CN109458307B - Synchronous measuring device and method for pneumatic efficiency and system power generation efficiency of wind turbine - Google Patents
Synchronous measuring device and method for pneumatic efficiency and system power generation efficiency of wind turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN109458307B CN109458307B CN201811569308.2A CN201811569308A CN109458307B CN 109458307 B CN109458307 B CN 109458307B CN 201811569308 A CN201811569308 A CN 201811569308A CN 109458307 B CN109458307 B CN 109458307B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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Abstract
A synchronous measuring device and method for aerodynamic efficiency of wind turbine and system generating efficiency, the generator of the device adopts a double-head generator; the base is fixed in the wind tunnel test section, the generator and the torque tachometer are fixed on the base, one end of the torque tachometer is connected with the transmission shaft, the wind wheel is fixed on the transmission shaft, and the wind wheel is positioned at the upstream of the wind tunnel test section in the incoming flow direction; the other end of the torque tachometer is fixedly connected with one end of a generator, and the other end of the generator is fixedly connected with the motor; the frequency converter is connected with the motor, and the rotating speed of the motor is regulated through the frequency converter; the power meter is connected with the generator; the data output ends of the torque tachometer and the power meter are connected with a computer. The method comprises the following steps: measuring the idle rotation speed of the wind wheel at a set wind speed; the rotating speed of the motor is regulated through a frequency converter, and the wind wheel is driven to rotate; measuring wind wheel shaft torque, rotating speed and generator output power; and transmitting the measured data to a computer to calculate and obtain the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel, the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system and the power generation efficiency of the generator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of testing of aerodynamic characteristics and power characteristics of wind turbines, and particularly relates to a synchronous measuring device and method for aerodynamic efficiency and system power generation efficiency of a wind turbine.
Background
The environment and energy are the basis for human survival, the huge consumption of fossil energy causes serious environmental pollution problems, and the active development of new energy and renewable energy helps to alleviate the energy and environmental problems. Wind energy is used as a clean and pollution-free renewable energy source, and the utilization technology of the wind energy has been developed to a more mature place. Urban wind fields are important and hot points of research at present, and urban wind fields are utilized in place as one of places with the most concentrated energy demands, wherein the small wind turbines are more suitable for urban environment off-grid distributed power generation, so that the design and development of the high-efficiency small wind turbines are more beneficial to popularization and development of urban environment distributed power generation. The wind turbine system mainly comprises two important components of a wind wheel and a generator, the pneumatic efficiency of the wind wheel and the efficiency of the generator directly determine the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system, and the generator is mainly selected by depending on the design rotating speed and the power of the wind wheel, however, practice proves that the situation of mismatching often exists between the wind wheel and the generator.
At present, wind tunnel experiments of a wind turbine are mainly divided into two types, wherein the first type is wind tunnel experiments for testing the aerodynamic efficiency of a wind wheel, and the second type is wind tunnel experiments for testing the power generation efficiency of a wind turbine system, and the two types of experiments are carried out independently of each other.
For the first wind tunnel experiment for testing the pneumatic efficiency of the wind wheel, the wind tunnel experiment is only used for evaluating the quality of the pneumatic design scheme of the wind wheel; for the second wind tunnel experiment for testing the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system, only the power generation efficiency of the whole wind turbine system can be measured, but the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel and the efficiency of the generator cannot be measured, so that the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel and the efficiency of the generator cannot be accurately estimated; because the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system is the result of matching the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel with the efficiency of the generator, the problem of generator matching is difficult to solve by the second wind tunnel experiment alone.
At present, two different experiments are required to be carried out to obtain the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel, the efficiency of the generator and the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system, and the efficiency of the generator can be calculated through the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel and the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system. Because the experimental equipment adopted by the two experiments is different, equipment errors inevitably exist; furthermore, random errors can exist in the adjustment of wind speed and rotating speed in different experiments; therefore, it is difficult to ensure accuracy of efficiency of the generator under the influence of many data errors. Because wind tunnel experiments must be independently carried out twice, the experimental process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the experimental efficiency is low.
