture or pull out not dry directly to spread fertilizer over the fields on lily surface and be sprayed with fungicide aqueous solution
The plant ash or talcum powder crossed are conducive to absorb excessive moisture in lily ball, and protection lily ball avoids germ from infecting, sows
After be not easy rotten kind, be conducive to the normal growth and development of lily ball；
Six, the small bulb of the lily handled well is put into groove, is careful not to be placed directly on fertilizer, prevent from burning bulb, lily
The sowing line space of small bulb is [(25-40) cm × (7-35) cm], and the line-spacing of lily sowing is consistent with groove, sows hundred per acre
About 9000-15000 plants of small bulb is closed, then with the soil or organic mat of fluting ditch or first with the soil for ditch of slotting again with having
Machine covering covers the small bulb of lily, and forms micro-ridge face, then with matched special film special to furrow face and compartment ditch into
Row covering, prevents the growth of lily weeds；
Seven, first time topdressing is carried out before lily emergence mid-February, the aperture position (i.e. hundred in covering film is spread fertilizer over the fields into compound fertilizer
Close the upper peripheral of planting location)
Eight, when emerging, the emergence for checking lily is carried out, if any lily emergence positional shift, is grown in film covering
Place, using manually scratching the film above lily with blade, convenient for lily emergence growth；
Nine, mid or late March, when lily neat seedling, carry out second of top dressing, by compound fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields covering film aperture position (i.e.
The upper peripheral of lily planting location), at the same it is incomplete and exposed to carrying out appropriate earthing due to covering to small part lily ball,
Ensure that lily ball is grown in soil and keep the lily commodity of its lily ball, convenient for the growth of lily；
Ten, mid or late April carries out third time top dressing before lily ball expanding stage, and the opening in covering film is spread fertilizer over the fields by compound fertilizer
Position (i.e. the upper peripheral of lily planting location), convenient for expanding for lily ball；
11, lily squaring period pinches in time, reduces bud and digests nutrient, shift convenient for nutrition to underground bulb, promotes underground
Bulb expands, and is conducive to lily increasing yield and improving quality；
12, lily harvests, and first film is taken off and recycled, then manually or mechanically digs out lily, removes stalk, lily pays attention to
It is protected from light preservation or in time processing；
The organic mat is that rice straw, wheat stalk, peanut straw, the excrement of plant-eating animal, corncob, gardens are fallen
One of leaf, edible fungi residues, papermaking residue (reed or stalk) are a variety of, organic mat covering be can not it is blocked up or
Person is excessively thin (with organic mat that soil and organic mat cover groove with a thickness of (0.3-4.5) cm, only with organic
The organic mat that covering covers groove is with a thickness of (2.5-12) cm)；
The matched special film special, material can be stalk, grass, bark, cloth, plastics, starch, protein etc., width
For (1.2-3) m, furrow face and compartment ditch are covered convenient for special film special, there is opening [width x length=(0.9- above film
1.9) m × (10-20) cm], the line space between the position of center line of opening is (25-40) cm, the width of special film special and
Aperture position needs are mating with corresponding furrow face and compartment ditch, ensure that film is covered on and are just open in furrow face in sowing lily
Above groove, mild moisturizing is improved, is conducive to the early hair and growth-promoting of lily, and the growth of weeds can be effectively prevent.
The 1 surface left and right sides of compartment ditch is provided with furrow face, above there are many perpendicular to Xiang Gou groove 2, furrow face, above
There are many there are many grooves 3 omitted perpendicular to being evenly arranged in furrow face on the groove 2 of Xiang Gou, there are many omitted in furrow face
Groove 6 is provided between groove 3, groove 6 is internally provided with the small bulb 8 of lily, is provided with organic covering above the small bulb 8 of lily
Object or with soil 7, organic mat or be provided with above soil 7 selection soil covering lily ground 5, selection use soil
It covers and is provided with organic mat 4 above the ground 5 of lily, ditch 1 front and back end in compartment, which is provided with, encloses ditch 9, and ditch 1 surface in compartment is provided with
Be connected the film 10 folded in layer, and the setting of film 10 folded that is connected in layer is on 4 surface of organic mat, and one layer
The open slot 11 of film is evenly arranged on the one layer of film 10 folded that is connected.
Preferably, the furrow face and the difference in height of compartment bottom of trench are 15cm.
Preferably, the width of the groove is 12cm, depth 12cm.
