A kind of high-voltage electrolyte that taking into account high temperature performance and using the electrolyte lithium from
Sub- battery
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion, and in particular to a kind of high-voltage electrolyte for taking into account high temperature performance
And the lithium ion battery using the electrolyte.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery is because having high working voltage, height ratio capacity, long circulation life, environmentally friendly and memory effect etc.
Advantage and be widely used in the fields such as 3C digital product, electric car, energy storage and militay space flight aviation.But in recent years, with
The fast development of electronic product and electric car, requirement of the consumer to the energy density of lithium ion battery is higher and higher, and
Excellent high temperature circulation, storage and low temperature performance are required simultaneously.
Currently, the positive electrode of high-voltage lithium ion batteries generallys use the cobalt acid lithium of high voltage 4.4V or more, cathode
Material generally uses the graphite of high capacity high-pressure solid.However, under high voltages, the metal ion in positive cobalt acid lithium material is in
Higher oxidation state, oxidation activity with higher generate a large amount of gas so that electrolyte is just easily being oxidized decomposition
Battery bulging is directly resulted in, and solid product is deposited in positive and negative pole surface, and the internal resistance of cell is caused to increase, and is reduced circulation volume and is kept
Rate and low temperature discharge capacity;Meanwhile the metal ion in positive electrode easily dissolves out, and restores and deposits in negative terminal surface, to destroy
Cathode material structure and cathode SEI film, and then lead to battery capacity sharp-decay.Therefore, it develops one kind and takes into account high and low temperature
The high-voltage lithium ion electrolyte of energy, so that there is lithium ion battery excellent high temperature circulation and low temperature performance to disappear to meet
The demand of the person of expense.
Summary of the invention
The problem of being taken into account the purpose of the present invention is to solve the high temperature performance difficulty of existing high-voltage lithium ion batteries,
A kind of high-voltage electrolyte for taking into account high temperature performance and the lithium ion battery using the electrolyte, this kind of lithium ion battery are provided
There is excellent high-temperature cycle life, high temperature storage and low temperature performance under high voltages.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
A kind of high-voltage electrolyte for taking into account high temperature performance, including non-aqueous organic solvent, lithium salts and additive, it is described
Non-aqueous organic solvent is at least one of at least one of cyclic carbonate and both linear carbonates and linear carboxylate
The mixture mixed in any proportion, the additive include anode protection additive, Low ESR additive and cathode film formation
The mixture of additive three, the anode protection additive is the nitrile compounds with 2 or 3 itrile group functional groups.
Further, the anode protection additive is succinonitrile, adiponitrile, bis- (propionitrile) ethers of ethylene glycol, 1,3,6-
Two or more of mixtures in three nitrile of hexane, trans hexenyl dintrile, the anode protection additive account for the total matter of electrolyte
The 2%~10% of amount.
Further, the Low ESR additive is difluorophosphate, accounts for the 0.1%~2% of electrolyte gross mass.
Further, the cathode film formation additive be fluorinated ethylene carbonate, account for electrolyte gross mass 4%~
10%.
Further, the additive further includes vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, ethyl sulfate, first
Base disulfonic acid methylene ester, double fluorine sulfimide lithiums, di-oxalate lithium borate, difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium, LiBF4 and difluoro grass
One of acid phosphoric acid lithium or a variety of mixtures.
Further, the mass percent that the additive amount of the additive accounts for electrolyte gross mass is each independently
0%~2%.
Further, the lithium salts is lithium hexafluoro phosphate, accounts for the 13%~20% of electrolyte gross mass.
Further, the cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate or propene carbonate;The linear carbonates are
Dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or methyl ethyl carbonate, the linear carboxylate are ethyl propionate, propyl propionate or acetic acid third
Ester;The non-aqueous organic solvent accounts for the 58%~80% of electrolyte gross mass.
A kind of lithium ion battery using above-mentioned electrolyte, including anode, cathode, electrolyte and it is placed in positive electrode and negative electrode
Between diaphragm, charge cutoff voltage >=4.4V of the lithium ion battery.
The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with the existing technology is: protecting additive, Low ESR additive by anode and bears
Pole film for additive is applied in combination, while combining generated synergistic effect by optimization dicyandiamide solution, can reduce high electricity
It depresses the side reaction between electrolyte and electrode material and reduces the interface impedance of battery, so as to improve lithium ion battery
Low temperature performance combines excellent high voltage high temperature storage and cycle performance.
Specific embodiment
To keep technical solution of the present invention and advantage clearer, technical solution of the present invention is made below with reference to embodiment
Further instruction, however, it is not limited to this, and those of ordinary skill in the art are without creative efforts to this
All embodiments that inventive technique scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Specific embodiment 1: present embodiment record is a kind of high-voltage electrolyte for taking into account high temperature performance, packet
Include non-aqueous organic solvent, lithium salts and additive, the non-aqueous organic solvent be at least one of cyclic carbonate with it is linear
The mixture that at least one of both carbonic ester and linear carboxylate mix in any proportion, the additive include anode
The mixture of additive, Low ESR additive and cathode film formation additive three is protected, the anode protection additive is tool
There are the nitrile compounds of 2 or 3 itrile group functional groups.
