CN1094326C - 含有β－胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素的混合物的类胡萝卜素制剂 - Google Patents

含有β－胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素的混合物的类胡萝卜素制剂 Download PDF

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CN1094326C
CN1094326C CN99121753A CN99121753A CN1094326C CN 1094326 C CN1094326 C CN 1094326C CN 99121753 A CN99121753 A CN 99121753A CN 99121753 A CN99121753 A CN 99121753A CN 1094326 C CN1094326 C CN 1094326C
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F·龙格
J·霍尔姆汉森
B·米克尔森
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Abstract

本发明涉及含有β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素的类胡萝卜素制剂，和它们在人和动物食物、化妆品和药学中的应用。

Description

含有β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶 黄素的混合物的类胡萝卜素制剂
本发明涉及含有β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素混合物的类胡萝卜素制剂。
类胡萝卜素构成具有黄或红色的一组色素，广泛分布于自然界并且赋予许多食品特征性的色彩。
此外流行病学研究证实，经常和有规律地消费含类胡萝卜素的水果和蔬菜可减少患慢性疾病，包括心血管病的危险，同时具有预防癌症的有益效果。
类胡萝卜素的这种保护功能既见于它们作为抗氧剂的作用，也见于使用β-胡萝卜素时，它们的维生素A原活性。
三种类胡萝卜素β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素之间有着特别有趣的联系，它们广泛存在于食品诸如，例如，番茄、胡萝卜、菠菜、辣椒和花椰菜[见美国饮食协会杂志，97(9)，991-996(1997)(Journal of American DieteticAssociation，97(9)，991-996(1997)]中。尤其是，此三种类胡萝卜素的混合物代表着具有特定抗氧剂特性的***。
这就是为什么营养学家推荐加添、预防性地摄取抗氧剂维生素类和类胡萝卜素。食物和药物市场因而为消费者提供大量此类“细胞保护产品”。
然而，迄今为止，尚未披露特别包含高浓度和高纯度β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素的混合物的食物产品或食品添加剂的制剂。
因此，番茄红素可得自，例如，商品名称为Lyc-O-Mato(自LycoRed，以色列)的浓度为6％的油性分散体。根据WO/9748287，它是从番茄中提取的天然类胡萝卜素。由于Lyc-O-Mato磷脂含量高，以及油性分散体具有高粘性，使得该制剂的使用特性并不总能令人满意。尤其是，Lyc-O-Mato的使用不能满足制备含高浓度类胡萝卜素胶囊的需要。
美国专利5,382,714和5,648,564描述了从金盏花的油性提取物中分离叶黄素的过程，和以此种方式获得的叶黄素作为食物颜料和在肿瘤预防中作为抗氧剂的应用。这些专利没有提供β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素组合的启示。
本发明的一个目的是提供由β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素组成的没有前述现有技术缺点的稳定的类胡萝卜素三元复合制剂。
我们已经发现，含有β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素混合物的类胡萝卜素制剂可以达到该目的。
术语“类胡萝卜素制剂”指为本发明目的既可是溶液、增溶物和分散体，如乳液和悬浮液，也可是由它们制得的类胡萝卜素干粉。优选的制剂是分散剂，如乳剂和悬浮液，特别是含油的悬浮液。
混合物中类胡萝卜素含量的比值为1份β-胡萝卜素、0.05～20份番茄红素和0.05～20份叶黄素，优选1份β-胡萝卜素、0.1～5份番茄红素和0.1～5份叶黄素，特别优选1份β-胡萝卜素、0.2～2份番茄红素和0.1～2份叶黄素，更特别优选1份β-胡萝卜素、0.3～1.2份番茄红素和0.1～0.5份叶黄素。
本发明制剂中呈复合形式的β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素的含量一般是基于制剂总重量的0.1～40重量％，优选5～35重量％，特别优选10～33重量％，更特别优选15～32重量％。
