CN104963810A - Low-wind-speed generation optimization control method and system of wind generating set - Google Patents

Low-wind-speed generation optimization control method and system of wind generating set Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104963810A
CN104963810A CN201510382358.XA CN201510382358A CN104963810A CN 104963810 A CN104963810 A CN 104963810A CN 201510382358 A CN201510382358 A CN 201510382358A CN 104963810 A CN104963810 A CN 104963810A
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wind
generating set
speed
torque
lower velocity
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吴行健
纪国瑞
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Guodian United Power Technology Co Ltd
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Guodian United Power Technology Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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Abstract

The invention discloses a low-wind-speed generation optimization control method and system of a wind generating set. The method comprises the following steps that A, the optimal torque Q<d> of a generator at different rotating speeds is calculated according to the rotating speed w<g> and the optimal wind energy proportionality coefficient K<opt> of the generator; B, the pneumatic torque T<a> of an impeller is calculated according to the torque angle theta of a low-speed shaft; C, the optimal electromagnetic torque Q<t> is calculated according to the formula Q<t>=Q<d>+Q<PI>+g*T<a>, and in the formula, Q<PI> is a correction value obtained by carrying out PI adjustment on Q<d>, and g is a correction factor constant. According to the low-wind-speed generation optimization control method and system of the wind generating set, the problem that the wind energy utilization rate of the wind generating set at low wind speed is not high can be solved, the running performance effectiveness of the wind generating set under the low wind speed conditions can be improved, and then the annual energy output of the wind generating set is improved.

Description

A kind of wind power generating set low wind speed optimum control for generation method and system
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of wind power, particularly relate to a kind of wind power generating set low wind speed optimum control for generation method and system.
Background technique
As the important component part of clean energy resource, wind energy industry the coming five years development potentiality is huge, and Wind Power Generation Industry will realize scale, standardization, high-technicalization, while control wind-powered electricity generation industry development speed, improve development quality.Current wind power generating set is mostly horizontal axis lift-type, is the special aerodynamic configuration utilizing blade, out-of-date in wind, and blade produces lift, and then produces running torque, and drive electrical generators sends electric energy.When wind speed is lower than rated wind speed, wind-driven generator is mainly operated in underpower state, and namely the propeller pitch angle of blade is adjusted to fixedpiston Angle Position, reaches higher capacity usage ratio by regulating electromagnetic torque.
According to the wind speed profile of three class wind fields in IEC standard, wind-driven generator about has the time service of 80% at low wind speeds.At low wind speeds, wind-driven generator mainly controls according to static rotating speed-torque curve, and the wind that in the method, static rotating speed-torque curve is considered is stable state wind, and blows from impeller leading faces, and the wind of reality is Three dimensional Turbulent wind, wind direction and wind speed are constantly changes.By the impact of actual wind speed, wind direction and blade model, wind-driven generator will be in non-optimal energy-absorbing states, thus cause the reduction of wind energy utilization, affect to the performance of Fan Product and generated energy.Therefore, can not reach best under the low wind speed of wind-driven generator to wind energy utilization, be difficult to the problem of the requirement meeting unit allocation performance and power generating quality, need to propose new wind power generating set low wind speed optimum control for generation method and system.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of wind power generating set low wind speed optimum control for generation method, wind power generating set can be realized there is preferably capacity usage ratio at low wind speeds, optimize blower fan power generation performance, improve unit generation amount, thus can not reach best to wind energy utilization under overcoming the low wind speed of existing wind-driven generator, be difficult to the deficiency meeting unit allocation performance and power generating quality requirement.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technological scheme:
A kind of wind power generating set low wind speed optimum control for generation method, comprises the following steps: A. is according to generator speed ω g, optimum wind energy Proportional coefficient K opt, optimum torque Q during calculating generator different rotating speeds d; B. according to lower velocity shaft windup-degree θ, impeller pneumatic torque T is calculated a; C. following formula is adopted to calculate best electromagnetic torque Q t: Q t=Q d+ Q pI+ g*T a, in formula, Q pIfor to Q dcarry out PI and regulate the correction value obtained, g is correction factor constant.
Further, generator speed ω in described steps A gmeasured by photoelectric encoder and obtain.