Preferably, the soil cladding thickness of the covering lily is 3cm, and only the table plane of soil covering is lower than furrow face,
Then covering organic mantle thickness again is 1.2cm, width 30cm, is conducive to moisturizing control grass.
Preferably, the organic mat is rice straw, wheat stalk, peanut straw, papermaking reed residue, convenient for logical
Gas moisturizing controls ground temperature, can supplement the soil organism, improves ground temperature, controls the growth of weeds, promotes the life of lily upper packing
Long and nutrient absorption is conducive to expanding for bulb, increases lily yield, is conducive to the growth of edaphon and earthworm and numerous
It grows, in favor of loosing soil and increases soil fertility.
Preferably, the film is plastic film, and film edge is wider than furrow face 80cm, and it is more preferable to compartment ditch to be conducive to film
Carry out cover, prevent the weedy of compartment ditch.
Preferably, the film is packed using jackknife method, compares cylinder method, is conducive to machinery in film top-open, and
Carton tetragonal body packaging saves space, while artificial or mechanical film is more convenient.
Preferably, when the sowing, upward by the bud head of the small bulb of lily.
Preferably, the top dressing is spread fertilizer over the fields before light rain arriving or after heavy rain, and first time topdressing uses high nitrogen
Either 15:15:15 compound fertilizer, compound fertilizer is with suitable urea is applied, and third time top dressing is using high potassium compound fertilizer either 15:15:
15 compound fertilizers, which match, applies suitable potassium sulfate.
After adopting the above technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in no-tillage middle setting groove, and lily ball is placed in groove, then cover organic mat or soil, is overcome
Lily, which is directly sowed, in the prior art covers organic mat in furrow face again and lily is caused to take root unstable and lodge, while can
A large amount of organic mat is saved, it is exposed to effectively prevent the lily as caused by the factors such as wind and rain, generates through shining upon
Reddish violet lily ball influence appearance and quality；
(2) since fertilizer or organic mat etc. are placed in ditch, nutrient loss caused by wind and rain in the prior art is overcome, more
Fertilizer can be efficiently used, the growth and development of lily ball is conducive to, increases the yield of lily ball；
(3) covering is carried out using organic mat to prevent due to, without the weed growth of film covering, having above groove lily
Conducive to soil moisture environment is kept, promote the growth and breeding of edaphon and native earthworm, convenient for recycling for nutrient, increases
The gas porosity of strong soil, reduces the generation of disease, increases soil fertility.
(4) mating special film special of the invention is used, mild moisturizing is improved, be conducive to the early hair of lily and is promoted
It is raw, and effectively control the weeds on lily ground, do not needed substantially in the lily time of infertility weeding (except Qi Miaoshi, remove due to
Organic mat be unable to completely control outside a small amount of weeds on lily growth periphery), saved due to weeding and bring manually at
This and avoid driving the organic mat with weeds weave in when weeding and influencing the growth and development of lily；
(5) mating special film special of the invention is used, preferably jackknife method is packed, convenient for being placed on one of furrow face, beaten
Over pack and just directly hold film and pull outward in layer, be covered in matched furrow face, it is very convenient, convenient for artificial and machine
Tool overlay film；
(6) it compares the simpler convenience of existing lily culture technical operation step, need weeding, life in the lily time of infertility
Produce at low cost, labor intensity is low, save fertilizer, lily plantation it is more energy-efficient, lily yield and quality is more preferable.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention without any creative labor, may be used also for those of ordinary skill in the art
To obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is ground sectional view of the present invention perpendicular to groove position；
Fig. 2 is the top view on ground of the present invention；
Fig. 3 be in the present invention in layer be connected fold film 10 side view.