该类胡萝卜素制剂的其他区别特征是基于β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素混合物的总重量，磷含量小于2.0重量％，适宜地小于1.0重量％，优选小于0.5重量％，特别优选小于0.1重量％，更特别优选小于0.02重量％。
低磷含量同时与低磷脂含量有关，由此改善了制剂的使用特性，诸如，含油分散体的流动性，特别是低温时。本发明的分散剂甚至在5℃～40℃的温度下具有如此低的粘性，以致于在进一步加工过程中可以省去加热类胡萝卜素分散体(为降低粘性)，所述进一步加工过程例如填充进胶囊中。这意味着可以避免类胡萝卜素化学或热降解，造成不希望的活性损失。
用于生产制剂的类胡萝卜素优选使用它们纯度超过75％的结晶形式，更优选纯度超过90％，特别优选超过95％，极其优选超过98％。而且也可以使用天然来源的β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素，优选地，合成制备类胡萝卜素，特别优选合成制备β-胡萝卜素和番茄红素。因此，例如，可按照EP-A-382067或EP-A-000140公开的方法之一制得β-胡萝卜素或番茄红素。
除了前述的β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素混合物之外，本发明类胡萝卜素制剂可含有至少一种浓度为0.01～40重量％的其它活性物质，优选0.1～30重量％，特别优选浓度为0.5～20重量％。
这些活性物质的例子可以如下：
其它类胡萝卜素，诸如单一的红木素、玉米黄质、隐黄素、桔黄质(citranaxanthin)、鸡油菌黄质、β-阿朴-4-胡萝卜素醛、β-阿朴-8-胡萝卜素醛、β-阿朴-8-胡萝卜素酯、虾青素或其混合物形式。
维生素类，如维生素A、醋酸维生素A、维生素A棕榈酸盐、核黄素、维生素B12、抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、烟酸、烟酰胺、盐酸吡哆醇、维生素D3、生育酚、醋酸生育酚、棕榈酸生育酚、生育三烯酚(tocotrienol)、维生素K、硫胺素、泛酸钙、生物素、硫辛酸、叶酸、叶酸衍生物(如四氢叶酸、5-甲基四氢叶酸、10-甲酰基四氢叶酸或5-甲酰基四氢叶酸)。
具有维生素或辅酶特性的化合物，如氯化胆碱、肉毒硷、牛磺酸、肌酸、泛醌、S-甲基蛋氨酸、S-腺苷蛋氨酸。
多元不饱和脂肪酸类，如亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、廿二碳六烯酸。
大蒜组分类，如硫代亚磺酸二丙烯基酯、S-丙烯基半胱氨酸亚砜、vinyldithiines、ajoene。
蒜硫胺素类如苯磷硫胺、呋喃硫胺、奥托硫胺或长效维生素B1。
谷胱甘肽和它的酯类诸如，如GSH一甲酯、GSH二甲酯、GSH一乙酯、GSH二乙酯。
根据制剂的性质，除类胡萝卜素之外，它适宜含有至少一种其它辅助物质或添加剂如，油类、保护胶体类、增塑剂、抗氧剂和/或乳化剂。
在分散体的情况，特别是在悬浮液或乳剂时，此外适合使用生理可接受油类诸如，例如，芝麻油、玉蜀黍油、棉子油、大豆油或花生油、中链植物脂肪酸酯类和，其他鱼油类，例如，鲭鱼油、西鲱油或鲑鱼油。
适用的保护性胶体的例子有明胶、鱼胶、淀粉、糊精、植物蛋白、果胶、***胶、酪蛋白、酪蛋白酸盐或它们的混合物。然而，使用聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素和藻酸盐也是可能的。具体可参照R.A.Morton，脂溶性维生素，食品和营养的国内百科全书(FatSoluble Vitamins，Intern.Encyclopedia of Food and Nutrition)，第9卷，Pergamon 1970年出版，128-131页。为增加例如干粉的机械稳定性，适合在胶体中加入一种增塑剂，诸如糖类或糖醇类，如蔗糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、转化糖、山梨糖醇、甘露醇或甘油。
通常，对加入到类胡萝卜素中的保护性胶体和增塑剂的比值进行选择，以使终产品是这样的制剂，制剂除了前述胡萝卜素外，含有10～50重量％保护性胶体、20～70重量％增塑剂，和，适宜的话，小量稳定剂，所有百分比是以基于制剂干重计。
为增加活性物质抗氧化分解稳定性，加入诸如α-生育酚、丁基化的羟基甲苯、丁基化的羟基茴香醚、抗坏血酸或乙氧喹类是有益的。
适用于乳液和由乳液制备的粉剂的及用于增溶物的乳化剂或增溶剂是，例如基于类胡萝卜素重量计的浓度为0～200重量％的抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯、脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯、聚丙二醇脂肪酸酯或卵磷脂，优选10～150重量％，特别优选20～80重量％。
可以按照已知方法制备类胡萝卜素制剂。因此，例如，可按照EP-0 055 817或EP-0 479 066和EP-A-0 551 638公开的方法制备增溶物或乳液。特别地，按照EP-A-0 498 824和EP-A-0 410 236描述的方法制备类胡萝卜素分散体和由其转化的干粉。
优选的含油类胡萝卜素分散体可按已知的方法制备，如通过使用球磨机在生理适用性油中研磨晶状类胡萝卜素。
类胡萝卜素制剂尤其适宜用作食物制品，特别是饮料制品的着色添加剂，作为生产药物和化妆品制剂的成分，和用于制备人和动物用的食品添加剂。
