CN109444610B - Electrical fire fault simulation and trace preparation device - Google Patents
Electrical fire fault simulation and trace preparation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109444610B CN109444610B CN201811570167.6A CN201811570167A CN109444610B CN 109444610 B CN109444610 B CN 109444610B CN 201811570167 A CN201811570167 A CN 201811570167A CN 109444610 B CN109444610 B CN 109444610B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a set of electric fire fault simulation and trace preparation device, which comprises: the voltage regulating cabinet, the control cabinet and the combustion chamber can simulate common electrical faults such as short circuit, overcurrent, local overheat, underovervoltage and the like of an electrical circuit and equipment, prepare corresponding fire trace material evidence, realize the interconversion among various faults and reproduce real faults; the high-speed measurement of voltage and current can be realized, and the research depth is expanded; the modularized numerical control operation can be realized, and the convenient use is realized; stepless regulation of voltage and current can be realized, and the simulation method is optimized; the flexible arrangement of the combustion scene can be realized, and the method is close to the actual fire disaster; the multistage multiple protection can be realized, and the operation safety is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric fire investigation, in particular to a set of electric fire fault simulation and trace preparation device.
Background
The electric fire is the most common fire accident, and accounts for about one third of the total number of fires in China, and the investigation result of the fire is one of the focus of social attention, and directly relates to the personal interests of the people suffering from the fire. Electrical fires fall into two main categories: the first type is that faults such as short circuit, overcurrent, electric leakage, poor contact and the like occur in an electric circuit, and surrounding combustible materials are ignited to cause fire disaster; another type is a fire caused by a failure of electrical equipment due to a local high temperature or a line failure, such as: the resistance of the blower increases dramatically, igniting the surrounding combustibles and causing a fire. According to fire classification statistics, there is a strict distinction between voltage, current and resistance, but it is essentially the energy conversion between combustibles. From the analysis of fire investigation, the electrical fault is identified to cause the fire, the trace left by heating of the electrical circuit or equipment is found at the position of the first fire, the heating process is analyzed through trace inspection, and the fire cause is comprehensively identified by combining with other evidence on the site, so that the identification of the electrical fault trace is the key evidence for the identification of the whole electrical fire cause.
Since the 70 s of the 20 th century, foreign students began to study the characteristics of electrical fault traces in fire, and some fault generating devices were also manufactured according to the study requirements, which promoted the development of electrical fault trace recognition technology in fire investigation. However, the electrical system is complex, the faults are various, the faults are mutually induced, the conversion is frequent and complex, and the fire disaster is destroyed at high temperature, so that the prior fault simulation device can not meet the requirements of scientific research. In order to better show the process of fire caused by various electrical faults, various fault heating phenomena and conditions for causing the fire are researched, the process of mutual induction of various faults is known, the forming process of typical electrical fault traces in the fire is analyzed, and the influence of electrical fault energy release on trace formation is quantified, so that the depth and precision of trace research are deepened, research and development and measurement are more accurate, recording is more complete, simulation is closer to actual experimental equipment, and safety and reliability are realized.
At present, similar equipment at home and abroad has few types, most of the existing equipment is a single fault simulation generating device, and the equipment mainly has the following defects:
(1) Only a single fault can be simulated, and the mutual conversion between faults cannot be realized, for example: the wire has overcurrent faults, the wire core heats to cause insulation failure and induce short-circuit faults, which are common in actual electrical fire, but the prior equipment cannot be simulated;
(2) Only can simulate line faults, can not simulate equipment and contact faults conveniently, such as: when a wall patch board with rated current of 10A is electrified with large current of 20A, a local heating fault of a contact can occur, and the conventional equipment cannot be installed quickly and simulated repeatedly;
(3) The simulation of the multi-purpose low-voltage fault can not simulate the actual undervoltage and overvoltage faults, such as: the undervoltage fault of the electric appliance mainly depends on the fault type of the power distribution system, the input voltage of analog equipment needs to be continuously adjustable, and most of the existing equipment is low-voltage high-current equipment which has a far actual difference with fire;
(4) Only can observe the phenomenon of generating heat, unable data real-time measurement record, if: the device for simulating the short circuit fault can not catch the voltage and current change at the moment of the short circuit even if an external voltage ammeter is connected, so that the research can not be in depth;