Description of symbols: compartment ditch 1, furrow face, above there are many perpendicular to there are many omit in the groove 2 of Xiang Gou, furrow face
Groove 3, organic mat 4, selection soil cover the ground 5 of lily, groove 6, organic mat or with soil 7, lily
Small bulb 8, the open slot 11 for enclosing ditch 9, be connected the in layer film 10, film that fold.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: referring to shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 3, present embodiment the technical solution adopted is that:
A kind of lily no-tillage cultivation method of improvement, comprising the following steps:
One, it sows first 20 days, illustrates use according to glufosinate-ammonium steriland herbicide and according to application above, using artificial mark spraying
It spills, mask need to be worn, put on protective garment, entirely and surrounding field bund sprays the raw type herbicide that goes out, kill on ground and field bund
Weeds；
Two, after weeds are withered, ground weeds and sundries are cleaned out, compartment ditch is held successfully according to width × depth=35cm × 20cm, presses
It is held successfully according to width × depth=50cm × 30cm and encloses ditch, the soil that trench digging is dug out is put into furrow face, it is ensured that the wide 1.5m of furrow face；
Three, after smooth furrow face, the lily sowing groove of vertical compartment ditch, wide × depth=15cm × 10cm, in groove are excavated in furrow face
Line space between line position is 35cm；
Four, 350kg organic commercial fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in groove and 25kg compound fertilizer (18-9-18) makees base fertilizer；
Five, it breaks into lily ball into two with one's hands small bulb, is watered into water solubility to small bulb according to operation instruction with Bavistin
Impregnate 30 minutes, pulls out not dry and directly spread fertilizer over the fields the vegetation sprayed with cymoxanil mancozeb fungicide aqueous solution on lily surface
Ash or talcum powder are spare；
Six, the small bulb of the lily handled well is put into groove, is not placed directly on fertilizer, the sowing spacing of the small bulb of lily
For 18cm, about 12000 plants of the small bulb of lily are sowed per acre, are then first covered with the soil of fluting ditch lower than furrow face, then cover one
Layer rice straw simultaneously forms micro-ridge face, then with matched special film special width is 1.5m+0.8m, and film center position is vertical
There are many openings in film long direction, and be open length × wide=1.4m × 15cm, the both sides of film openings respectively there are 45cm wide film,
Line space between the position of center line of film openings is 35cm, ensure that film is covered in furrow face and is just open in sowing hundred
Above the groove of conjunction, to not influence the emergence and growth of lily, and furrow face and compartment ditch can be covered, prevent lily miscellaneous
The growth of grass；
Seven, first time topdressing is carried out before lily emergence mid-February, 25kg compound fertilizer (26-9-12) is spread fertilizer over the fields in covering film
Aperture position；
Eight, it emerges the stage, checks the emergence of lily, manually use the film above the lily seedling covered on a small quantity by film
Blade is scratched, convenient for lily emergence growth；
Nine, mid or late March, when lily neat seedling, carry out second of top dressing, and 25kg compound fertilizer (18-9-18) is spread fertilizer over the fields in covering film
Aperture position, and carry out appropriate earthing to small part lily ball is exposed, it is ensured that lily ball, which is grown in soil, keeps its lily
The lily commodity of bulb；
Ten, mid or late April carries out third time top dressing before lily ball expanding stage, by 25kg compound fertilizer (15-15-15)+20kg sulphur
Sour potassium spreads fertilizer over the fields the aperture position in covering film, convenient for expanding for lily ball；
11, lily squaring period pinches in time, reduces bud and digests nutrient, convenient for expanding for bulb, is conducive to lily volume increase and mentions
Matter；
12, there is 45% or more lily overground part completely withered, lily is harvested, first film is taken off and recycled, then will
Lily is dug out, and stalk is removed, and lily pays attention to being protected from light preservation or in time processing.
The 1 surface left and right sides of compartment ditch is provided with furrow face, above there are many perpendicular to Xiang Gou groove 2, furrow face, above
There are many there are many grooves 3 omitted perpendicular to being evenly arranged in furrow face on the groove 2 of Xiang Gou, there are many omitted in furrow face
Groove 6 is provided between groove 3, groove 6 is internally provided with the small bulb 8 of lily, is provided with organic covering above the small bulb 8 of lily
Object or with soil 7, organic mat or be provided with above soil 7 selection soil covering lily ground 5, selection use soil
It covers and is provided with organic mat 4 above the ground 5 of lily, ditch 1 front and back end in compartment, which is provided with, encloses ditch 9, and ditch 1 surface in compartment is provided with
Be connected the film 10 folded in layer, and the setting of film 10 folded that is connected in layer is on 4 surface of organic mat, and one layer
The open slot 11 of film is evenly arranged on the one layer of film 10 folded that is connected.
Embodiment 2:
Using application effect of the cultural method in embodiment 1 on Lilium lancifo1ium Thunb:
Experimental design
It tests and is carried out in Septembers, 2015 and in September, 2016 in the Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences's Experimental Base, if
Set 3 processing:
One (CK1) of control: common turns over Root growth mode；
Compare two (CK2): common no-tillage cultivation modes (one of ZL201510267386.7)；
Handle one (T1): the no-tillage cultivation method that the present invention improves.