For this reason, a device and a method for synchronously testing the aerodynamic efficiency and the power generation efficiency of a wind turbine are proposed in chinese patent No. ZL201610781702.7, which can measure and calculate the aerodynamic efficiency of a wind wheel, the power generation efficiency of a generator and the power generation efficiency of the system in a wind turbine system through one experimental process, but the device still has limitations in the wind turbine testing process, and can only test wind turbines with monotonically decreasing torque along with increasing rotation speed, such as resistance wind turbines, and can obtain complete experimental data corresponding to low rotation speed to high rotation speed; however, for wind turbines whose torque does not decrease monotonically with increasing rotational speed, such as lift wind turbines, the loading of the electromagnetic brake is gradually increasing during the experiment, the rotational speed of the wind turbine gradually decreases, and when the loading causes the rotational speed to be below the threshold rotational speed, the load torque is greater than the aerodynamic torque of the wind turbine, and the wind turbine will stop turning momentarily. Therefore, the patent can only measure the torque from the maximum rotating speed to the critical rotating speed of the wind turbine, and only incomplete experimental data corresponding to the critical rotating speed to the high rotating speed are obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides the synchronous measuring device and the synchronous measuring method for the aerodynamic efficiency and the system power generation efficiency of the wind turbine, which can meet the test requirements of resistance type wind turbines and lift type wind turbines of various types, and can simultaneously obtain the aerodynamic efficiency of a wind wheel of the wind turbine and the power generation efficiency of a wind turbine system only through one experimental process, thereby effectively avoiding various errors caused by two independent experiments, ensuring the accuracy of the power generation efficiency and effectively improving the experimental efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a synchronous measuring device of pneumatic efficiency of wind-mill and system generating efficiency, includes base, wind wheel, generator, moment of torsion tachometer and power meter, its characteristics are: the motor and the frequency converter are also included, and the generator adopts a double-head generator; the base is fixedly arranged in the wind tunnel test section, the generator and the torque tachometer are fixedly arranged on the base, one end of the torque tachometer is connected with a transmission shaft through a first coupling, the wind wheel is fixedly arranged on the transmission shaft, and the wind wheel is positioned at the upstream of the wind tunnel test section in the incoming flow direction; the other end of the torque tachometer is fixedly connected with one end of a motor shaft of the generator through a second coupler, and the other end of the motor shaft of the generator is fixedly connected with the motor shaft of the motor through a third coupler; the frequency converter is connected with the motor, and the rotating speed of the motor is regulated through the frequency converter; the power meter is connected with the generator; and the data output ends of the torque tachometer and the power meter are connected with a computer.
And a resistor is connected between the power meter and the generator, the power meter and the resistor form a closed circuit.
And a bearing support seat is arranged between the transmission shaft and the base, and the bearing support seat is used for preventing structural deformation of the transmission shaft during rotation.
And the axial center lines of the transmission shaft, the torque tachometer, the generator and the wind tunnel test section are overlapped.
The method for synchronously measuring the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine and the power generation efficiency of the system adopts the device for synchronously measuring the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine and the power generation efficiency of the system, and comprises the following steps:
step one: setting the wind speed in the wind tunnel test section;
step two: disconnecting the second coupling to disconnect the torque tachometer from the motor shaft of the generator;
step three: driving the wind wheel to rotate by utilizing incoming flow at a set wind speed, and measuring the idle rotation speed of the wind wheel;
step four: engaging the second coupling to connect the torque tachometer, the generator, and the motor in series;
step five: the rotating speed of the motor is regulated through the frequency converter, and the wind wheel is driven to rotate through the motor;
step six: measuring the shaft torque and the rotating speed of the wind wheel through a torque rotating speed meter, measuring the output power of a generator through a power meter, and transmitting the shaft torque and the rotating speed data of the wind wheel and the output power data of the generator into a computer;
step seven: and calculating the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel, the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system and the power generation efficiency by using a computer.