(5) Only manual operation and control can be realized, digital modularized control cannot be realized, and certain potential safety hazards exist;
(6) Many can only simulate single fire source, can't carry out extensive burning, like: most devices are limited by the space of a combustion chamber, combustible materials with larger load cannot be arranged, most of fire sources are fixed fire sources such as liquefied petroleum gas furnaces, and the inside cannot be flexibly provided with electric appliances and combustible materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a set of electric fire fault simulation and trace preparation device.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the device integrates various electrical fault occurrence principles, including an electricity regulating cabinet, a control cabinet and a combustion chamber;
1 voltage regulator with the power of 80KW and the adjustable voltage range of 0 to 450V is arranged in the voltage regulating cabinet, the voltage regulator drives a three-phase voltage regulating slide sheet to slide by controlling a motor to rotate a chain, stepless regulation of voltage is realized, the voltage is output to the control cabinet through a transformer, and an instrument display for displaying the input voltage state of the A, B, C phase voltage regulating cabinet is arranged on a shell panel of the voltage regulating cabinet;
the control cabinet is internally provided with a numerical controller, a built-in zeroing device, a total control protector, an alternating current control protector, two AC220V sockets, a direct current control air switch, two ballast controllers, a rectifier starting button, a rectifier stopping button, a rectifier power-on button, a 315 type direct current electric welding machine, a JL-500A type alternating current welding machine A, JL-500A type alternating current welding machine B, an isolation transformer, a smoke discharging switch, an emergency stop button, a booster starting button, a booster stopping button, a boosting indicator lamp, an N-phase booster output terminal, a C-phase booster output terminal, a B-phase booster output terminal, an A-phase booster output terminal, a three-phase external socket, a two-phase external socket, a voltage regulating cabinet boosting starting button, a voltage regulating cabinet boosting starting indicator lamp, a voltage regulating cabinet reducing starting button, a booster power-on indicator lamp and a mechanical lock idle switch, the control cabinet is provided with a voltage regulating cabinet input voltage, a voltage regulating cabinet input current, an A phase alternating current input indicator lamp, a B phase alternating current input indicator lamp, a C phase alternating current input indicator lamp, a voltage regulating cabinet output voltage, a voltage regulating cabinet output current, a voltage boosting button non-resetting acousto-optic indicator, a voltage reducing button non-resetting acousto-optic indicator, a booster output voltage for displaying the working state of a booster, a booster input current, an A phase booster input indicator lamp, a B phase booster input indicator lamp, a C phase booster input indicator lamp and a display above;
the combustion chamber is internally provided with:
the connecting column groove A is used for connecting an overvoltage and undervoltage experiment;
the connecting column groove B is used for direct current short circuit and overcurrent experiments and is connected with the output end of the 315 type direct current electric welding machine;
the connecting column groove C is used for single-phase alternating current short circuit and overcurrent experiments and is connected with the JL-500A alternating current welder A;
the connecting column groove D is used for two-phase short-circuit and overcurrent experiments, is connected with one end of each of the JL-500A alternating current welder A and the JL-500A alternating current welder B, and is connected through a load;
the power output terminal of the combustion chamber is connected with a copper cone column clamping groove by 10mm 2 External electricity of multi-core copper wireA welding handle for connecting various wires and electric appliances; the panel of the wall terminal below the combustion chamber is connected by a common nut, can be directly connected with various electric equipment without a welding handle, is provided with three output modes of direct current, overvoltage and undervoltage and alternating current, and is provided with a 220V 5 socket and a 380V4 socket for connecting the electric equipment through a plug; the detachable wall socket is arranged in the combustion chamber and is used for connecting the box with poor contact fault, according to the overcurrent principle, the iron shell and the iron shell are internally welded according to the installation requirement of the wall socket, and the three-hole and five-hole wall sockets can be conveniently and quickly installed and are used for simulating the poor contact at the socket and local overheating caused by overcurrent; the smoke exhaust system is arranged above the room and is connected with the main smoke exhaust system to exhaust the smoke generated by combustion, and the smoke is exhausted after purification treatment; a plurality of groups of clamping grooves are symmetrically arranged at intervals of 30cm on two sides of the inner wall of the combustion chamber and are used for arranging bearing partition boards, and the bearing partition boards are used for arranging electric appliances or circuits.
Further, the voltage regulating cabinet is input to the control cabinet and has two paths of different types of voltages, one path is used for simulating a direct current electrical fault, and the other path is used for simulating an alternating current electrical fault.