Specific embodiment 2: a kind of high-voltage electrolyte for taking into account high temperature performance described in specific embodiment one,
The described anode protection additive is succinonitrile (SN), adiponitrile (AND), bis- (propionitrile) ethers (DENE) of ethylene glycol, 1,3,6- oneself
Two or more of mixtures in three nitrile of alkane (HTCN), trans hexenyl dintrile (DCB), the anode protection additive account for electricity
The 2%~10% of liquid gross mass is solved, preferred value is 3%~7%.
Specific embodiment 3: a kind of high-voltage electrolyte for taking into account high temperature performance described in specific embodiment one,
The Low ESR additive is difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2), the 0.1%~2% of electrolyte gross mass is accounted for, is preferably taken
Value is 0.2%~1%.
Specific embodiment 4: a kind of high-voltage electrolyte for taking into account high temperature performance described in specific embodiment one,
The cathode film formation additive is fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), accounts for the 4%~10% of electrolyte gross mass, preferably
Value is 5%~8%.
Specific embodiment 5: a kind of high-voltage electrolyte for taking into account high temperature performance described in specific embodiment one,
The additive further includes vinylene carbonate (VC), vinylethylene carbonate (VEC), ethyl sulfate (DTD), methyl two
Sulfonic acid methylene ester (MMDS), double fluorine sulfimide lithiums (LiFSI), di-oxalate lithium borate (LiBOB), difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium
(LiODFB), one of LiBF4 (LiBF4) and difluoro oxalate lithium phosphate (LiODFP) or a variety of mixtures.
Specific embodiment 6: a kind of high-voltage electrolyte for taking into account high temperature performance described in specific embodiment five,
The mass percent that the additive amount of the additive accounts for electrolyte gross mass is each independently 0%~2%.
Specific embodiment 7: a kind of high-voltage electrolyte for taking into account high temperature performance described in specific embodiment one,
The lithium salts is lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6), accounting for the 13%~20% of electrolyte gross mass, preferred value is 14%~
17%.
Specific embodiment 8: a kind of high-voltage electrolyte for taking into account high temperature performance described in specific embodiment one,
The cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate (EC) or propene carbonate (PC);The linear carbonates are dimethyl carbonate
(DMC), the compounds such as diethyl carbonate (DEC) or methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), the linear carboxylate are ethyl propionate
(EP), the compounds such as propyl propionate (PP) or propyl acetate (PA);The non-aqueous organic solvent accounts for electrolyte gross mass
58%~80%, preferably value is 65%~77.8%.
Specific embodiment 9: a kind of use electrolyte described in any specific embodiment of specific embodiment one to eight
Lithium ion battery, including anode, cathode, electrolyte and the diaphragm being placed between positive electrode and negative electrode, the lithium ion battery
Charge cutoff voltage >=4.4V.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of electrolyte: in the glove box (moisture < 10ppm, oxygen < 1ppm) full of argon gas, by ethylene carbonate
Ester (EC), propene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), propyl propionate (PP) are equal with the mixing of 15:15:30:40 mass ratio
Fluorinated ethylene carbonate even, that addition mass fraction is 5.0% in mixed solution, the 1 of 4.0%, 3 propane sulfonic acid lactones,
1.0% adiponitrile (AND), bis- (propionitrile) ethers (DENE) of bis- (propionitrile) the ether ethylene glycol of 1% ethylene glycol, the 1,3,6- of 1.0%
Three nitrile of hexane (HTCN), 0.3% difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2), it is slow added into the LiPF6 that mass fraction is 14%, stirring
It is completely dissolved to it, obtains the lithium-ion battery electrolytes of embodiment 1.
The preparation of lithium ion battery: the lithium-ion battery electrolytes injection that above-mentioned steps are prepared is by sufficiently drying
4.4VLiCoO2In/graphite polymer battery, battery shelved by 45 DEG C, be melted into and secondary sealing after, carry out conventional partial volume.