Further, in described step B, lower velocity shaft windup-degree θ measures acquisition by torsion angle sensor.
Further, T is passed through in described step B a=J rω ' ' r+ K sθ+B sθ '+μ calculates impeller pneumatic torque T a, wherein, J rfor lower velocity shaft rotary inertia, ω ' ' rfor wheel speed variance ratio, K sfor lower velocity shaft rigidity, θ is lower velocity shaft windup-degree, and θ ' is lower velocity shaft windup-degree variance ratio, B sfor lower velocity shaft damping constant, μ is correction factor.
Further, Q is passed through in described step C pI=K pe+K i∫ e calculates correction value Q pI, wherein, K pfor scaling factor, K ifor integral coefficient, e is generator speed ω gwith the difference of reference rotation velocity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of wind power generating set low wind speed optimum control for generation system.Adopt following technological scheme:
A kind of wind power generating set low wind speed optimum control for generation system, comprising: optimum torque computing module, for according to generator speed ω g, optimum wind energy Proportional coefficient K opt, optimum torque Q during calculating generator different rotating speeds d; Pneumatic torque computing module, for according to lower velocity shaft windup-degree θ, calculates impeller pneumatic torque T a; And electromagnetic torque computing module, for more described optimum torque Q dwith impeller pneumatic torque T asize; When both are identical, adopt this identical value as best electromagnetic torque Q t; When both are different, following formula is adopted to calculate best electromagnetic torque Q t: Q t=Q d+ Q pI+ g*T a, in formula, Q pIfor to Q dcarry out PI and regulate the correction value obtained, g is correction factor constant.
Further, described generator speed ω gmeasured by photoelectric encoder and obtain.
Further, described lower velocity shaft windup-degree θ is measured by torsion angle sensor and obtains.
Further, described impeller pneumatic torque T aby formula T a=J rω ' ' r+ K sθ+B sθ '+μ calculates, wherein, and J rfor lower velocity shaft rotary inertia, ω ' ' rfor wheel speed variance ratio, K sfor lower velocity shaft rigidity, θ is lower velocity shaft windup-degree, and θ ' is lower velocity shaft windup-degree variance ratio, B sfor lower velocity shaft damping constant, μ is correction factor.
Further, described correction value Q pIby formula Q pI=K pe+K i∫ e calculates, wherein, and K pfor scaling factor, K ifor integral coefficient, e is generator speed ω gwith the difference of reference rotation velocity.
Owing to adopting technique scheme, the present invention at least has the following advantages:
The invention provides wind power generating set low wind speed optimum control for generation method and system, devise controlling unit and the solution of energy capture under low wind speed, wind power generating set achieves the optimizing regulation of electromagnetic torque in low wind speed district, effectively can improve and be operated in energy absorption efficiency in lower than rated wind speed situation at wind-driven generator, improve the control performance of wind power generating set, and then improve wind-driven generator annual electricity generating capacity, there is important economic value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, and in order to better understand technological means of the present invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is wind power generating set of the present invention low wind speed optimum control for generation system schematic.
Fig. 2 is photoelectric encoder working principle schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is lower velocity shaft torsion angle sensor schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of wind power generating set low wind speed optimum control for generation method and system, problem low to wind energy utilization under solving the low wind speed of wind-driven generator, for capacity usage ratio under raising wind-driven generator work low wind conditions and annual electricity generating capacity significant.
Wind power generating set of the present invention low wind speed optimum control for generation method, propose impeller pneumatic torque survey calculation link and dynamic optimization power absorption governing loop to control wheel speed, impeller is made to be in optimum wind energy absorbing state all the time, to make up the deficiency that foundation static torque speed curves carries out controlling to bring.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: A. obtains generator speed ω g, optimum wind energy Proportional coefficient K opt, and optimum torque Q during calculating generator different rotating speeds d; B. obtain lower velocity shaft windup-degree θ, and calculate impeller pneumatic torque T a; C. following formula is adopted to calculate best electromagnetic torque Q t: Q t=Q d+ Q pI+ g*T a, in formula, Q pIfor to Q dcarry out PI and regulate the correction value obtained, g is correction factor constant.