Further, when the analog direct current electric fault: the utility power is controlled in parallel by a built-in numerical controller (internally-loaded computer program), a rectifier starting button, a rectifier stopping button and a rectifier powering button through a general control protector, numerical control (common control) and manual control (emergency braking) can be simultaneously realized, 380V alternating current utility power, A phase and B phase are input into a 315 type direct current welder, two ballast controllers are used as current output control buttons of the 315 type direct current welder and are used for realizing direct current output from 40A to 240A, and the ballast controllers are connected with a connecting column groove B in a combustion chamber to realize direct current short circuit fault and direct current fault simulation.
Further, when simulating an ac electrical fault: the utility power is connected to the voltage regulator through the main control protector, the voltage output by the A phase, the B phase and the C phase of the voltage regulator is input to the alternating current control protector in the control cabinet, the voltage boosting starting button of the manual control voltage regulator cabinet and the voltage reducing starting button of the voltage regulator cabinet are connected in parallel, the numerical controller is arranged in the parallel, the voltage boosting starter and the voltage reducing starter are controlled, the working state of the voltage regulator is displayed through the voltage boosting starting indicator lamp of the voltage regulator cabinet and the voltage reducing starting indicator lamp of the voltage regulator cabinet, program control and manual control are displayed simultaneously, and the A phase, the B phase and the C phase are distributed and set according to the requirement of electric fault simulation in the following mode:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, a phase A and a phase B are used for simulating single-phase short circuit and input into a JL-500A type alternating current welder A, the rotation of a motor of a voltage regulator is controlled through a computer, the voltage safety voltage range between the phase A and the phase B is regulated, the control of a current booster of the JL-500A type alternating current welder A is externally connected to a control panel, a current booster starting button and a current booster stopping button are used for controlling the current booster, a built-in numerical controller is connected and used for program control of the JL-500A type alternating current welder A, a current booster power-on indicator lamp is arranged, the working state of the JL-500A type alternating current welder A is displayed, the output of the alternating current welder A is controlled in two aspects of voltage and current, the voltage regulator is reset after a single experiment, the voltage regulator is used for simulating alternating current single-phase short circuit faults and overcurrent faults of a single wire, and a zero reset device is built in, and electric shock accidents are prevented;
the system is characterized in that the system is used for an overvoltage and undervoltage experiment of electrical equipment, the voltage conversion ratio of the A phase, the B phase and the C phase is 1:1.5 through an isolation transformer, the voltage of an actual measurement value of 660A phase can be output, a booster starting button is arranged at the front section, a two-stage control protection program starting password and a switch starting key are arranged, the system cannot be started by a non-special person, meanwhile, an emergency stop button is connected for emergency braking under special conditions, the booster stopping button and a built-in zeroing device are also connected, a boosting indicator lamp is connected, the boosting is prompted to be carried out, the A phase, the B phase and the C phase are respectively led into corresponding binding posts of a combustion chamber, electric equipment is connected, external binding posts are arranged at a control panel, namely an A phase booster output binding post, a B phase booster output binding post, a C phase booster output binding post and an N phase booster output binding post, and three-phase external connection socket and two-phase external connection socket with adjustable voltage are mainly used for various connection of large-volume equipment, and overvoltage and undervoltage fault simulation of various equipment is realized;
the three is the double-phase alternating current fault simulation, on the basis that the A phase and the B phase are input into a JL-500A type alternating current welder A, the B phase and the C phase are input into an L-500A type alternating current welder B, the output two ends of 2 JL-500A type alternating current welders are connected with load resistors, the voltage of the A phase, the B phase and the C phase is controlled through voltage regulators, the load resistor interfaces are replaced, the size of the resistors is regulated, and the experimental simulation of the short circuit fault induced by the two-phase cross current fault is realized;
the 220V voltage output is realized, two AC220V sockets are arranged on a control panel to directly connect the A phase and the N phase for facilitating the external connection of subsequent data recording equipment and lighting equipment, the A phase and the N phase are directly led into a combustion chamber by directly short-circuiting the AC220V under certain extreme conditions, a mechanical lock is arranged at the front end of the combustion chamber, password protection is added in a program, and a non-professional cannot start the combustion chamber;
the fault simulation circuits can set occurrence conditions through programs, and voltage and current high-speed acquisition cards 1.5 multiplied by 10 are arranged at corresponding positions of the internal circuits 4 Hz, the collected voltage and current changes are displayed in real time, and an internal program records and generates an EXCEL document.
Further, the size of the combustion chamber is 1640mm multiplied by 1000mm multiplied by 2374mm, and the bearing partition board adopts 10mm thick insulating nonflammable bakelite to prevent electric leakage.