Every processing is repeated 3 times, and amounts to 9 cells, and every plot area is 1.5m × 3m=4.5m2, the line space of lily plantation
For 18cm × 35cm, commercial variety is Lilium lancifo1ium Thunb, and after compareing (CK1) weed eradication, rotation ground site preparation, ridging trench digging is no organic to cover
Cover material, film covering, using preemergence herbicide, later period artificial weeding is intertilled three times, after compareing two (CK2) weed eradications, site preparation ridging,
Organic mat is 800kg/ mus (covering entire ridge face), film covers 80 yuan/mu (only covering compartment ditch), uses weeding before bud
Agent, later period artificial tillage and weeding are covered (early or mid March, mid or late April and mid or late May after emergence) three times, processing one
(T1) after weed eradication, site preparation ridging trench digging, organic mat is 100kg/ mu (only cover groove parts), film be covered as 300 yuan/
Mu (covering site preparation), later period artificial weeding, lily ball exposed covering in part is primary, the fertilizer product that three kinds of cultivation modes use
Kind and amount are all identical.Lily neat seedling stage measurement plant height, stem thickness and the SPAD value (reciprocal from the young leaves newly issued) of seven leaves, and
The bacterium of lily marginal soil, fungi, Population of Actinomycetes, while the earthworm quantity centered on every plant of lily is measured, it collects
Previous square metre of weeds are intertilled for the second time, record the lodging rate of lily expanding stage (when lily stalk is small with the angle on ground
Be judged as lodging in 45 degree), the fresh yield of the lily in maturity period, lily reddish violet rate (due to lily ball it is exposed after shone by the sun
Penetrating causes lily ball to become reddish violet, and commodity will be deteriorated), the economic benefit of lily per mu yield is calculated, is not illustrated
The index of measuring method is carried out with reference to the methods of related national standard.
Main result: the influence that the different cultivation mode of table 1 grows Lilium lancifo1ium Thunb
Note: different lowercases indicate significant difference (P < 0.05) between same period different disposal in same column, similarly hereinafter.
As can be seen from Table 1, with the lily of the mode cultivation of embodiment 1, height of seedling, stem thickness, SPAD are significantly higher than general
Logical turns over Root growth mode and common no-tillage cultivation modes, and lily lodging rate is substantially less than common no-tillage cultivation mould
Formula, and differ not significant with common Root growth mode of turning over.Test illustrates mode cultivation of the invention with being conducive to lily
The growth and development on top, lily lodging rate are low.
Influence of the different cultivation mode of table 2 to Lilium lancifo1ium Thunb rhizosphere soil biological nature
As can be seen from Table 2, with the lily of the mode cultivation of embodiment 1, the bacterium of lily soil, fungi, actinomyces, unit plane
The quantity of product earthworm is all significantly more than common no-tillage cultivation modes, and the weeds dry weight of unit area is substantially less than common exempt from
Cultivation mode.Test illustrates that mode cultivation of the invention is conducive to fertilizing soil, increases soil fertility, and controls weed growth.
Influence of the different cultivation mode of table 3 to Lilium lancifo1ium Thunb yield
As can be seen from Table 3, with the lily of the mode cultivation of embodiment 1, lily diameter, all kinds of fruits fresh weight, lily reddish violet rate (by
In exposed be sunlighted of lily in the bad reddish violet lily of commodity) and fresh yield be all significantly higher than common exempt from
Cultivation mode, especially lily bulb are looser, volume increase 15.74%, moreover, lily reddish violet rate 0.64% is significantly lower than general
The 28.78% of logical no-tillage cultivation method illustrates that cultural method of the invention is more suitable the growth and development of lily bulb, preferably
Ground remains the commodity of lily.
