CN105576283A - High voltage electrolyte considering high and low temperature performance and lithium ion battery using the electrolyte - Google Patents
High voltage electrolyte considering high and low temperature performance and lithium ion battery using the electrolyte Download PDFInfo
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- CN105576283A CN105576283A CN201610075839.0A CN201610075839A CN105576283A CN 105576283 A CN105576283 A CN 105576283A CN 201610075839 A CN201610075839 A CN 201610075839A CN 105576283 A CN105576283 A CN 105576283A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses high voltage electrolyte considering high and low temperature performance and a lithium ion battery using the electrolyte. The high voltage electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent, an electrolyte lithium salt, an ether nitrile compound and a low impedance additive, wherein the non-aqueous organic solvent comprises a carbonate solvent and a linear carboxylic acid ester solvent with a wide liquid range; the electrolyte lithium salt is a combination of lithium hexafluorophate and lithium triflurosulfimide according to a molar ratio of 0.01-0.5; and the low impedance additive is a cyclic sulfate compound. The linear carboxylic acid ester solvent for perfecting the electrode/ electrolyte interface is contained in the high voltage electrolyte, by means of the optimized combination of the ether nitrile compound, the lithium triflurosulfimide and the cyclic sulfate compound and other additives, a high voltage battery can be guaranteed to have excellent circulation performance, and meanwhile, the excellent high and low temperature performance of the high voltage battery of storage for 18 h in a full charge state at 85 DEG C and no lithium separation in the full charge state at 0 DEG C is considered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium ion battery, be specifically related to a kind ofly take into account the high-voltage electrolyte of high temperature performance and use the lithium ion battery of this electrolyte.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery has that operating voltage is high, specific capacity is large, have extended cycle life, memory-less effect and advantages of environment protection, is widely used in the fields such as number, energy storage, power and militay space flight aviation.The carrier that electrolyte transmits as lithium ion battery intermediate ion, plays vital effect to the performance of lithium ion battery various aspects of performance.
Lithium ion battery high and low temperature performance is mainly by the impact of following several factor: the catalytic decomposition of transition metal ions to electrolyte is easily aggravated in (1), hot conditions, decomposition gas product directly causes cell thickness to expand, solid product, in both positive and negative polarity interface deposition, increases the internal resistance of cell; (2), LiPF
6the HF decomposing generation under hot conditions corrodes positive active material, causes transition metal ions stripping, destroys cathode material structure; (3), the SEI film that formed when initial charge of battery decomposes under the high temperature conditions, and SEI membrane structure is easily destroyed, and causes battery performance sharply to decline; (4), lithium-ion battery electrolytes solvent composition, solvent solidifying point, solvent low temperature viscosity directly determine lithium ion battery cryogenic property quality; (5) the interfacial film resistance value that, lithium-ion battery electrolytes additives decompose is formed also affects larger on the performance of battery cryogenic property.
Conventional high voltage lithium ion battery requires high-temperature storage performance 85 DEG C/4h(6h), meet general low temperature discharge and normal temperature circulation simultaneously.But, along with the continuous expansion in lithium ion battery applications field, terminal user not only requires that lithium battery has higher energy density, also more and more higher to the high and low temperature performance requirement of high volumetric specific energy battery, certain applications field requires that battery high-temperature 85 DEG C stores more than 18h, meets 0 DEG C simultaneously and completely fills the requirement of not analysing lithium.Current lithium-ion battery electrolytes adopts cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate as mixed organic solvents substantially.By the impact of the multiple factors such as mixed organic solvents liquid journey scope, SEI film thermal stability, the impedance of SEI membrane interface and negative material high-pressure solid, the high request that lithium ion battery is difficult to meet high temperature performance is taken into account, and therefore takes into account the high-voltage electrolyte of outstanding high and low temperature performance in the urgent need to exploitation.
In existing high-voltage lithium ion batteries high/low temperature performance solution, the additives such as iophenoxic acid lactone (GBL), succinonitrile (SN), acrylic sultones (RPS), di-oxalate lithium borate (LiBOB) and difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium (LiDFOB) have some improvement to high-voltage battery high temperature or cryogenic property tool, but all more or less have that purification difficulty is large, graphite cathode poor compatibility, interface impedance are large or the problem of the easy aerogenesis of high temperature.