原则上，所有前述类型的制剂适宜使用本发明类胡萝卜素制剂用于食品着色。因此，饮料的着色可使用，例如，含上述浓度的β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素混合物的乳液、增溶物或水分散性干粉。
含油分散体即使在很低浓度时也具有很强的着色能力。它们适于加入到油相中而将油类和脂类，及食品类例如人造奶油、奶油、乳酪制品、冰淇淋、汤、酱油和蛋类制品着色。
然而，将含本发明类胡萝卜素混合物的干粉加入到乳制品中，如酸乳、乳类饮料或奶油冰淇淋，和牛奶冻粉剂、烘焙混合物以及蜜饯如果胶中也是可能的。
本发明涉及含有上述β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素混合物的类胡萝卜素制剂的食物添加剂、动物饲料、人食品及药学和化妆品制剂。
含有本发明类胡萝卜素混合物的食物添加剂产品和药学制剂具体是指未包衣和包衣的片剂，和硬、软胶囊。优选的食品添加剂产品是软胶囊，胶囊中的类胡萝卜素作为含油悬浮液存在。胶囊中类胡萝卜素含量范围是β-胡萝卜素0.5～20mg、番茄红素0.5～20mg和叶黄素0.5～20mg，优选β-胡萝卜素1～15mg、番茄红素1～15mg和叶黄素1～10mg，特别优选的范围是β-胡萝卜素2～10mg、番茄红素2～10mg和叶黄素1～5mg。
化妆品制剂，例如局部施用制剂的例子，如膏霜和洗液，含本发明的类胡萝卜素制剂，优选是乳液形式，口服化妆品制剂，例如，包衣片剂可能含有作为含油悬浮液的类胡萝卜素。
下面的实施例详细解释本发明制剂的制备。
实施例1一种含油的β-胡萝卜素/番茄红素/叶黄素分散体的制备
将350g晶状β-胡萝卜素、180g晶状番茄红素和70g晶状叶黄素及25gα-生育酚搅拌加入到1850g中链的甘油三酯(DeliosSK由Grünau供应)中。使用桨式搅拌机持续搅拌直至得到均质的悬浮液。将混合物转移至可搅拌的收集器中，在此收集器中通过蠕动泵将悬浮液运送到连续运转的Dyno Mill KDL专用球磨机中，所述研磨机的研磨容器装有480g Dragonit 25(直径850-1230μm)研磨颗粒。搅拌器轴速为450rpm。收集研磨机中形成的细小悬浮液。平均颗粒大小为15μm。
实施例2一种含油的β-胡萝卜素/番茄红素/叶黄素分散体的制备
使用实验室搅拌器将100g 30重量％β-胡萝卜素分散体(Lucarotin30 M购自BASF)、50g 20重量％番茄红素分散体(FloraGLO20购自Kemin)和100g 10重量％叶黄素分散体在玉蜀黍油(使用0.6-0.8mm玻璃珠作为研磨颗粒在Dyno-Mill中制成)中于烧杯中室温下剧烈混合。
实施例3一种β-胡萝卜素/番茄红素/叶黄素增溶物的制备
将预加热到65℃的在2500g聚氧化乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇一硬脂酸酯中的150g晶状β-胡萝卜素、50g晶状番茄红素和25g晶状叶黄素的悬浮液以2.2kg/h的速度进料到具有内直径2mm和长度12m的加热旋管中，并浸入保温在190℃的油浴中。从热交换器出来后温度为164℃时，并驻留62秒后，将类胡萝卜素混合物溶于乳化剂中。在接下去的混合室中(该设备的细节可在EP-A-0 479 066描述中找到)，类胡萝卜素溶液与25℃水(通过量：5.4kg/h)以62℃混合温度进行紊流搅拌。通过压力控制阀在20大气压力时将增溶物排出。得到类胡萝卜素含量为2.0重量％(β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素的比值为1∶0.33∶0.17)和胶束大小为20nm的深红色、胶束类胡萝卜素溶液。
实施例4一种β-胡萝卜素/番茄红素/叶黄素乳剂的制备a)56g蒸馏水和5.6g 3-摩尔氢氧化钠溶液在100ml烧杯中60℃水浴加热。然后加入7g抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯，用磁力搅拌器搅拌混合物直至产生几乎清澈的溶液。b)385g甘油在60℃水浴中加热并使用磁力搅拌器一边缓慢搅拌一边与a)步骤制备的溶液混合。c)22g晶状β-胡萝卜素、8g晶状番茄红素、4g晶状叶黄素、5.6gα-生育酚和166g分馏椰子油(Miglyol810，购自Hüls，Troisdorf)在油浴中加热，185℃保温，同时使用桨式搅拌机搅拌25分钟，在此期间类胡萝卜素溶解。d)使用齿状边缘的分散器(Ultraturrax)用2分钟时间将步骤c)制备的溶液在步骤b)制备的溶液中乳化。产生的乳剂冷却至50℃，然后通过800大气压的高-压匀浆器一次而匀浆。得到平均颗粒大小为0.2μm和类胡萝卜素含量为5.0重量％的乳剂。
实施例5一种β-胡萝卜素/番茄红素/叶黄素干粉的制备
将600g晶状β-胡萝卜素、300g晶状番茄红素和100g晶状叶黄素在氮气环境中加入到584g明胶(成霜数240)和100g抗坏血酸钠的2800g脱气水的水溶液中。悬浮液在球磨机中研磨1小时后，将该精细研磨的悬浮液加入到1300g明胶和2044g蔗糖的脱气水溶液中。该溶液另外含有9.5g抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯作为乳化剂和14.3g的生育酚作为抗氧剂。将剧烈搅拌之后获得的分散体用已知的方法进行喷雾-干燥。得到类胡萝卜素含量为15重量％的干粉。

