CN109435277B - Heating and curing device for resin matrix composite - Google Patents
Heating and curing device for resin matrix composite Download PDFInfo
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- CN109435277B CN109435277B CN201811497446.4A CN201811497446A CN109435277B CN 109435277 B CN109435277 B CN 109435277B CN 201811497446 A CN201811497446 A CN 201811497446A CN 109435277 B CN109435277 B CN 109435277B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 62
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012945 sealing adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0855—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using microwave
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a heating and curing device for a resin matrix composite material, which comprises an electric heating element, a vibrating table, a microwave generator, a microwave cavity and a vacuumizing component, wherein the vibrating table is arranged in the microwave cavity; the vibration table is used for placing composite materials, the microwave generator transmits microwaves into the microwave cavity for supplying heat to the composite materials, and the electric heating element is also used for supplying heat to the composite materials; the vibration table is capable of providing vibration with a vibration frequency below 5000Hz to the composite material and capable of providing vibration with a vibration acceleration above 2 g; the microwave generator enables the device to integrally heat the composite material or to heat the composite material at fixed points or in a directional manner, the electric heating element enables the device to integrally heat the composite material, and the vibration table provides vibration acceleration in the vertical direction of more than 2g for curing the composite material. The device can enable the composite material to be solidified under the atmospheric pressure to obtain the finished product with qualified performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of composite material curing and forming, and particularly relates to a heating and curing device for a resin matrix composite material.
Background
At present, an autoclave process is mainly used for molding the high-performance resin matrix composite material for aerospace, and because the high temperature and the high curing pressure are generally needed for eliminating bubbles generated by a resin matrix in the curing process, for example, the T800 carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin prepreg is cured under the conditions of 180 ℃ and 0.6MPa, so that loose and porous inside a cured part and poor mechanical properties are avoided.
In the traditional autoclave curing process, the difference of the geometric dimension, the material system and the curing process parameters of the composite material part can cause uneven distribution of the internal temperature and the curing degree of the part to different degrees, so that the part generates complex internal stress, the shape cooperative manufacturing of the composite material part is seriously influenced, and particularly for the cured thick-section part, a large temperature gradient exists in the part, so that the generated complex internal stress can cause the part to generate defects of layering, matrix cracking and the like, and even the part is damaged during the forming process.
The microwave technology is applied to the field of composite material curing, so that the curing time can be obviously reduced, the production cost is reduced, and excellent product performance is obtained, thereby having great development potential. The prior patent rights CN201610025303, CN201610027791, CN201610027866, CN201610030557, CN201710214268, etc. by the inventor of the present application are all hot press curing of the composite material using a process of combining microwaves with autoclave. So that the hot-pressed cured composite material part can obtain a precisely required temperature field in the curing process.
However, the composite material is not separated from an autoclave in the curing process. The autoclave molding process has the defects of high price of autoclave equipment, low production efficiency, high energy consumption, high equipment manufacturing and running cost, high requirement on molding dies and the like. In addition, when the high-pressure operation in the autoclave is used in combination with microwaves, certain potential safety hazards exist. This has become a bottleneck limiting the wide application of composite materials, and low cost non-autoclave molding techniques are emerging in this context.
The non-autoclave molding technology is a low-cost composite material manufacturing technology, and the main difference between the non-autoclave molding technology and the autoclave molding technology is that external pressure is not required to be applied during molding, the autoclave with high manufacturing cost is abandoned, and only an oven and a vacuumizing system are adopted, so that the production cost of curing the composite material is low. This is superior to autoclave molding processes in terms of both equipment molding and mold costs. However, obtaining a composite cured part of the same quality as the autoclave molding process is a major goal of non-autoclave molding technology.