Summary of the invention
In view of Problems existing in background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly take into account the high-voltage electrolyte of high temperature performance and use the lithium ion battery of this electrolyte, prepared lithium ion battery can be taken into account the full electric state of high-voltage battery 85 DEG C simultaneously and store 18h and 0 DEG C and completely fill the high and low temperature excellent properties of not analysing lithium.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Take into account a high-voltage electrolyte for high temperature performance, comprise non-aqueous organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt, ether nitrile compound and Low ESR additive, described non-aqueous organic solvent comprises carbonate solvent and wide liquid journey wire carboxylate solvent; Described electrolyte lithium salt is the combination of lithium hexafluoro phosphate, two fluorine sulfimide lithium two kinds of compounds 1:0.01-0.5 in molar ratio; Described Low ESR additive is the cyclic sulfates compound shown in structural formula I;
Structural formula I
In structural formula I: m is the integer of 1 ~ 4, R1 is any one of hydrogen atom, methyl, propyl group and vinyl.
Described ether nitrile compound is one or both mixing in 1,2-bis-(2-cyanoethoxyl) ethane, 1,2,3-tri--(2-cyanoethoxyl) propane.
The mass percent of described ether nitrile compound in the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance is 0.5% ~ 2.0%.
Described electrolyte lithium salt is lithium hexafluoro phosphate and the two kinds of lithium salts mixing of two fluorine sulfimide lithium, and the mol ratio of two kinds of lithium salts is 1:0.03-0.2.
Described cyclic sulfates compound be one in sulfuric acid vinyl ester, sulfuric acid propylene, BDO sulfuric ester, 4-methylsulfuric acid vinyl acetate and 4-propylthio vinyl acetate and more than.
The mass percent of described cyclic sulfates compound in the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance is 0.2% ~ 1.0%.
Described ether nitrile compound and the mass percent of cyclic sulfates in the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance are 10:1 ~ 1:2.
Described carbonate solvent be one in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and more than; Described wide liquid journey wire carboxylate solvent be one in propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, n-amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl propionate, n propyl propionate, ethyl butyrate and more than.
A kind of high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance, also containing vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, 1, one or more additives in 3-propane sultone, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, above-mentioned each additive mass percent is in the electrolytic solution 0.1% ~ 5.0% separately.
Take into account a high-voltage lithium ion batteries for high temperature performance, comprise positive pole, negative pole, barrier film and the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance of the present invention, the structural formula of the active material of described positive pole is: LiCo
xl
1-xo
2, wherein, L is any one of Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si and Fe, and 0<x≤1, described lithium ion cell charging cut-ff voltage is greater than 4.3V and is less than or equal to 4.5V.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, the present invention selects the wire carboxylate of carbonic ester and wide liquid journey as cosolvent, effectively can improve wettability, the reduction electrode/electrolyte interface impedance of electrolyte to graphite cathode, improve cycle performance of battery and high temperature performance; To compare the combination of carbonic ester/GBL equal solvent, electrolyte and graphite cathode compatibility better, battery cycle life is long.
2, in additive 0.5% ~ 2.0% ether nitrile compound, can complexation of metal ions, suppress digestion of metallic ion, protection positive pole, effectively promote battery high-temperature storge quality, reduce thickness swelling and improve battery capacity conservation rate; Compare Arneel SD SN, and ether nitrile in the electrolytic solution dissolubility is better, and better with graphite cathode compatibility, battery high temperature performance is more excellent.
3, two fluorine sulfimide lithium salts has the feature of high conductivity, and it participates in the SEI film Heat stability is good formed, and joins the high-temperature storage performance and low temperature charge-discharge performance that effectively can improve battery in electrolyte as additive; Compare the LiBOB of high impedance, battery low-temperature circulating can be avoided to analyse lithium, the LiDFOB that thermal stability of comparing is poor, then can avoid full electric state battery 85 DEG C of long-time storage aerogenesis.
4, cyclic sulfates in battery plus-negative plate material surface film forming, can improve SEI film quality, increases SEI film thermal stability and reduce its impedance, have good high/low temperature and take into account cycle characteristics; Compare the thiazolinyl propane sultone RPS of high impedance, and battery low-temperature circulating can be avoided to analyse lithium.
Main innovate point of the present invention is:
By adding the carboxylate solvent of low viscosity, wide liquid journey, strengthening electrolyte to the wettability of graphite cathode, reducing electrode/electrolyte interface impedance, improve cycle performance of battery and high temperature performance; Suppress digestion of metallic ion by ether nitrile compound, to reach protection positive pole, improve the object of battery high-temperature behavior; Two fluorine sulfimide lithium and cyclic sulfates compound is added further in electrolyte, optimize electrode surface SEI film composition, strengthen SEI film thermal stability, reduce SEI membrane impedance, thus improve the full electric state storge quality of high-voltage battery 85 DEG C and 0 DEG C completely fill performance, take into account battery high and low temperature excellent properties.