The Economic and Efficiency Analysis of different cultivation modes puts into identical feelings in lily kind, pretreatment, fertilizer and pesticide
Condition turns over Root growth mode compared to common, and embodiment 1 saves 150 yuan/mu of rotary tillage expense or so, saved preemergence herbicide
10 yuan/mu and sprinkling 15 yuan/mu of expense (people one day sprays 10 mu of calculating, manually according to 150 yuan/person/day), have been saved three times
Tillage and weeding 900 yuan of labour cost (common turns over Root growth mode tillage and weeding three times, needs complete every time within 1 people two days,
Manually according to 150 yuan/person/day)；100 yuan/mu of difficulty cost for increasing fluting ditch, increases the investment expense of organic mat
With 100kg/ mus × 0.5 yuan/kg=50 yuan (organic mat is calculated according to 0.5 yuan/kg), increases film and put into 300 yuan/mu, section
Total investment=(150+10+15+900)-(100+50+300)=625 yuan, increased lily income=(1395.63- about
1288.95) kg × 16 yuan/kg=1706.88 yuan (lily calculates according to commercially available 16 yuan/kg).Therefore ridging is turned over compared to common
Cultivation mode, embodiment 1 can be with 2300 yuan/mu of additional income 625+1706.88 ≈.
Compared to common no-tillage cultivation modes, embodiment 1 saved 15 yuan of 10 yuan/mu of preemergence herbicide and sprinkling expense/
Mu (people one day sprays 10 mu of calculating, manually according to 150 yuan/person/day), has saved the Meteorological (800- of organic mat
100) kg/ mus × 0.5 yuan/kg=350 yuan (organic mat is calculated according to 0.5 yuan/kg), the people of tillage and weeding three times has been saved
450 yuan of expenses of labour is (because common no-tillage cultivation modes reduce the growth of weeds, intertillage management three using organic mat
It is secondary, only need complete within 1 people one day every time, manually according to 150 yuan/person/day)；150 yuan/mu of cost of fluting ditch is increased, is increased
Film puts into 300-80=220(member/mu), total investment=(150+10+15+350+450)-(150+220)=605 yuan of saving increases
The lily income added=kg × 16 yuan/kg=3037.44 yuan (1395.63-1205.79) (lily calculates according to commercially available 16 yuan/kg),
Therefore common no-tillage cultivation modes are compared, embodiment 1 can be with 3600 yuan/mu of additional income 605+3037.44 ≈.
After adopting the above technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in no-tillage middle setting groove, and lily ball is placed in groove, then cover organic mat or soil, is overcome
Lily, which is directly sowed, in the prior art covers organic mat in furrow face again and lily is caused to take root unstable and lodge, while can
A large amount of organic mat is saved, it is exposed to effectively prevent the lily as caused by the factors such as wind and rain, generates through shining upon
Reddish violet lily ball influence appearance and quality.Lily reddish violet rate of the invention is only 0.64%, substantially less than common no-tillage
The 28.78% of cultivation, and increase production 15.74%,；
(2) since fertilizer or organic mat etc. are placed in ditch, nutrient loss caused by wind and rain in the prior art is overcome, more
Fertilizer can be efficiently used, the growth and development of lily ball is conducive to, increases the yield of lily ball；
(3) covering is carried out using organic mat to prevent due to, without the weed growth of film covering, having above groove lily
Conducive to soil moisture environment is kept, promote the growth and breeding of edaphon and native earthworm, convenient for recycling for nutrient, increases
The gas porosity of strong soil, reduces the generation of disease, increases soil fertility.
(4) mating special film special of the invention is used, mild moisturizing is improved, be conducive to the early hair of lily and is promoted
It is raw, and effectively control the weeds on lily ground, do not needed substantially in the lily time of infertility weeding (except Qi Miaoshi, remove due to
Organic mat be unable to completely control outside a small amount of weeds on lily growth periphery), saved due to weeding and bring manually at
This and avoid driving the organic mat with weeds weave in when weeding and influencing the growth and development of lily；
(5) mating special film special of the invention is used, preferably jackknife method is packed, convenient for being placed on one of furrow face, beaten
Over pack and just directly hold film and pull outward in layer, be covered in matched furrow face, it is very convenient, convenient for artificial and machine
Tool overlay film；
(6) it compares the simpler convenience of existing lily culture technical operation step, need weeding, life in the lily time of infertility
Produce at low cost, labor intensity is low, save fertilizer, lily plantation it is more energy-efficient, lily yield and quality is more preferable.