However, non-autoclave molded composite parts have higher porosity due to low molding pressure. In general, the porosity of the main load-bearing structural member of the autoclave molding aerospace is lower than 1%, the porosity of the secondary load-bearing structural member is lower than 2%, and if the traditional composite material prepreg is cured by adopting a non-autoclave molding technology, the porosity of the finished product can be as high as 5% -10%. Porosity is an important factor affecting the performance of the composite material, and thus reducing the porosity of the cured composite article and allowing it to reach the level of the porosity of the autoclave cured composite article has become a prime task for non-autoclave molding technology research.
That is, with the development of the curing process of the resin material, some non-load bearing members with little force are already manufactured by the autoclave external curing process. However, for composite materials such as T800 carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin prepreg for aerospace, the curing pressure is far from sufficient only by vacuumizing, and the defects such as gaps and the like are generated in the cured product due to the insufficient curing pressure, so that the mechanical property of the product is greatly reduced. Therefore, for advanced resin-based carbon fiber reinforced composite materials for aerospace, the existing autoclave external curing technology cannot meet the requirements.
Therefore, in order to save cost and improve safety factor, if the high-performance composite material for aerospace can be made to have a porosity similar to that of the thermal press curing in the autoclave when the autoclave is not used for high-pressure curing of the composite material, it is a problem that the person skilled in the art needs to solve. Accordingly, there is a need in the art to develop corresponding apparatus and methods for curing high performance resin-based carbon fiber reinforced composite articles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a heating and curing device for a resin matrix composite material, which comprises an electric heating element, a vibrating table, a microwave generator, a microwave cavity and a vacuumizing component, wherein the vibrating table is arranged in the microwave cavity; the vibration table is used for placing composite materials, the microwave generator transmits microwaves into the microwave cavity for supplying heat to the composite materials, and the electric heating element is also used for supplying heat to the composite materials; the vacuumizing component comprises a vacuum bag and a vacuum tube and is used for timely vacuumizing gas generated in the curing process of the composite material; the vibration table is capable of providing vibration with a vibration frequency below 5000Hz to the composite material and capable of providing vibration with a vibration acceleration above 2 g; the microwave generator enables the device to integrally heat the composite material or to heat the composite material at fixed points or in a directional manner, the electric heating element enables the device to integrally heat the composite material, and the vibration table provides vibration acceleration in the vertical direction of more than 2g for curing the composite material.
In a specific embodiment, the electric heating element is disposed within the microwave cavity.
In a specific embodiment, the device further comprises an insulation box, the microwave cavity (2) is arranged in the insulation box, the electric heating element (222) is arranged outside the microwave cavity (2) and inside the insulation box, and one or more ventilation windows or ventilation walls formed by metal honeycomb plates are arranged on the microwave cavity and used for shielding microwaves and enabling air flow on the inner side and the outer side of the microwave cavity to be smooth.
In a specific embodiment, the device further comprises a microwave power control module and a control system, wherein the control system arranged outside the microwave cavity automatically adjusts the on-off and/or power of the microwave generator by automatically controlling the microwave power control module; preferably, the control system is also electrically connected with the electric heating element to control the on-off and/or temperature rising rate of the electric heating element.
In a specific embodiment, the power of the microwave generator is adjustable, preferably the power of the microwave generator is linearly adjustable, the microwave generator is positioned at the top of the microwave cavity, and the microwave generator comprises a wave-transparent temperature-resistant plate and a crack antenna.
In a specific embodiment, the vibration table is a vibration table capable of providing vibration at a vibration frequency of 2000Hz or less and capable of providing vibration acceleration of 3g or more to the composite material.
In a specific embodiment, the vibration table is a vibration table capable of providing vibration with a vibration frequency of 10Hz or more and vibration with a vibration acceleration of 50g or less to the composite material, and preferably the vibration table is a vibration table capable of providing vibration with a vibration frequency of 20Hz or more and vibration with a vibration acceleration of 30g or less to the composite material.