Further, one of the ballast controllers is adjusted in the range of 40A to 240A, and the other ballast controller is used for superposing the current and amplifying the current by 40A to the maximum, thereby realizing the direct current output of 40A to 240A.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The system realizes 'one machine with multiple purposes', can simulate not only the fire caused by the fault of an electric circuit, but also the fire caused by the fault of electric equipment, so that the electric fire teaching and research work is more comprehensive and systematic;
(2) The conversion between faults is realized, faults such as short circuit, overcurrent, contact heating and the like can be independently simulated, and the conversion of various faults such as overcurrent-induced short circuit, short circuit-induced overcurrent, overcurrent-induced contact heating and the like can be simulated, so that the relationship between electrical faults can be understood in depth;
(3) The continuous adjustable pressurizing experiment is realized, the large-scale transformer is arranged, the alternating voltage in the range of 0V-660V is continuously adjustable, the overvoltage experiment can be simulated, the undervoltage experiment can be simulated, the direct current fault can be simulated, and the alternating current fault can be simulated;
(4) The modularized digital control is realized, a high-performance server is built in, special control software is designed, experiments are controlled on the liquid crystal touch screen, and aiming at different experimental projects, the special functional module is used for operation, so that the safety is ensured, and the experimental efficiency is improved;
(5) The high-speed data acquisition and recording are realized, the 1.5 multiplied by 104Hz voltage and current acquisition card is built in, the current and voltage values before and after the fault are recorded, the waveform change is displayed in real time, the EXCEL is supported to be exported, the subsequent data processing is convenient, and the scientificity and the rigor of the research are improved;
(6) The device realizes the flexible setting of combustion conditions, a large combustor with the dimensions of 1640mm multiplied by 1000mm multiplied by 2374mm is internally provided with a plurality of plate grooves, the plate surface is subjected to heat insulation treatment, the position of combustible materials can be set according to experimental requirements, and electric appliances such as a refrigerator, a washing machine and the like can be placed in the combustor to perform equipment failure experiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall appearance of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the internal structure of the regulator cubicle;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the internal structure of the control cabinet and the control layout;
FIG. 4 is a layout of the internal structure of the combustion chamber;
FIG. 5 is a construction diagram of a wiring pattern in a combustion chamber;
fig. 6 is an overall electrical circuit diagram.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the embodiment of the invention provides a set of electric fire fault simulation and trace preparation device, which integrates various electric fault occurrence principles and comprises an electricity regulating cabinet 1, a control cabinet 2 and a combustion chamber 3;
1 voltage regulator 4 with the power of 80KW and the adjustable voltage range of 0 to 450V is arranged in the voltage regulating cabinet 1, the three-phase voltage regulating slide sheet 6 is driven to slide by a chain 8 rotated by a control motor 7, the stepless regulation of the voltage is realized, the voltage is output to the control cabinet 2 through a transformer 5, and instrument displays 9, 10 and 11 for displaying the input voltage state of the A, B, C phase voltage regulating cabinet are respectively arranged on a shell panel of the voltage regulating cabinet 1;
the control cabinet 2 is internally provided with a numerical controller, a built-in zeroing device, a general control protector 12, an alternating current control protector 13, two AC220V sockets 14, a direct current control air switch 15, a ballast controller 16, 17, a rectifier starting button 18, a rectifier stopping button 19, a rectifier power-on button 20, a 315 type direct current welding machine 21, a JL-500A type alternating current welding machine A22, a JL-500A type alternating current welding machine B23, an isolation transformer 24, a smoke discharging switch 25, an emergency stop button 26, a booster starting button 27, a booster stopping button 28, a boosting indicator 29, an N-phase booster output terminal 30, a C-phase booster output terminal 31, a B-phase booster output terminal 32, an A-phase booster output terminal 33, a three-phase external socket 34, a two-phase external socket 35, a regulator boosting starting button 36, a regulator boosting starting indicator 37, a regulator step-down starting button 38, a regulator step-down starting indicator 39, a booster starting button 40, a booster stopping button 41, a lamp power-on indicator 42, a mechanical lock 43, a regulator input voltage 44, a regulator input current 45, an A phase alternating current input indicator lamp 46, a B phase alternating current input indicator lamp 47, a C phase alternating current input indicator lamp 48, a regulator output voltage 49, a regulator output current 50, a boost button unset audible and visual indicator 51, a buck button unset audible and visual indicator 52, a booster output voltage 53, a booster input current 54, an A phase booster input indicator lamp 55, a B phase booster input indicator lamp 56, a C phase booster input indicator lamp 57 and a display 58 for displaying the working state of the booster are arranged above the control cabinet 2;