Wherein, generator speed ω in described steps A gphotoelectric encoder can be adopted to measure obtain, in described step B, lower velocity shaft windup-degree θ can adopt torsion angle sensor to measure acquisition.
Mentality of designing according to the method described above, the invention provides a kind of wind power generating set low wind speed optimum control for generation system.Refer to shown in Fig. 1, as preferred embodiment, described wind power generating set low wind speed optimum control for generation system comprises optimum wind energy coefficient torque system, impeller pneumatic torque output system and torque and absorbs regulating system.
Wherein, optimum wind energy coefficient torque system is made up of photoelectric encoder and optimum torque computing module, and photoelectric encoder and optimum torque computing module are linked in sequence; Impeller pneumatic torque output system is made up of lower velocity shaft torsion angle sensor and pneumatic torque computing module, and lower velocity shaft torsion angle sensor and pneumatic torque computing module are linked in sequence; Torque absorbs regulating system and is made up of PI controller and electromagnetic torque computing module, and PI controller and electromagnetic torque computing module are linked in sequence.
The input end measuring generator speed signal of photoelectric encoder, the input end measuring lower velocity shaft torsion angle signal of lower velocity shaft torsion angle sensor, optimum torque computing module exports optimum torque signal, the pneumatic torque signal that pneumatic torque computing module exports, generator speed signal, optimum torque signal, pneumatic torque signal are input to torque together and absorb regulating system, finally export best electromagnetic torque signal.
Shown in Fig. 2, first optimum wind energy coefficient torque system by the photoelectric encoder on generator in wind power generating set, is measured and record generator speed numerical value.When generator operation, the code-disc 2 in photoelectric encoder and the synchronized rotation of generator, the code-disc 2 of light source 1 in photoelectric encoder becomes pulse signal with detection grating 3 output waveform through shaping, and generator often turns around and namely exports a pulse.Photoelectricity testing part 4 detection computations pulse signal in photoelectric encoder obtains generator speed numerical value ω through change-over circuit 5 again g.
Optimum torque computing module realizes the tracking to optimum tip speed ratio, ensures that blower fan runs all the time under the power coefficient curve state of optimum, realizes optimum wind energy utilization efficiency.Specifically, after wind generator set blade aerofoil profile is determined, in conjunction with the radius R of impeller, wheel speed ω, the velocity ratio G of wind speed v, air density ρ and gear-box, can obtain tip speed ratio value λ and best proportion COEFFICIENT K opt:
&lambda; = &omega; R v - - - ( 1 )
K o p t = &pi;&rho;R 5 C p m a x / 2 &lambda; m a x 3 G 3 - - - ( 2 )
Wherein, C pmaxfor the optimum power coefficient that vane airfoil profile is corresponding, λ maxfor optimum tip speed ratio.
Under low wind friction velocity, during the state of fan operation between grid-connected rotating speed and rated speed, according to K optgenerator different rotating speeds ω can be calculated gtime optimum torque Q d:
Q d = K o p t &omega; g 2 - - - ( 3 )
The motor speed signal ω that optimum wind energy coefficient system exports g, optimum torque signal Q dbe input to torque and absorb regulating system.
Shown in Fig. 3, first impeller pneumatic torque output system is measured lower velocity shaft torsion angle by lower velocity shaft torsion angle sensor.Measure lower velocity shaft torsion angle and adopt resistance strain type sensor, it is the resistive transducer counting conversion element with resistance-strain, by elastic sensing element 6, strain gauge 7, conducting slip ring 10, composition such as brush 8 grade, can be designed to various structures form according to concrete measurement requirement.Its main operational principle is: produce distortion when elastic sensing element 6 is subject to measured power, and the strain gauge 7 of attachment on it is out of shape together, and distortion is converted to the change of resistance value by strain gauge 7 again, thus can measure the physical quantitys such as torsion angle.Because the lower velocity shaft rotating speed of wind power generating set is very fast, torsion angle is measured needs adhering resistance strain sheets 7 on blower fan lower velocity shaft 9 to form measuring bridge, after lower velocity shaft 9 produces micro-strain by moment of torsion, cause bridge resistance to change, the change transitions of strain bridge resistance is the change of electrical signal, thus the torsion angle of lower velocity shaft 9 under realizing rotation status is measured.