In a specific embodiment, the vibration table is a vibration table capable of providing vibrations of at least part of the vibration frequencies in the range of 30 to 1000Hz and capable of providing vibrations of at least part of the vibration accelerations in the range of 5 to 20g to the composite material.
In a specific embodiment, a plurality of vibrating hammers are connected below the vibrating table (7), and each vibrating hammer is connected with a hydraulic oil pipe or an air pipe (71) for vibration so as to be used together for providing random uninterrupted vibration in the vertical direction of acceleration for the vibrating table and the composite material arranged on the vibrating table, and the vibrating hammers are preferably uniformly distributed below the vibrating table.
In a specific implementation mode, the device further comprises a temperature measuring component, the temperature measuring component comprises a temperature measuring head, a data acquisition instrument and a temperature measuring transmission line, the temperature measuring head is arranged in a composite material, one end of the temperature measuring transmission line is connected with the temperature measuring head, the other end of the temperature measuring transmission line is led out to the outside of the microwave cavity and is connected with the data acquisition instrument, the data acquisition instrument is used for timely displaying the temperature measured by the temperature measuring head, the data acquisition instrument transmits acquired data to a control system (11), and the control system automatically adjusts the opening and closing and/or the power of the microwave generator through an automatic control microwave power control module.
Preferably, a airfelt is also arranged between the vacuum bag and the composite material for guiding gas during vacuumizing, and the vacuumizing component further comprises a quick-connection joint and a sealing adhesive tape.
The device and the method provided by the invention have at least the following beneficial effects:
1) The invention provides a multi-field coupled composite energy field such as an electric heating energy field, a microwave energy field, a vibration acceleration field in the vertical direction and the like, so that the temperature field and the solidification degree in the composite material are uniform when the composite material is heated and solidified.
2) The device provided by the invention adopts the electric heating element as a main heating source to integrally heat the composite material, and adopts microwave fixed-point or directional heating to assist in providing energy, so that the heating and curing of the composite material can be truly uniform and consistent everywhere. The invention can realize the uniform distribution of the internal temperature of the composite material workpiece and the synchronous internal and external curing of the workpiece, thereby greatly reducing the probability of various defects such as layering, deformation, cracking, residual stress and the like of the cured workpiece, greatly reducing the rejection rate of the workpiece caused by nonuniform internal temperature and improving the production quality and the production benefit of the product.
3) The invention truly realizes uniform temperature field of the thick composite material and the thick large composite material, and synchronously cures the inside and outside, thereby being beneficial to solving the problem of cooperative manufacturing of the main bearing part of the large composite material. The method can be used for producing aerospace workpieces with strict quality requirements, and has important practical significance for improving the production quality of the aerospace workpieces.
4) In a specific embodiment, the device provided by the invention can be used for automatically controlling the composite energy field curing of the composite material by combining with a computer automatic control technology.
In general, the curing apparatus and method of the present invention allow the curing of composite prepregs at atmospheric pressure to yield articles of good performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the device according to the present invention.
The microwave oven comprises a microwave generator 1, a microwave cavity 2, a vacuum bag 5, a ventilated felt 6, a vibrating table 7, a vibrating table 71, a hydraulic oil pipe or a vibrating air pipe 8, a vacuum pipe 222, an electric heating element 01 and a composite material.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided, but the invention may be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the claims.
Those skilled in the art know: the vibrating table is also called a vibration exciter or a vibration generator. It is a device that uses electric, electro-hydraulic, piezoelectric or other principles to obtain mechanical vibrations. Higher accelerations and higher operating frequencies are achieved with smaller mesas. Vibration tests are largely classified into sinusoidal vibration and random vibration. The vibration table is suitable for carrying out relevant vibration tests on samples in laboratories and production lines of industries such as automobile parts, electronic components, assemblies, medicines, foods, furniture, gifts, ceramics, packaging and the like. Such as environmental reception tests, quality test, reliability test, endurance test, vibration simulation analysis, material property test, fatigue test, vibration prevention improvement, etc. The vibration environment suffered by the product during manufacture, assembly, transportation and use is simulated to assess the vibration resistance, reliability and integrity of the structure.