the combustion chamber is internally provided with:
the connecting column grooves A58 and 59 are used for connecting an overvoltage and undervoltage experiment;
the connecting column grooves B60 and 61 are used for direct current short circuit and overcurrent experiments and are connected with the output end of the 315 type direct current electric welder 21;
the connecting column grooves C62 and 63 are used for single-phase alternating current short circuit and overcurrent experiments and are connected with the JL-500A alternating current welder A22;
the connecting column grooves D64 and 65 are used for two-phase short circuit and overcurrent experiments, are connected with one end of each of the JL-500A type alternating current welder A22 and one end of each of the JL-500A type alternating current welder B23, and are connected through a load 70;
the power output terminal of the combustion chamber 3 is connected by a copper cone column clamping groove and is connected with 10mm 2 The external electrode holder of the multi-core copper wire is used for connecting various wires and electric appliances; the wall terminal panel 71 below the combustion chamber is connected by a common nut, can be directly connected with various electric equipment without a welding handle, is provided with three output modes of direct current, overvoltage and undervoltage, and alternating current, and is provided with 220V 5 hole sockets and 380V4 hole sockets for connecting the electric equipment through a plug; the detachable wall socket is arranged in the combustion chamber and is used for connecting the box 68 with poor contact fault, according to the overcurrent principle, the iron shell and the iron shell are internally welded according to the installation requirement of the wall socket, and the three-hole and five-hole wall sockets can be conveniently and quickly installed and are used for simulating the poor contact and the local overheating caused by overcurrent at the socket; the smoke exhaust system 66 is arranged above the room, is connected with the main smoke exhaust system, and is used for exhausting smoke generated by combustion, purifying and then exhausting; a plurality of groups of clamping grooves 69 are symmetrically arranged at intervals of 30cm on two sides of the inner wall of the combustion chamber 3 and are used for arranging bearing partition plates 67, and the bearing partition plates 67 are used for arranging electric appliances or circuits.
In the specific implementation, the voltage regulating cabinet 1 is input to the control cabinet 2 and has two paths of different types of voltages, one path is used for simulating a direct current electrical fault, and the other path is used for simulating an alternating current electrical fault;
when simulating a direct current electrical fault: the mains supply is controlled in parallel by a built-in numerical controller, a rectifier starting button 18, a rectifier stopping button 19 and a rectifier powering-on button 20 through a general control protector 12 and a direct current control air switch 15, numerical control and manual control can be simultaneously realized, 380V alternating current mains supply is input to a 315 type direct current electric welder 21, a phase A and a phase B of the ballast controller 16 and 17 are used as current output control buttons of the 315 type direct current electric welder 21 and are used for realizing direct current output from 40A to 240A, and the ballast controllers 16 and 17 are connected with connecting column grooves B60 and 61 in a combustion chamber 3 to realize direct current short circuit fault and direct current fault simulation;
when simulating an alternating current electrical fault: the mains supply is connected into the voltage regulator 4 through the main control protector 12, the voltages output by the A phase, the B phase and the C phase of the voltage regulator are input into the alternating current control protector 13 in the control cabinet 2, the voltage regulation cabinet boosting starting button 36 and the voltage regulation cabinet depressurization starting button 38 are manually controlled, the numerical controllers are arranged in parallel, the boosting starter and the depressurization starter are controlled, the working state of the voltage regulator is displayed through the voltage regulation cabinet boosting starting indicator lamp 37 and the voltage regulation cabinet depressurization starting indicator lamp 39, program control and manual control are simultaneously displayed, and the A phase, the B phase and the C phase are distributed and set according to the requirement of electric fault simulation according to the following modes:
the method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps that firstly, a single-phase short circuit is simulated, A phase and B phase are input to a JL-500A type alternating current welder A22, the motor 7 of a voltage regulator 4 is controlled to rotate through a numerical controller, the A phase and B phase voltages are regulated within a safe voltage range, the control end of a current booster of the JL-500A type alternating current welder A22 is connected with a current booster starting button 40 and a current booster stopping button 41 on a control panel and then connected with an internal numerical controller, so that the control of the JL-500A type alternating current welder A22 is realized through the current booster starting button 40, the current booster stopping button 41 and the internal numerical controller, the working state of the JL-500A type alternating current welder A22 is displayed through a set current booster power-on indicator lamp 42, the output of the alternating current welder A is controlled in the voltage and current ranges, the single-phase short circuit fault and the overcurrent fault of a single wire are simulated, a zero return device is built in, and the voltage regulator returns to zero after a single experiment, and accidents are prevented;