The above is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, and those of ordinary skill in the art are to this hair
The other modifications or equivalent replacement that bright technical solution is made, as long as it does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the present invention,
It is intended to be within the scope of the claims of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of modification method of lily no-tillage cultivation, it is characterised in that: it is comprised the following steps:
One, 7-35 days before sowing, entirely and surrounding field bund sprays the raw type herbicide that goes out, the weeds in ground with field bund are killed, it can
It is sprayed with artificial or unmanned plane；
Two, after weeds are withered, ground weeds and sundries are cleaned out, can using manually or mechanically hold successfully compartment ditch [it is wide ×
Depth=(25-60) cm × (8-30) cm], enclose ditch [width × depth=(30-60) cm × (18-45) cm], it is desirable that compartment ditch, which is higher than, encloses ditch,
The soil that digs out of trench digging is put into furrow face, it is ensured that the wide 1-2m of furrow face be advisable (such as preceding stubble is provided with the compartment ditch of above data, enclose ditch and
Furrow face can retain original appearance)；
It three, can be [wide × deep using the lily sowing groove for manually or mechanically excavating vertical compartment ditch in furrow face after smooth furrow face
=(10-20) cm × (8-15) cm], the line space between groove midline position be (25-40) cm；
Four, compound fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in groove or organic fertilizer makees base fertilizer；
Five, it breaks into lily ball into two with one's hands small bulb, small bulb is carried out with the water solubility of potassium permanganate, carbendazim and cymoxanil mancozeb
Immersion treatment is pulled out directly to dry surface moisture or pull out not dry directly to spread fertilizer over the fields on lily surface and be sprayed with fungicide aqueous solution
The plant ash or talcum powder crossed are conducive to absorb excessive moisture in lily ball, and protection lily ball avoids germ from infecting, sows
After be not easy rotten kind, be conducive to the normal growth and development of lily ball；
Six, the small bulb of the lily handled well is put into groove, is careful not to be placed directly on fertilizer, prevent from burning bulb, lily
The sowing line space of small bulb is [(25-40) cm × (7-35) cm], and the line-spacing of lily sowing is consistent with groove, sows hundred per acre
About 9000-15000 plants of small bulb is closed, then with the soil or organic mat of fluting ditch or first with the soil for ditch of slotting again with having
Machine covering covers the small bulb of lily, and forms micro-ridge face, then with matched special film special to furrow face and compartment ditch into
Row covering, prevents the growth of lily weeds；
Seven, first time topdressing is carried out before lily emergence mid-February, the aperture position (i.e. hundred in covering film is spread fertilizer over the fields into compound fertilizer
Close the upper peripheral of planting location)
Eight, when emerging, the emergence for checking lily is carried out, if any lily emergence positional shift, is grown in film covering
Place, using manually scratching the film above lily with blade, convenient for lily emergence growth；
Nine, mid or late March, when lily neat seedling, carry out second of top dressing, by compound fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields covering film aperture position (i.e.
The upper peripheral of lily planting location), at the same it is incomplete and exposed to carrying out appropriate earthing due to covering to small part lily ball,
Ensure that lily ball is grown in soil and keep the lily commodity of its lily ball, convenient for the growth of lily；
Ten, mid or late April carries out third time top dressing before lily ball expanding stage, and the opening in covering film is spread fertilizer over the fields by compound fertilizer
Position (i.e. the upper peripheral of lily planting location), convenient for expanding for lily ball；
11, lily squaring period pinches in time, reduces bud and digests nutrient, shift convenient for nutrition to underground bulb, promotes underground
Bulb expands, and is conducive to lily increasing yield and improving quality；
12, lily harvests, and first film is taken off and recycled, then manually or mechanically digs out lily, removes stalk, lily pays attention to
It is protected from light preservation or in time processing；
The organic mat is that rice straw, wheat stalk, peanut straw, the excrement of plant-eating animal, corncob, gardens are fallen
One of leaf, edible fungi residues, papermaking residue (reed or stalk) are a variety of, organic mat covering be can not it is blocked up or
Person is excessively thin (with organic mat that soil and organic mat cover groove with a thickness of (0.3-4.5) cm, only with organic
The organic mat that covering covers groove is with a thickness of (2.5-12) cm)；
The matched special film special, material can be stalk, grass, bark, cloth, plastics, starch, protein etc., width
For (1.2-3) m, furrow face and compartment ditch are covered convenient for special film special, there is opening [width x length=(0.9- above film
1.9) m × (10-20) cm], the line space between the position of center line of opening is (25-40) cm, the width of special film special and
Aperture position needs are mating with corresponding furrow face and compartment ditch, ensure that film is covered on and are just open in furrow face in sowing lily
Above groove, mild moisturizing is improved, is conducive to the early hair and growth-promoting of lily, and the growth of weeds can be effectively prevent.