That is, the use of vibration tables is currently limited to testing the life of products with human acceleration.
The invention uses the random vibration in the vertical direction generated by the vibration table to cure the composite prepreg into a qualified composite product in the curing process of the resin-based carbon fiber composite material. The curing principle in the invention refers to the concrete vibrating principle. Specifically, when the concrete is used for pouring the well mixed concrete member, air bubbles in the concrete member are removed, and tamping is carried out, so that the concrete is compactly combined, the phenomena of honeycomb pitting surface and the like of the concrete are eliminated, the strength of the concrete member is improved, and the quality of the concrete member is ensured. The process of eliminating bubbles and tamping the concrete is concrete vibrating. The vibration frequency of the low frequency type is 25-50 HZ; the intermediate frequency is 83-133 HZ; the high frequency formula is 167HZ or more.
The invention is different from concrete vibration in that firstly, the vibration frequency of the invention is not limited to the frequency of concrete vibration, and secondly, the concrete vibration belongs to cold curing, and the invention belongs to a heat curing process; in addition, in the present invention, the vibration of vertical downward with vibration acceleration of 2g or more is utilized, and the direction of vibration acceleration in concrete vibration is generally disordered.
The invention can correspondingly test the heat curing effect of the secondary vibration on the composite material after the invention by referring to the secondary vibration of the concrete about 1-4 hours before the initial setting.
The vibration table in the invention can use the technology which is mature at present, such as the commercially available accelerated life tester, is specially used for the accelerated damage test of the service life of the product, and the vibration table is used for replacing high pressure in an autoclave so as to ensure that the curing effect of the carbon fiber resin composite material is better.
In addition, the direction of the gravity acceleration g is always vertical downwards, and the vibrating table can provide more than 2g of vibrating acceleration, namely the vibrating acceleration provided by the vibrating table in the curing process is more than 2g, and g=9.8 m/s 2 The vibration acceleration during curing is preferably 2 to 50g, more preferably 5 to 30g. That is, the direction of the vibration acceleration provided by the vibrating table in the invention is also the vertical direction.
Example 1
The T800 composite material was cured using the apparatus of the present invention,
firstly, the electric heating and vibrating table is used for vibrating the composite material, the temperature is raised to 80 ℃ from room temperature at 1.5 ℃/minPreserving heat for 30min, randomly vibrating with vibration frequency of 10-2000Hz and vibration acceleration of 10g, g=9.8 m/s 2 And (3) vacuumizing the composite material in the vibration treatment process, wherein the environment pressure of the composite material is atmospheric pressure.
After the vibration treatment of the composite material with the temperature of 80 ℃ being kept for 30min, stopping vibrating, directly heating to 180 ℃ from 80 ℃ to carry out heat curing, and carrying out heating curing treatment on the composite material by an electric heating and microwave heating composite thermal field, wherein the heating rate of the composite thermal field of the composite material is 3-5 ℃/min, and the composite material is continuously vacuumized at the stage, and the environmental pressure of the composite material is still atmospheric pressure. And (5) heating to 180 ℃, preserving heat for 150min, and cooling with a furnace to obtain the composite material workpiece. Thus, the composite is subjected to a pressure of 0.1-0.2Mpa under vacuum conditions, and at ambient atmospheric pressure.
The porosity of the obtained composite material part is 0.32-0.43%, and the interlaminar shear strength of the obtained composite material part is 94.65-98.96 Mpa.
In the device of the present invention, for example, the vibration environment of the vibration table is: the three-axis six-degree-of-freedom ultra-high random vibration has the maximum acceleration of 75g, the vibration frequency of 10-5000 Hz and the working temperature range of minus 100 ℃ to plus 200 ℃. The vibration platform uses an external air compressor as a power source, continuously uses an air hammer to provide a stable vibration source for the vibration platform, and transmits vibration to the composite material in the vertical direction from the vibration platform in the vibration process.