Embodiment
Be described further the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, enforcement of the present invention includes but not limited to following execution mode.Any do not depart from content of the present invention change or replace and can be understood by those skilled in the art, all should within protection scope of the present invention.
embodiment 1
Electrolyte quota step: in the glove box being full of argon gas, by ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate and n propyl propionate are in mass ratio for EC:PC:DEC:EP:PP=2:1:5:1:1 mixes, then slowly add to mixed solution the lithium hexafluoro phosphate and the two fluorine sulfimide lithium of 0.1mol/L that concentration is 1.0mol/L, finally add 1 based on electrolyte total weight 2wt%, 2-bis-(2-cyanoethoxyl) ethane (DENE), 0.5wt% sulfuric acid vinyl ester (DTD), 0.5wt% vinylene carbonate (VC), 3wt% fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), 3wt% propane sultone (PS), the lithium-ion battery electrolytes of embodiment 1 is obtained after stirring.
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes above-mentioned steps prepared injects through fully dry 4.35V graphite/LiCoO
2polymer battery (volume energy density 600Wh/L), battery is shelved, is changed into through 45 DEG C, after fixture high-temperature baking and secondary sealing, carry out conventional partial volume.
1) normal-temperature circulating performance test: at 25 DEG C, the battery after changing into is charged to 4.35V by 1C constant current constant voltage, cut-off current 0.02C, then presses 1C constant-current discharge to 3.0V.The 500th cycle circulation volume conservation rate is calculated after charge/discharge 500 circulations.Computing formula is as follows:
500th circulation volume conservation rate (%)=(the 500th cyclic discharge capacity/cyclic discharge capacity first) × 100%th;
2) 85 DEG C of high-temperature storage performances: under room temperature, battery is pressed 0.5C discharge and recharge once, cut-off current 0.02C, record initial capacity.Be full of by 0.5C constant current constant voltage again, test battery original depth; The climatic chamber full battery being placed in 85 DEG C of 85% humidity stores 18 hours, and the hot thickness of test battery, calculates hot expansion; Battery normal temperature shelf tested cold thickness, voltage, internal resistance after 6 hours, was discharged to 3.0V by 0.5C, record residual capacity; Press 0.5C charge and discharge cycles again 3 times, record the heap(ed) capacity in 3 circulations, i.e. battery recovery capacity, calculate battery capacity surplus ratio and capacity resuming rate.Computing formula is as follows:
The hot expansion rate of battery (%)=(hot thickness-original depth)/original depth × 100%;
Battery capacity surplus ratio (%)=maintenance capacity/initial capacity × 100%;
Capacity resuming rate (%)=recovery capacity/initial capacity × 100%.
3) 0 DEG C, battery completely fills and disassembles: after battery is shelved 16 hours in 0 DEG C of insulating box, be charged to 4.35V by 0.5C electric current constant current constant voltage, cut-off current 0.02C, battery transferred to and is full of in the glove box of argon gas, full electric state disassembles battery, observes battery cathode surface color, analyses lithium situation.
embodiment 2 ~ 9
In embodiment 2 ~ 9, except electrolyte solvent and portions additive composition and content press that table 1 is shown and added, other is all identical with embodiment 1.Table 1 is anolyte portion constituent content table and the battery performance test result of embodiment 1 ~ 9:
comparative example 1 ~ 9
In comparative example 1 ~ 9, except electrolyte solvent and portions additive composition and content press that table 2 is shown and added, other is all identical with embodiment 1.Table 2 is anolyte portion constituent content table and the battery performance test result of comparative example 1 ~ 9:
In above-mentioned table 1 and table 2, it is as follows that corresponding title write a Chinese character in simplified form in each chemical substance letter:
EC (ethylene carbonate), PC (propene carbonate), DEC (diethyl carbonate), EMC (methyl ethyl carbonate), PP (n propyl propionate), PA (propyl acetate), EP (ethyl propionate), the two fluorine sulfimide lithium of LiFSI(), LiBOB(di-oxalate lithium borate), LiDFOB(difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium), DENE(1, 2-bis-(2-cyanoethoxyl) ethane), TECP(1, 2, 3-tri--(2-cyanoethoxyl) propane), SN(succinonitrile), DTD (sulfuric acid vinyl ester), PCS (sulfuric acid propylene), RPS (1, 3-propene sultone).
Embodiment 1 ~ 3 is more known with comparative example 1 ~ 2, chain carboxylate is not added in comparative example, 0 DEG C, battery completely fills negative pole and easily analyses lithium, cycle performance of battery is also relative poor with 85 DEG C of high-temperature storage performances, particularly use the comparative example 2 of GBL, the normal temperature 500 cycle capability retentions that circulate are down to less than 70%, electrode interface poor compatibility.