the system is characterized in that the system is used for an overvoltage and undervoltage experiment of electrical equipment, the phase A, the phase B and the phase C are subjected to an isolation transformer 24, the transformation ratio is 1:1.5, the voltage of an actual measurement value of a highest value 660A between phases can be output, a booster starting button 27 is arranged at the front section, a two-stage control protection program starting password and a switch starting key are arranged, a non-special person cannot start the system, meanwhile, an emergency stop button 26 is connected for emergency braking under special conditions, a booster stopping button 28 and a built-in zero-resetting device are also connected, a boosting indicator 29 is connected, boosting is prompted to be carried out, the phase A, the phase B and the phase C are respectively introduced into corresponding binding posts of a combustion chamber and are connected with electric equipment, an external binding post is arranged at a control panel, an output binding post 33 of a phase booster, an output binding post 32 of a phase booster of a phase B, an output binding post 31 of a phase booster of a phase C and an output binding post 30 of a phase booster are respectively arranged, and a three-phase external socket 34 and a two-phase external socket 35 of adjustable voltage are mainly used for various connection of large-volume equipment, and overvoltage and undervoltage fault simulation of various equipment is realized;
on the basis of inputting the phase A and the phase B into a JL-500A type alternating current welder A22, inputting the phase B and the phase C into a JL-500A type alternating current welder B23, connecting the output two ends of 2 JL-500A type alternating current welders with a load resistor 70, controlling the voltages of the phase A, the phase B and the phase C through a voltage regulator 4, replacing the interface of the load resistor 70, adjusting the size of the resistor, and realizing experimental simulation of the short-circuit fault induced by the two-phase cross-current flowing current fault;
the 220V voltage output is realized, in order to facilitate the external connection of subsequent data recording equipment and lighting equipment, two AC220V sockets 14 arranged on a control panel are directly connected with an A phase and an N phase, certain extreme conditions are considered, the AC220V is directly short-circuited, the A phase and the N phase are directly led into a combustion chamber, a mechanical lock opening 43 is arranged at the front end, a password is added in a program for protection, and a non-professional cannot start;
the fault simulation circuits can set occurrence conditions through programs, and voltage and current high-speed acquisition cards 1.5 multiplied by 10 are arranged at corresponding positions of the internal circuits 4 Hz, the collected voltage and current changes are displayed in real time, and an internal program records and generates an EXCEL document.
The implementation realizes that a single device can simulate various electric circuit and device faults such as short circuit, overcurrent, contact overheat, underovervoltage and the like, and can realize the mutual induction conversion between the electric faults; the simulation of undervoltage and overvoltage experiments of electrical equipment is realized, the highest voltage can be set to 0-660V, the maximum power can reach 80KW, and fault marks of the electrical equipment in undervoltage and overvoltage can be truly simulated. Realizes high-speed measurement, storage and real-time display of instantaneous voltage and current,the acquisition speed can reach 1.5 multiplied by 10 4 Hz, software control is realized inside, and modular digital control is realized for equipment operation; the device has the advantages that various connection modes are arranged, the space in the combustion chamber is large, the arrangement is flexible, the consumption of combustible materials can be reasonably set according to the needs of ignition conditions, and fault simulation of common household appliances such as televisions, air conditioners and refrigerators can be carried out.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a set of electric fire trouble simulation and trace preparation facilities which characterized in that: comprises a pressure regulating cabinet (1), a control cabinet (2) and a combustion chamber (3);
1 voltage regulator (4) with the power of 80KW and the adjustable voltage range of 0 to 450V is arranged in the voltage regulating cabinet (1), a three-phase voltage regulating slide sheet (6) is driven to slide by a rotating chain (8) of a control motor (7), the stepless regulation of the voltage is realized, the voltage is output to the control cabinet (2) through a transformer (5), and instrument displays (9, 10 and 11) for displaying the input voltage state of the A, B, C-phase voltage regulating cabinet are respectively arranged on a shell panel of the voltage regulating cabinet (1);