Example 2
The T800 composite material was cured using the apparatus of the present invention,
firstly, carrying out vibration treatment on the composite material by an electric heating and vibration table, heating the temperature from room temperature to 135 ℃ at a speed of 1.5 ℃/min, then preserving the heat for 30min, randomly vibrating the composite material with a vibration frequency of 10-2000Hz, wherein the vibration acceleration is 15g, and vacuumizing the composite material in the vibration treatment process, wherein the environmental pressure of the composite material is atmospheric pressure.
After the vibration treatment of the composite material for 20min at 135 ℃, stopping vibrating, directly heating to 180 ℃ from 135 ℃ to heat-cure, heating and curing the composite material by using an electric heating and microwave heating composite thermal field, wherein the heating rate of the composite thermal field of the composite material is 3-5 ℃/min, and the composite material is continuously vacuumized at the stage, and the environmental pressure of the composite material is still atmospheric pressure. And (5) heating to 180 ℃, preserving heat for 150min, and cooling with a furnace to obtain the composite material workpiece.
The porosity of the obtained composite material part is 0.23-0.28%, and the interlaminar shear strength of the obtained composite material part is 105.32-107.95 Mpa.
Example 3
The T800 composite material was cured using the apparatus of the present invention,
the composite material is subjected to heating curing treatment by an electric heating and microwave heating composite thermal field, the composite material is subjected to vibration treatment by a vibration table at the same time, the temperature is raised to 180 ℃ from room temperature at 3-5 ℃/min, then the temperature is kept for 10min, the vibration is carried out at random vibration with the vibration frequency of 10-2000Hz, the vibration acceleration is 10g, the composite material is vacuumized in the vibration treatment process, and the environmental pressure of the composite material is atmospheric pressure.
After the vibration treatment of the composite material for 10min at 180 ℃, stopping vibrating, continuing to keep the temperature at 180 ℃ for 150min, and keeping the composite material warm and solidifying by using an electric heating and microwave heating composite thermal field, wherein the composite material is continuously vacuumized at the stage, and the environmental pressure of the composite material is still atmospheric pressure. And after the heat preservation is finished, cooling along with a furnace to obtain a composite material workpiece.
The porosity of the obtained composite material part is 0.16-0.22%, and the interlaminar shear strength of the obtained composite material part is 109.74-116.33 Mpa.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is that an autoclave is used alone to carry out high-temperature high-pressure integral curing on the T800 composite material, the curing pressure is 0.6MPa, the electric heating in the autoclave ensures that the temperature of the composite material is increased to 180 ℃ from room temperature at 1.5 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 150min after the temperature is increased to 180 ℃, a composite material part is obtained after the composite material part is cooled along with a furnace, and the composite material is vacuumized in the whole curing process.
The porosity of the obtained composite material part is 0.36%, and the interlaminar shear strength of the obtained composite material part is 98.15Mpa.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is to use microwaves alone to carry out high-temperature integral curing on the T800 composite material, the curing pressure is ambient pressure, namely atmospheric pressure, the temperature of the composite material is increased to 180 ℃ from room temperature at 3-5 ℃/min by microwave heating, the temperature is kept for 150min after the temperature is increased to 180 ℃, a composite material part is obtained after cooling along with a furnace, and the composite material is vacuumized in the whole curing process.
The porosity of the obtained composite material part is 1.45-1.56%, and the interlaminar shear strength of the obtained composite material part is 74.63-76.97 Mpa.