2. a kind of modification method of lily no-tillage cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: compartment ditch (1) table
Face left and right sides is provided with furrow face, above there are many groove (2) perpendicular to Xiang Gou, furrow face, above there are many perpendicular to Xiang Gou
Groove (2) on be evenly arranged in furrow face that there are many grooves (3) omitted, there are many between the groove (3) omitted in furrow face
It is provided with groove (6), groove (6) is internally provided with the small bulb of lily (8), is provided with organic covering above the small bulb of lily (8)
Object or the ground (5) that selection soil covering lily is provided with soil (7), organic mat or with soil (7) top, selection
It being provided with organic mat (4) above ground (5) with soil covering lily, compartment ditch (1) front and back end, which is provided with, encloses ditch (9),
Compartment ditch (1) surface is provided with the film (10) for being connected fold in layer, and film (10) setting folded that is connected in layer
On organic mat (4) surface, the open slot (11) of film is evenly arranged on the film (10) folded that is connected in layer.
3. a kind of modification method of lily no-tillage cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the furrow face and compartment ditch
The difference in height at bottom is 15cm.
4. a kind of modification method of lily no-tillage cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the width of the groove
For 12cm, depth 12cm.
5. a kind of modification method of lily no-tillage cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the covering lily
Soil cladding thickness be 3cm, only soil covering table plane be lower than furrow face, then covering organic mantle thickness again is
1.2cm, width 30cm are conducive to moisturizing control grass.
6. a kind of modification method of lily no-tillage cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the organic mat
For rice straw, wheat stalk, peanut straw, papermaking reed residue, ground temperature is controlled convenient for ventilation moisturizing, can supplement soil has
Machine matter improves ground temperature, controls the growth of weeds, promotes the growth and nutrient absorption of lily upper packing, is conducive to expanding for bulb,
Increase lily yield, be conducive to the growth and breeding of edaphon and earthworm, in favor of loosing soil and increases soil fertility.
7. a kind of modification method of lily no-tillage cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the film is plastics
Film, and film edge is wider than furrow face 80cm, is conducive to film and preferably covers to compartment ditch, prevents the weeds clump of compartment ditch
It is raw.
8. a kind of modification method of lily no-tillage cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the film is using folding
Folded method packaging, compares cylinder method, is conducive to machinery in film top-open, and carton tetragonal body is packed, saves space, while people
Work or mechanical film are more convenient.
9. a kind of modification method of lily no-tillage cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:, will when the sowing
The bud head of the small bulb of lily is upward.
10. a kind of modification method of lily no-tillage cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the top dressing is small
Before rain arrives or heavy rain is spread fertilizer over the fields later, and first time topdressing is matched using high-nitrogen compound fertilizer either 15:15:15 compound fertilizer
Suitable urea is applied, third time top dressing is matched using high potassium compound fertilizer either 15:15:15 compound fertilizer applies suitable potassium sulfate.
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| CN110495369A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-11-26 | 福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所 | A kind of method that potting oriental Lily circulation is bloomed |
| CN113906971A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-11 | 湖南康润农业科技发展有限公司 | Planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of lilium brownii |
| CN114586628A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-06-07 | 大姚县农业技术推广中心 | Green high-yield cultivation method for lily |
| CN115226455A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-25 | 海南宝绿春农业开发有限公司 | Fertilizing method for conditioning banana continuous cropping obstacle soil |
| CN115462295A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-12-13 | 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 | Method for improving yield of continuous cropping lilium brownii |
| CN115500194A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-12-23 | 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 | Method for preventing lily wilt disease by utilizing interaction of earthworms and Bacillus beleisi YFB3-1 |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110495369A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-11-26 | 福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所 | A kind of method that potting oriental Lily circulation is bloomed |
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| CN113906971A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-11 | 湖南康润农业科技发展有限公司 | Planting method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of lilium brownii |
| CN114586628A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-06-07 | 大姚县农业技术推广中心 | Green high-yield cultivation method for lily |
| CN115226455A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-25 | 海南宝绿春农业开发有限公司 | Fertilizing method for conditioning banana continuous cropping obstacle soil |
| CN115462295A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-12-13 | 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 | Method for improving yield of continuous cropping lilium brownii |
| CN115500194A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-12-23 | 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 | Method for preventing lily wilt disease by utilizing interaction of earthworms and Bacillus beleisi YFB3-1 |
| CN115500194B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2024-04-16 | 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 | Method for preventing lily wilt by utilizing interaction of earthworms and bacillus bailii YFB3-1 |
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