Embodiment 1,4,5 is more known with comparative example 3 ~ 5, does not add two fluorine sulfimide lithium in comparative example, cycle performance of battery and 85 DEG C of high-temperature storage performances poor; In addition, add battery in the comparative example 4 of LiBOB and completely fill negative pole at 0 DEG C and analyse lithium, add battery 85 DEG C of high-temperature storage 18h in the comparative example 5 of LiDFOB and expand seriously, capacity surplus ratio less than 70%.
Embodiment 1,6,7 is more known with comparative example 6 ~ 7, ether nitrile compound is not added in comparative example, battery 85 DEG C of high-temperature storage 18 hours hot expansion rate >8%, capacity surplus ratio <80%, high-voltage battery cycle performance is also poor simultaneously.
Embodiment 1,8,9 is more known with comparative example 8 ~ 9, and comparative example 8 does not add cyclic sulfates, and cycle performance of battery is all relative poor with 85 DEG C of high-temperature storage 18h, hot expansion rate >8%, capacity surplus ratio <80%; In comparative example 9, add alkenyl sultone RPS, battery high-temperature storge quality is excellent, but 0 DEG C is completely filled negative pole and occurs analysing lithium problem, and battery normal-temperature circulating performance also declines to a great extent.
To sum up: electrolyte of the present invention is by improving the multiple additives acting in conjunction such as the wire carboxylate solvent at electrode/electrolyte interface, collaborative ether nitrile compound, two fluorine sulfimide lithium and cyclic sulfates compound, can guarantee that high-voltage battery obtains excellent cycle performance, take into account full electric state storage 18h and 0 DEG C of high-voltage battery 85 DEG C simultaneously and completely fill the high and low temperature excellent properties of not analysing lithium.
Be more than illustrating for section Example of the present invention, not for limiting the scope of the claims of the present invention, all change or replacements not departing from content of the present invention, all should within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. take into account a high-voltage electrolyte for high temperature performance, comprise non-aqueous organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt, ether nitrile compound and Low ESR additive, it is characterized in that: described non-aqueous organic solvent comprises carbonate solvent and wide liquid journey wire carboxylate solvent; Described electrolyte lithium salt is the combination of lithium hexafluoro phosphate, two fluorine sulfimide lithium two kinds of compounds 1:0.01-0.5 in molar ratio; Described Low ESR additive is the cyclic sulfates compound shown in structural formula I;
Structural formula I
In structural formula I: m is the integer of 1 ~ 4, R
1for any one of hydrogen atom, methyl, propyl group and vinyl.
2. the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described ether nitrile compound is one or both mixing in 1,2-bis-(2-cyanoethoxyl) ethane, 1,2,3-tri--(2-cyanoethoxyl) propane.
3. the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mass percent of described ether nitrile compound in the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance is 0.5% ~ 2.0%.
4. the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described electrolyte lithium salt is lithium hexafluoro phosphate and the two kinds of lithium salts mixing of two fluorine sulfimide lithium, and the mol ratio of two kinds of lithium salts is 1:0.03-0.2.
5. the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cyclic sulfates compound be one in sulfuric acid vinyl ester, sulfuric acid propylene, BDO sulfuric ester, 4-methylsulfuric acid vinyl acetate and 4-propylthio vinyl acetate and more than.
6. the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mass percent of described cyclic sulfates compound in the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance is 0.2% ~ 1.0%.
7. the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described ether nitrile compound and the mass percent of cyclic sulfates in the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance are 10:1 ~ 1:2.
8. the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described carbonate solvent be one in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and more than; Described wide liquid journey wire carboxylate solvent be one in propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, n-amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl propionate, n propyl propionate, ethyl butyrate and more than.
9. the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also containing vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, 1, one or more additives in 3-propane sultone, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, above-mentioned each additive mass percent is in the electrolytic solution 0.1% ~ 5.0% separately.
10. take into account the high-voltage lithium ion batteries of high temperature performance for one kind, it is characterized in that, comprise the high-voltage electrolyte taking into account high temperature performance described in positive pole, negative pole, barrier film and claim 1 to 9 any one, the structural formula of the active material of described positive pole is: LiCo
xl
1-xo
2, wherein, L is any one of Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si and Fe, and 0<x≤1, described lithium ion cell charging cut-ff voltage is greater than 4.3V and is less than 4.5V.
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| CN105977525A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-09-28 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery employing non-aqueous electrolyte |
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