For the sensor measuring running shaft, the general mode adopting conducting slip ring on reliable power supply and Signal transmissions, secure four conducting slip rings 10 in the insulation position of lower velocity shaft 9 in this example, each slip ring is configured with three brushes 8, brush 8 is connected with wire to be connected with test system.Conducting slip ring 10 is connected with the strain gauge 7 be pasted onto on lower velocity shaft 9 by wire, and the electrical signal that the torsional deflection that lower velocity shaft 9 produces converts to is sent on conducting slip ring 10.When lower velocity shaft 9 rotates, lower velocity shaft torsion angle measurement signal is transferred out by conducting slip ring 10 and fixing brush 8.
Pneumatic torque computing module, by measuring in real time lower velocity shaft windup-degree θ lower in working order, in conjunction with torsional stiffness and the torsion damping constant of lower velocity shaft, can go out the pneumatic torque of instantaneous impeller according to the change calculations of vane angle speed:
T a＝J rω′ ′r+K sθ+B sθ'+μ (4)
Wherein: T afor impeller pneumatic torque, J rfor lower velocity shaft rotary inertia, ω ' ' rfor wheel speed variance ratio, K slower velocity shaft rigidity, θ is lower velocity shaft windup-degree, and θ ' is lower velocity shaft windup-degree variance ratio, B sfor lower velocity shaft damping constant, μ is correction factor, revises according to different type of machines.Generally, μ value is J in formula (4) rω ' ' r+ K sθ+B s0.1 ~ 0.2 times of θ ' sum.
The impeller pneumatic torque calculated by formula (4) take into account wind speed leakage current density, yaw error, and the information such as the normal incident angle of wind, the time of day of fan operation work can be reacted, for the optimization of low wind speed and wind machine energy capture provides the foundation.
The pneumatic torque signal T that pneumatic torque computing module exports aalso be input to torque and absorb regulating system.
Torque absorbs regulating system first by direct torque Q that PI controller is made linear-static rotating speed-torque curve dmake correction, make impeller be in energy-absorbing states all the time, ensure wind energy absorptivity.This PI controller exports as Q pI:
Q PI＝K Pe+K I∫e (5)
Wherein K pfor scaling factor, K ifor integral coefficient, e is lower velocity shaft rotating speed (the i.e. generator speed ω of photoelectric encoder acquisition g) with the difference of reference rotation velocity.Proportional can produce control action to reduce deviation according to the deviation of controlled system and reference value, and integration item can eliminate steady-state error, and the power of its effect depends on integration time constant.
Electromagnetic torque computing module after introducing the adjustment of dynamic optimization power absorption at the best electromagnetism Driving Torque of low wind speed end wind power generating set is:
Q t＝Q d+Q PI+g*T a(6)
Wherein g is correction factor constant, generally can value 0.1 ~ 0.5.
Above-mentioned best electromagnetism Driving Torque introduces reduction value Q pIand g*T a.Wherein, regulate according to pneumatic torque, for obtaining best compensated torque.Reduction value is revised based on generator speed and pneumatic torque, obtains best electromagnetic torque, achieves the optimization of low wind speed generated energy.
Owing to have employed above technological scheme, wind power generating set of the present invention low wind speed optimum control for generation method and system, the wind power generating set problem that wind energy utilization is not high at low wind speeds can be solved, by designing torque calculation link and optimization control link and innovate, ride quality and the technical merit of the low wind conditions of wind-driven generator can be improved, improve the annual electricity generating capacity of wind-driven generator, significant to raising wind-driven generator product competitive ability commercially.
The above; it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not do any pro forma restriction to the present invention, those skilled in the art utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to make a little simple modification, equivalent variations or modification, all drop in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a wind power generating set low wind speed optimum control for generation method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A. according to generator speed ω g, optimum wind energy Proportional coefficient K opt, optimum torque Q during calculating generator different rotating speeds d;
B. according to lower velocity shaft windup-degree θ, impeller pneumatic torque T is calculated a;
C. following formula is adopted to calculate best electromagnetic torque Q t:
Q t＝Q d+Q PI+g*T a，
In formula, Q pIfor to Q dcarry out PI and regulate the correction value obtained, g is correction factor constant.