a numerical controller, a built-in zeroing device, a total control protector (12), an alternating current control protector (13), two AC220V sockets (14), a direct current control air switch (15), ballast controllers (16 and 17), a rectifier starting button (18), a rectifier stopping button (19), a rectifier power-up button (20), a 315 type direct current electric welder (21), a JL-500A type alternating current welder A (22), a JL-500A type alternating current welder B (23), an isolation transformer (24), a smoke discharging switch (25), a emergency stop button (26), a booster starting button (27), a booster stopping button (28), a boosting indicator lamp (29), an N-phase booster output terminal (30), a C-phase booster output terminal (31), a B-phase booster output terminal (32), an A-phase booster output terminal (33), a three-phase external socket (34), a two-phase external socket (35), a voltage regulating cabinet boosting starting button (36), a voltage regulating boosting and boosting starting indicator lamp (37), a voltage regulating cabinet voltage reducing starting button (38), a voltage regulating cabinet voltage reducing button (39), a booster starting button (40), a mechanical power-up switch (43, a mechanical power-off indicator (43), the control cabinet (2) is provided with a voltage regulating cabinet input voltage (44), a voltage regulating cabinet input current (45), an A phase alternating current input indicator lamp (46), a B phase alternating current input indicator lamp (47), a C phase alternating current input indicator lamp (48), a voltage regulating cabinet output voltage (49), a voltage regulating cabinet output current (50), a voltage boosting button non-resetting acousto-optic indicator (51), a voltage reducing button non-resetting acousto-optic indicator (52), a booster output voltage (53) for displaying the working state of a booster, a booster input current (54), an A phase booster input indicator lamp (55), a B phase booster input indicator lamp (56), a C phase booster input indicator lamp (57) and a display (58);
the combustion chamber is internally provided with:
the connecting column grooves A (58, 59) are used for connecting an overvoltage and undervoltage experiment;
the connecting column grooves B (60, 61) are used for direct current short circuit and overcurrent experiments and are connected with the output end of the 315 type direct current electric welder (21);
the connecting column grooves C (62, 63) are used for single-phase alternating current short circuit and overcurrent experiments and are connected with the JL-500A alternating current welder A (22);
the connecting column grooves D (64 and 65) are used for two-phase short circuit and overcurrent experiments, are connected with one end of each of a JL-500A type alternating current welder A (22) and a JL-500A type alternating current welder B (23) and are connected through a load (70);
the power output terminal of the combustion chamber (3) is connected by a copper cone column clamping groove and is connected with 10mm 2 The multi-core copper wire is externally connected with an electric welding handle and is used for connecting various wires and electric appliances; the wall terminal panel (71) below the combustion chamber is connected by a common nut and can be directly connected with various electricity without a welding handleThe device is provided with three output modes of direct current, overvoltage and undervoltage and alternating current, and meanwhile, a 220V 5 socket and a 380V4 socket are arranged at the panel and are used for connecting electric equipment through a plug; the detachable wall socket is arranged in the combustion chamber and is used for connecting the box (68) with poor contact faults, the iron shell is internally welded according to the installation requirement of the wall socket according to the overcurrent principle, and the three-hole and five-hole wall sockets can be conveniently and quickly installed and used for simulating the poor contact of the socket and local overheating caused by overcurrent; the smoke exhaust system (66) is arranged above the room and is connected with the main smoke exhaust system to exhaust the smoke generated by combustion, and the smoke is exhausted after purification treatment; a plurality of groups of clamping grooves (69) are symmetrically arranged at intervals of 30cm on two sides of the inner wall of the combustion chamber (3) and are used for arranging bearing partition boards (67), and the bearing partition boards (67) are used for arranging electric appliances or circuits;
the voltage regulating cabinet (1) is input to the control cabinet (2) and has two paths of different types of voltages, one path is used for simulating a direct current electrical fault, and the other path is used for simulating an alternating current electrical fault;
when simulating a direct current electrical fault: the mains supply is controlled in parallel by a built-in numerical controller, a rectifier starting button (18), a rectifier stopping button (19) and a rectifier powering button (20) through a total control protector (12), the mains supply can realize numerical control and manual control simultaneously, 380V alternating current mains supply, A phase and B phase are input to a 315 type direct current welder (21), the ballast controllers (16 and 17) are used as current output control buttons of the 315 type direct current welder (21) and are used for realizing direct current output from 40A to 240A, and the output of the direct current welder (21) is connected with a connecting column groove B in a combustion chamber (3) through the ballast controllers (16 and 17) to realize direct current short circuit fault and direct current fault simulation;