Embodiment 2
The amount for the difluorophosphate additive being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment accounts for electrolyte gross mass
0.5%.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 3
The amount for the AND and DENE additive being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment accounts for electrolyte gross mass respectively
2.0% and 2.0%.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 4
The amount for the AND and HTCN additive being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment accounts for electrolyte gross mass respectively
2.0% and 2.0%.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 5
The amount for the DENE and HTCN additive being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment accounts for electrolyte gross mass respectively
2.0% and 2.0%.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 6
The amount for the AND and DENE additive being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment accounts for electrolyte gross mass respectively
3.0% and 2.0%.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 7
The amount for the AND and HTCN additive being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment accounts for electrolyte gross mass respectively
3.0% and 2.0%.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 8
The amount for the DENE and HTCN additive being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment accounts for electrolyte gross mass respectively
2.0% and 3.0%.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 9
The amount for the AND and HTCN additive being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment accounts for electrolyte gross mass respectively
2.0% and 3.0%.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 10
The amount for the FEC additive being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment accounts for the 8% of electrolyte gross mass.Remaining
It is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 11
The amount for the lithium hexafluoro phosphate additive being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment accounts for electrolyte gross mass
17%.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Comparative example 1
The organic solvent being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment is ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate
(PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), propyl propionate (PP), and mixed with the ratio of mass ratio 20:20:30:30.Remaining with
Embodiment 1 is identical.
Comparative example 2
The amount for the ADN additive being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment accounts for the 3% of electrolyte gross mass.Remaining
It is same as Example 1.
Comparative example 3
The amount for the AND and DENE additive being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment accounts for electrolyte gross mass respectively
2% and 1%.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Comparative example 4
The amount for the AND and HTCN additive being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment accounts for electrolyte gross mass respectively
2% and 1%.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Comparative example 5
Difluorophosphate additive is not added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Comparative example 6
The amount for the difluorophosphate additive being added in electrolyte unlike the first embodiment accounts for electrolyte gross mass
1%.Remaining is same as Example 1.
Electrochemical property test is carried out to the above comparative example and the resulting lithium ion battery of embodiment, related description is as follows:
45 DEG C of high temperature circulation experiments: embodiment 1~11 and 1~6 gained battery of comparative example are placed in (45 ± 2) DEG C environment
In, 2-3 hour is stood, when battery body reaches (45 ± 2) DEG C, battery is according to 2C constant-current charge cut-off current
0.025C shelves 5min after battery is fully charged, then with 0.7C constant-current discharge to blanking voltage 3.0V, record is 3 times recycled most
High discharge capacity is initial capacity Q, and when circulation reaches required number, the full electricity of battery records the capacity Q1 of battery, record knot
Fruit such as table 1.
The calculation formula wherein used is as follows:
High temperature storage experiment: by embodiment 1~11 and 1~6 gained battery of comparative example at room temperature with the charge and discharge of 0.7C
Multiplying power carries out 3 charge and discharge cycles tests, and then 0.7C multiplying power is charged to full power state, records 0.7C capacity Q respectively and battery is thick
Spend T.The battery of full power state is stored 21 days at 60 DEG C, cell thickness T of the record after 21 days0With 0.7C discharge capacity Q1, so
Afterwards by battery at room temperature with the multiplying power charge and discharge of 0.7C 3 weeks, 0.7C discharge capacity Q is recorded2, battery high-temperature storage is calculated
The experimental datas such as thickness change, capacity retention ratio and capacity restoration rate record result such as table 1.
The calculation formula wherein used is as follows:
Low temperature discharge experiment: by embodiment 1~11 and 1~6 gained battery of comparative example at 25 ± 3 DEG C of environment temperature, first with
0.7C is discharged to 3.0V, shelves 5min;It is charged with 0.7C, when voltage reaches charging limitation voltage when battery core end, is changed to constant pressure and fills
Electricity stops charging until charging current≤cut-off current, shelves after five minutes, is discharged to 3.0V with 0.2C, record this time discharges
Capacity is room temperature capacity Q0.Then battery core is charged with 0.7C, when voltage reaches charging limitation voltage when battery core end, is changed to constant pressure and is filled
Electricity, until charging current is less than or equal to cut-off current, stopping charging;The battery that will be filled with electricity is shelved under the conditions of -20 ± 2 DEG C
After 4h, with 0.25C current discharge to blanking voltage 3.0V, discharge capacity Q is recorded3, it can be calculated low temperature discharge capacity conservation rate,
Record result such as table 1.
Low temperature discharge capacity conservation rate calculation is following formula:
Charge and discharge cycles, high temperature storage and the low temperature discharge test result of 1 embodiment and comparative example of table
By 1 result of table it can be seen that being had using the battery of 1~embodiment of embodiment 11 of technical solution of the present invention more preferable
High temperature cyclic performance, high-temperature storage and low temperature performance.By comparative example 1 it is found that in optimization solvent compared with embodiment 1
EC, PC and PP content can be obviously improved storage and the low temperature performance of battery.Lack two by the discovery of comparative example 5 simultaneously
The low temperature discharge capacity conservation rate of lithium fluophosphate battery is significantly lower than embodiment 1.Illustrate that difluorophosphate can significantly change
Kind low temperature performance, while high temperature circulation to battery and storge quality also have a certain upgrade.Above-described embodiment is this hair
Bright preferable embodiment, but embodiment of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments, it is other any without departing from this
It is made under the spiritual essence and principle of invention to change, modification, substitution, combine and simplify, it should be equivalent substitute mode, all
It is included within protection scope of the present invention.