The rotating speed of the motor is required to be lower than the idle rotating speed of the wind wheel, at the moment, the motor is used as a load of a wind turbine system, and the rotating speed of the motor is changed through the frequency converter, so that the rotating speeds of the generator and the wind wheel are changed, and the simultaneous test of the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine and the power generation efficiency of the system under the same wind speed and different rotating speeds is realized.
The aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel is evaluated through a change curve of the wind energy utilization coefficient along with the tip speed ratio, and the calculation formulas of the wind energy utilization coefficient and the tip speed ratio are as follows
C p ＝2P M /ρAV 3
λ＝wR/V
Wherein P is M =2πnM/60, where P M Is wind wheel mechanical power, n is wind wheel rotating speed, M is wind wheel shaft torque, C P The wind energy utilization coefficient is that ρ is air density, A is the swept area of the wind wheel, V is the incoming wind speed, λ is the tip speed ratio, w is the rotational angular speed of the wind wheel, and R is the rotational radius of the wind wheel.
The calculation formula of the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system is as follows
η t ＝2P G /ρAV 3
Wherein eta is t For the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system, P G The wind turbine is characterized in that the wind turbine is a generator, wherein ρ is air density, A is a wind wheel swept area, and V is an incoming wind speed.
The calculation formula of the generator efficiency is that
η g ＝η t /C p
Wherein eta is g For generator efficiency, eta t C, generating efficiency of the wind turbine system P Is the wind energy utilization coefficient.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the Chinese patent with the patent number ZL201610781702.7, the invention is further innovated in the loading mode, and the motor is introduced to be used as the load of the wind turbine system for the first time, namely, when the rotating speed of the motor is smaller than the idle maximum rotating speed of the wind turbine, the motor can be regarded as the load, and experimental data under the full rotating speed can be obtained by changing the rotating speed of the motor.
The invention can meet the test requirements of resistance type wind turbines and lift type wind turbines of various types, and can simultaneously obtain the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel of the wind turbine and the power generation efficiency of a wind turbine system only through one experimental process, thereby effectively avoiding various errors caused by two independent experiments, ensuring the accuracy of the efficiency of the generator and effectively improving the experimental efficiency.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a graph of the power of the small horizontal axis wind turbine along with the rotation speed, it can be seen that only part of experimental data at the rotation speed can be measured by the chinese patent No. ZL201610781702.7, while experimental data such as power at the full rotation speed can be measured by the present invention, and the limitation of the chinese patent No. ZL201610781702.7 is effectively overcome by the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a synchronous measuring device for aerodynamic efficiency and system power generation efficiency of a wind turbine according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of power versus rotational speed for a small horizontal axis wind turbine;
in the figure, 1-base, 2-wind wheel, 3-generator, 4-torque tachometer, 5-power meter, 6-resistor, 7-wind tunnel test section, 8-transmission shaft, 9-motor, 10-frequency converter, 11-bearing support seat, 12-computer, 13-first coupler, 14-second coupler and 15-third coupler.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, the synchronous measuring device for the aerodynamic efficiency of a wind turbine and the power generation efficiency of a system comprises a base 1, a wind wheel 2, a generator 3, a torque tachometer 4, a power meter 5, a motor 9 and a frequency converter 10, wherein the generator 3 adopts a double-head generator; the base 1 is fixedly arranged in the wind tunnel test section 7, the generator 3 and the torque tachometer 4 are fixedly arranged on the base 1, one end of the torque tachometer 4 is connected with a transmission shaft 8 through a first coupler 13, the wind wheel 2 is fixedly arranged on the transmission shaft 8, and the wind wheel 2 is positioned at the upstream of the wind tunnel test section 7 in the incoming flow direction; the other end of the torque tachometer 4 is fixedly connected with one end of a motor shaft of the generator 3 through a second coupler 14, and the other end of the motor shaft of the generator 3 is fixedly connected with the motor shaft of the motor 9 through a third coupler 15; the frequency converter 10 is connected with the motor 9, and the rotating speed of the motor 9 is regulated through the frequency converter 10; the power meter 5 is connected with the generator 3; the data output ends of the torque tachometer 4 and the power meter 5 are connected with a computer 12.