when simulating an alternating current electrical fault: the utility power is connected into a voltage regulator (4) through a general control protector (12), voltage output by A phase, B phase and C phase of the voltage regulator is input into an alternating current control protector (13) in a control cabinet (2), a voltage boosting starting button (36) of the voltage regulator cabinet and a voltage reducing starting button (38) of the voltage regulator cabinet are manually controlled, a numerical controller is arranged in parallel, the voltage boosting starter and the voltage reducing starter are controlled, the working state of the voltage regulator is displayed through a voltage boosting starting indicator lamp (37) of the voltage regulator cabinet and a voltage reducing starting indicator lamp (39) of the voltage regulator cabinet, program control and manual control are simultaneously displayed, and the A phase, the B phase and the C phase are distributed and set according to the requirement of electric fault simulation in the following mode:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, a phase A and a phase B are input to a JL-500A alternating current welder A (22) for simulating single-phase short circuit, the motor (7) of a voltage regulator (4) is controlled by a computer to rotate, the voltages of the phase A and the phase B are adjusted, the current booster of the JL-500A alternating current welder A (22) is externally connected to a control panel, a current booster starting button (40) and a current booster stopping button (41) are used for controlling the current booster, a built-in numerical controller is connected in parallel and used for controlling the JL-500A alternating current welder A (22) by a program, a current booster power-on indicator lamp (42) is arranged, the working state of the JL-500A alternating current welder A (22) is displayed, and therefore the output of the alternating current welder A is controlled from the aspects of voltage and current, the single-phase short circuit fault and the overcurrent fault of a single wire are simulated, a voltage regulator is built-in zero-down device, and the voltage is reset after a single experiment, and electric shock accidents are prevented;
the system is characterized in that the system is used for overvoltage and undervoltage experiments of electrical equipment, the voltage conversion ratio of A phase, B phase and C phase is 1:1.5 through an isolation transformer (24), the voltage of the highest value 660V between phases can be output, a booster starting button (27) is arranged at the front section, a program starting password and a switch starting key are arranged for two-stage control protection, a non-special person cannot start the system, meanwhile, an emergency stop button (26) is connected for emergency braking under special conditions, a booster stopping button (28) and a built-in zero-resetting device are connected, a boosting indicator lamp (29) is connected, boosting is prompted to be carried out, the A phase and the B phase are respectively led into corresponding binding posts of a combustion chamber, electric equipment is connected, external binding posts are arranged at a control panel, namely an A phase booster output binding post (33), a B phase booster output binding post (32), a C phase booster output binding post (31) and an N phase booster output binding post (30), and a three-phase external socket (34) with adjustable voltage are mainly used for various connections of large-volume equipment, and overvoltage and undervoltage fault simulation of various equipment is realized;
on the basis of inputting a phase A and a phase B into a JL-500A type alternating current welder A (22), inputting the phase B and the phase C into a L-500A type alternating current welder B (23), connecting the output two ends of 2 JL-500A type alternating current welders with a load resistor (70), controlling the voltages of the phase A, the phase B and the phase C through a voltage regulator (4), replacing the interface of the load resistor (70), and adjusting the size of the resistor to realize experimental simulation of short-circuit faults induced by two intersecting overcurrent faults;
the 220V voltage output is convenient for connecting data recording equipment and external lighting equipment, two AC220V sockets (14) are arranged on a control panel, A phase and N phase are directly connected, the AC220V direct short circuit is considered, the A phase and the N phase are directly led into a combustion chamber, a mechanical lock opening (43) is arranged at the front end, password protection is added in a program, and non-professional personnel cannot start;
the fault simulation circuit can set occurrence conditions through a program, a voltage and current high-speed acquisition card is arranged at the corresponding position of the internal circuit, the change of the acquired voltage and current is displayed in real time, and the internal program records and generates an EXCEL document.
2. A set of electrical fire fault simulation and trace preparation devices as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the size of the combustion chamber (3) is 1640mm multiplied by 1000mm multiplied by 2374mm, and the bearing partition plate (67) adopts insulating nonflammable bakelite with the thickness of 10mm to prevent electric leakage.
3. A set of electrical fire fault simulation and trace preparation devices as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the adjustment range of the ballast controller (16) is 40A to 240A, and the ballast controller (17) is used for superposing the current and amplifying the current by 40A to the maximum so as to realize the direct current output of 40A to 240A.
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| CN110208627B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2021-06-25 | 应急管理部四川消防研究所 | Method for testing fire prevention and control capability of over-current ignition source prevention and control device |
| CN113311267A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-27 | 西安科技大学 | Electrical fire fault simulation method |
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