As can be seen from the comparison of the results of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1 and 2 according to the present invention, the properties of the composite material articles obtained after curing by the apparatus according to the present invention are completely comparable to those of the autoclave curing, which is a standard curing procedure. Even after the device and the method optimize the vibration duration, the vibration end point temperature, the vibration frequency and the vibration acceleration, the curing effect of the composite material in the device and the method provided by the invention can be obviously better than that of autoclave curing. This allows the invention to achieve unexpected composite curing while solving the problem of "hope to do composite curing without expensive and insufficiently safe autoclave equipment", and the cured part product performance is even better than autoclave curing, which is a standard procedure.
In summary, the present invention has at least the following features:
1. according to the invention, the composite material part with excellent performance is prepared under the conditions of vacuumizing and no external pressure, the curing forming pressure of the composite material is reduced, the curing speed is accelerated to a certain extent, the equipment cost and the curing cost are saved, and the safe, uniform, efficient and energy-saving forming and curing of the composite material part are realized.
2. The invention can also lead the performance of the composite material part to be better than that of the composite material part prepared by the standard procedure of autoclave curing by optimizing the vibration duration, the vibration end point temperature, the vibration frequency and the vibration acceleration. The reason for this analysis may be that when the composite material is cured, for example under high pressure conditions of 0.6MPa, although the pressure is effective to compact the prepreg layup of the composite material and thereby improve the quality of the article, the pressure is transmitted progressively inwardly from the surface of the composite material and is not the same from the surface to the inside, and the porosity of the cured article is relatively high and the pore distribution is uneven. Under the downward vibration acceleration, the composite material is subjected to uniform vibration acceleration everywhere, and the composite material can be effectively compacted to form a prepreg layer of the composite material, so that the quality of a finished piece is improved, and the porosity of the cured finished piece can be lower and the pore distribution is more uniform.
3. According to the invention, the composite heating device and the vibration device are integrally arranged, so that the composite material part can be continuously heated or kept warm for heat curing without cooling after vibration and heating treatment, and the product performance of the cured composite material part is better.
4. In a specific embodiment, the area of the composite material part which does not need to be particularly heated or cured is covered by the microwave shielding material, and the area which does not need to be particularly heated or cured is not covered by the microwave shielding material, and one or more gaps are reserved, so that the microwave local shielding piece consists of a microwave shielding area and a microwave transmitting area. The microwave generator generates microwaves which enter and are uniformly dispersed in the microwave cavity, and the interior of the area (the microwave transmission area) of the composite material part, which is not pasted with the microwave shielding material, is heated or solidified. The areas of the composite article to which the microwave shielding material is applied (microwave shielding areas) are not able to absorb microwave energy because microwaves cannot enter, and only receive the overall heating from the heater 222. Therefore, the temperature of the composite material part can be uniform in all places in the curing process by means of microwave fixed-point heating and integral heating of the electric heating part. Therefore, the composite energy field heating provided by the invention enables microwaves to perform special heating and curing on the part of the composite material workpiece, and after the heating parameters of the composite material workpiece with a certain specific shape, material and size are clearly researched, the workpiece is integrally heated by combining the electric heating element, so that the whole heating and curing process is uniform and controllable, and a high-performance workpiece product is obtained. Or a layer of strong wave-absorbing material is arranged at a part of the area of the outer surface of the composite material before the composite material is heated and solidified, so that the microwave energy absorption of the upper part of the composite material is enhanced. The microwave fixed-point heating and the integral heating of the electric heating element can be achieved.
Further, the present invention is an improvement and innovation based on the series of patents or patent applications CN201610025303, CN201610027791, CN201610027866, CN201610030557 and CN201710214268, and if there is insufficient description in the present invention, the present invention can be implemented by referring to these patents or patent applications. That is, the present invention also incorporates the content of these patents or patent applications.