A resistor 6 is connected between the power meter 5 and the generator 3, the power meter 5, and the resistor 6 form a closed circuit.
A bearing support seat 11 is arranged between the transmission shaft 8 and the base 1, and the bearing support seat 11 is used for preventing structural deformation of the transmission shaft 8 during rotation.
The axial center lines of the transmission shaft 8, the torque tachometer 4, the generator 3 and the wind tunnel test section 7 are overlapped.
The method for synchronously measuring the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine and the power generation efficiency of the system adopts the device for synchronously measuring the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine and the power generation efficiency of the system, and comprises the following steps:
step one: setting the wind speed in the wind tunnel test section 7;
step two: disconnecting the second coupling 14, disconnecting the torque tachometer 4 from the motor shaft of the generator 3;
step three: driving the wind wheel 2 to rotate by utilizing incoming flow at a set wind speed, and measuring the idle rotation speed of the wind wheel 2;
step four: engaging the second coupling 14 to connect the torque tachometer 4, the generator 3 and the motor 9 in series;
step five: the rotating speed of the motor 9 is regulated through the frequency converter 10, and the wind wheel 2 is driven to rotate through the motor 9;
step six: measuring the shaft torque and the rotation speed of the wind wheel 2 through a torque rotation speed meter 4, measuring the output power of the generator 3 through a power meter 5, and transmitting the shaft torque and rotation speed data of the wind wheel 2 and the output power data of the generator 3 into a computer 12;
step seven: the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel 2, the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system and the efficiency of the generator 3 are calculated by the computer 12.
The rotating speed of the motor 9 is required to be lower than the idle rotating speed of the wind wheel 2, at the moment, the motor 9 is used as a load of a wind turbine system, and meanwhile, the rotating speed of the motor 9 is changed through the frequency converter 13, so that the rotating speeds of the generator 3 and the wind wheel 2 are changed, and the simultaneous test of the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine and the power generation efficiency of the system under the same wind speed and different rotating speeds is realized.
The aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel 2 is evaluated by a change curve of the wind energy utilization coefficient along with the tip speed ratio, and the calculation formulas of the wind energy utilization coefficient and the tip speed ratio are as follows
C p ＝2P M /ρAV 3
λ＝wR/V
Wherein P is M =2πnM/60, where P M Is wind wheel mechanical power, n is wind wheel rotating speed, M is wind wheel shaft torque, C P The wind energy utilization coefficient is that ρ is air density, A is the swept area of the wind wheel, V is the incoming wind speed, λ is the tip speed ratio, w is the rotational angular speed of the wind wheel, and R is the rotational radius of the wind wheel.
The calculation formula of the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system is as follows
η t ＝2P G /ρAV 3
Wherein eta is t For the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system, P G The wind turbine is characterized in that the wind turbine is a generator, wherein ρ is air density, A is a wind wheel swept area, and V is an incoming wind speed.