2. wind power generating set according to claim 1 low wind speed optimum control for generation method, is characterized in that, generator speed ω in described steps A gmeasured by photoelectric encoder and obtain.
3. wind power generating set according to claim 1 low wind speed optimum control for generation method, is characterized in that, in described step B, lower velocity shaft windup-degree θ is measured by torsion angle sensor and obtains.
4. wind power generating set according to claim 1 low wind speed optimum control for generation method, is characterized in that, passes through T in described step B a=J rω ' ' r+ K sθ+B sθ '+μ calculates impeller pneumatic torque T a, wherein, J rfor lower velocity shaft rotary inertia, ω ' ' rfor wheel speed variance ratio, K sfor lower velocity shaft rigidity, θ is lower velocity shaft windup-degree, and θ ' is lower velocity shaft windup-degree variance ratio, B sfor lower velocity shaft damping constant, μ is correction factor.
5. wind power generating set according to claim 1 low wind speed optimum control for generation method, is characterized in that, passes through Q in described step C pI=K pe+K i∫ e calculates correction value Q pI, wherein, K pfor scaling factor, K ifor integral coefficient, e is generator speed ω gwith the difference of reference rotation velocity.
6. a wind power generating set low wind speed optimum control for generation system, is characterized in that, comprising:
Optimum torque computing module, for according to generator speed ω g, optimum wind energy Proportional coefficient K opt, optimum torque Q during calculating generator different rotating speeds d;
Pneumatic torque computing module, for according to lower velocity shaft windup-degree θ, calculates impeller pneumatic torque T a;
And electromagnetic torque computing module, calculate best electromagnetic torque Q for adopting following formula t: Q t=Q d+ Q pI+ g*T a, in formula, Q pIfor to Q dcarry out PI and regulate the correction value obtained, g is correction factor constant.
7. wind power generating set according to claim 6 low wind speed optimum control for generation system, is characterized in that, described generator speed ω gmeasured by photoelectric encoder and obtain.
8. wind power generating set according to claim 6 low wind speed optimum control for generation system, is characterized in that, described lower velocity shaft windup-degree θ is measured by torsion angle sensor and obtains.
9. wind power generating set according to claim 6 low wind speed optimum control for generation system, is characterized in that, described impeller pneumatic torque T aby formula T a=J rω ' ' r+ K sθ+B sθ '+μ calculates, wherein, and J rfor lower velocity shaft rotary inertia, ω ' ' rfor wheel speed variance ratio, K sfor lower velocity shaft rigidity, θ is lower velocity shaft windup-degree, and θ ' is lower velocity shaft windup-degree variance ratio, B sfor lower velocity shaft damping constant, μ is correction factor.
10. wind power generating set according to claim 6 low wind speed optimum control for generation system, is characterized in that, described correction value Q pIby formula Q pI=K pe+K i∫ e calculates, wherein, and K pfor scaling factor, K ifor integral coefficient, e is generator speed ω gwith the difference of reference rotation velocity.
CN201510382358.XA 2015-07-02 2015-07-02 Low-wind-speed generation optimization control method and system of wind generating set Pending CN104963810A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106870282A (en) * 2017-03-30 2017-06-20 湘电风能有限公司 Wind turbines load shedding control method under a kind of fitful wind
CN107656091A (en) * 2017-09-06 2018-02-02 中国船舶重工集团海装风电股份有限公司 A kind of wind measurement method and its system based on air-blower control sensor
CN110966142A (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-07 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 Control method and device for wind generating set

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CN103485978A (en) * 2013-10-14 2014-01-01 东南大学 Control method for compensating electromagnetic torque to realize quick and smooth tracking of maximum wind energy
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106870282A (en) * 2017-03-30 2017-06-20 湘电风能有限公司 Wind turbines load shedding control method under a kind of fitful wind
CN106870282B (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-09-21 湘电风能有限公司 Wind turbines load shedding control method under a kind of fitful wind
CN107656091A (en) * 2017-09-06 2018-02-02 中国船舶重工集团海装风电股份有限公司 A kind of wind measurement method and its system based on air-blower control sensor
CN110966142A (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-07 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 Control method and device for wind generating set

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