The shape of the incubator can be any shape such as a cube, a cylinder and the like. The autoclave used for curing the T800 prepreg in the prior art needs to withstand pressure, and the tank wall is thick. The incubator of the present invention is much lower in cost because it only needs to provide one atmosphere or a pressure slightly higher than the atmosphere. In the present invention, a fan for convection of hot air is preferably provided in the incubator outside the microwave cavity. The vibration table is connected to the bottom plate of the microwave cavity by using more than three spiral springs, and preferably, at least one spring is respectively arranged at four corners below the table top of the vibration table for supporting the vibration table.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments, and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to such description. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The heating and curing device for the resin matrix composite comprises an electric heating element (222), a vibrating table (7), a microwave generator (1), a microwave cavity (2) and a vacuumizing component, wherein the vibrating table (7) is arranged in the microwave cavity (2); the vibration table is used for placing a composite material (01), the microwave generator transmits microwaves into the microwave cavity for supplying heat to the composite material, and the electric heating element (222) is also used for supplying heat to the composite material; the vacuumizing component comprises a vacuum bag (5) and a vacuum tube (8) and is used for timely pumping out gas generated in the curing process of the composite material; the vibration table is capable of providing vibration with a vibration frequency below 5000Hz to the composite material and capable of providing vibration with a vibration acceleration above 2 g; the microwave generator enables the device to integrally heat the composite material or to heat the composite material at fixed points or in a directional manner, the electric heating element enables the device to integrally heat the composite material, and the vibration table provides vibration acceleration in the vertical direction of more than 2g for curing the composite material.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric heating element (222) is arranged in the microwave cavity (2).
3. The device according to claim 1, further comprising an incubator, wherein the microwave cavity (2) is arranged in the incubator, the electric heating element (222) is arranged outside the microwave cavity (2) and inside the incubator, and one or more ventilation windows or ventilation walls formed by metal honeycomb plates are arranged on the microwave cavity, so that the air flow on the inner side and the outer side of the microwave cavity can be smooth while the microwave cavity is shielded.
4. A device according to any one of claims 1-3, further comprising a microwave power control module and a control system, wherein the control system arranged outside the microwave cavity automatically adjusts the on-off and/or power level of the microwave generator by automatically controlling the microwave power control module; and the control system is also electrically connected with the electric heating element to control the on-off and/or temperature rising rate of the electric heating element.
5. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the microwave generator is power-adjustable and power-linearly-adjustable, the microwave generator being located at the top of the microwave cavity, the microwave generator comprising a wave-transparent temperature-resistant plate and a slit antenna.
6. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composite material is a T800 carbon fibre reinforced epoxy resin prepreg and the vibration table is a vibration table capable of providing vibration at a vibration frequency of 2000Hz or less and capable of providing vibration acceleration of 3g or more to the composite material.
7. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the vibration table is a vibration table capable of providing vibration of a vibration frequency of 10Hz or more and capable of providing vibration acceleration of 50g or less to the composite material.
8. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the vibrating table is a vibrating table capable of providing vibrations of at least part of the vibration frequencies in the range 30 to 1000Hz and of providing vibrations of at least part of the vibration accelerations in the range 5 to 20g to the composite material.
9. A device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that a number of vibrating hammers are connected below the vibrating table (7) and each is connected with a hydraulic oil or gas pipe (71) for vibration for use together to provide random uninterrupted vibration of the vibrating table and the composite material arranged on the vibrating table in the vertical direction of acceleration, and that the vibrating hammers are evenly distributed below the vibrating table.
10. A device according to any one of claims 1-3, further comprising a temperature measuring part, wherein the temperature measuring part comprises a temperature measuring head, a data acquisition instrument and a temperature measuring transmission line, the temperature measuring head is arranged in a composite material, one end of the temperature measuring transmission line is connected with the temperature measuring head, the other end of the temperature measuring transmission line is led out to the outside of the microwave cavity and is connected with the data acquisition instrument, the data acquisition instrument is used for timely displaying the temperature measured by the temperature measuring head, the data acquisition instrument transmits acquired data to a control system (11), and the control system automatically adjusts the opening and closing and/or the power of the microwave generator through automatically controlling a microwave power control module.
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