The calculation formula of the efficiency of the generator 3 is as follows
η g ＝η t /C p
Wherein eta is g For generator efficiency, eta t C, generating efficiency of the wind turbine system P Is the wind energy utilization coefficient.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather are intended to cover all equivalent implementations or modifications that can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a synchronous measuring device of pneumatic efficiency of wind-mill and system generating efficiency, includes base, wind wheel, generator, moment of torsion tachometer and power meter, its characterized in that: the motor and the frequency converter are also included, and the generator adopts a double-head generator; the base is fixedly arranged in the wind tunnel test section, the generator and the torque tachometer are fixedly arranged on the base, one end of the torque tachometer is connected with a transmission shaft through a first coupling, the wind wheel is fixedly arranged on the transmission shaft, and the wind wheel is positioned at the upstream of the wind tunnel test section in the incoming flow direction; the other end of the torque tachometer is fixedly connected with one end of a motor shaft of the generator through a second coupler, and the other end of the motor shaft of the generator is fixedly connected with the motor shaft of the motor through a third coupler; the frequency converter is connected with the motor, and the rotating speed of the motor is regulated through the frequency converter; the power meter is connected with the generator; the data output ends of the torque tachometer and the power meter are connected with a computer; the rotating speed of the motor is required to be lower than the idle rotating speed of the wind wheel, at the moment, the motor is used as a load of a wind turbine system, and the rotating speed of the motor is changed through the frequency converter, so that the rotating speeds of the generator and the wind wheel are changed, and the simultaneous test of the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine and the power generation efficiency of the system under the same wind speed and different rotating speeds is realized; a resistor is connected between the power meter and the generator, the power meter and the resistor form a closed circuit; and a bearing support seat is arranged between the transmission shaft and the base, and the bearing support seat is used for preventing structural deformation of the transmission shaft during rotation.
2. The synchronous measuring device for aerodynamic efficiency and system power generation efficiency of a wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein: and the axial center lines of the transmission shaft, the torque tachometer, the generator and the wind tunnel test section are overlapped.
3. The method for synchronously measuring the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine and the power generation efficiency of the system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: setting the wind speed in the wind tunnel test section;
step two: disconnecting the second coupling to disconnect the torque tachometer from the motor shaft of the generator;
step three: driving the wind wheel to rotate by utilizing incoming flow at a set wind speed, and measuring the idle rotation speed of the wind wheel;
step four: engaging the second coupling to connect the torque tachometer, the generator, and the motor in series;
step five: the rotating speed of the motor is regulated through the frequency converter, and the wind wheel is driven to rotate through the motor;
step six: measuring the shaft torque and the rotating speed of the wind wheel through a torque rotating speed meter, measuring the output power of a generator through a power meter, and transmitting the shaft torque and the rotating speed data of the wind wheel and the output power data of the generator into a computer;
step seven: and calculating the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel, the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system and the power generation efficiency by using a computer.
4. A method for synchronously measuring aerodynamic efficiency and system power generation efficiency of a wind turbine according to claim 3, wherein: the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel is evaluated through a change curve of the wind energy utilization coefficient along with the tip speed ratio, and the calculation formulas of the wind energy utilization coefficient and the tip speed ratio are as follows
C p ＝2P M /ρAV 3
λ＝wR/V
Wherein P is M =2πnM/60, where P M Is wind wheel mechanical power, n is wind wheel rotating speed, M is wind wheel shaft torque, C P The wind energy utilization coefficient is that ρ is air density, A is the swept area of the wind wheel, V is the incoming wind speed, λ is the tip speed ratio, w is the rotational angular speed of the wind wheel, and R is the rotational radius of the wind wheel.
5. The method for synchronously measuring the aerodynamic efficiency and the system power generation efficiency of the wind turbine according to claim 4 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the calculation formula of the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system is as follows
η t ＝2P G /ρAV 3
Wherein eta is t For the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine system, P G The wind turbine is characterized in that the wind turbine is a generator, wherein ρ is air density, A is a wind wheel swept area, and V is an incoming wind speed.
6. The method for synchronously measuring the aerodynamic efficiency and the system power generation efficiency of the wind turbine according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the calculation formula of the generator efficiency is that
η g ＝η t /C p
Wherein eta is g For generator efficiency, eta t C, generating efficiency of the wind turbine system P Is the wind energy utilization coefficient.
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