Claims (14)

1.一种包含5～35重量％的β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素混合物的含油分散体，其中该分散体的磷含量小于β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素混合物总重量的2.0％。
2.根据权利要求1的含油分散体，其中该分散体的磷含量小于β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素混合物总重量的0.02％。
3.根据权利要求1的含油分散体，其中β-胡萝卜素和番茄红素是合成制备的。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项的含油分散体，其中包含1份β-胡萝卜素、0.05～20份番茄红素和0.05～20份叶黄素的混合物。
5.根据权利要求4的含油分散体，其中包含1份β-胡萝卜素、0.3～1.5份番茄红素和0.1～0.5份叶黄素的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1至3任一项的含油分散体，其中用于类胡萝卜素混合物的各组分分别具有大于75重量％的纯度。
7.根据权利要求4的含油分散体，其中用于类胡萝卜素混合物的各组分分别具有大于75重量％的纯度。
8.根据权利要求1至3任一项的含油分散体，另外包括0.01～40重量％的一种或多种其它活性物质。
9.根据权利要求7的含油分散体，另外包括0.01～40重量％的一种或多种其它活性物质。
10.权利要求1至9任一项定义的含油分散体在制备食物添加剂中或作为动物饲料、人类食物、药学制剂或化妆品制剂的添加剂的应用。
11.权利要求10所述的应用，其中食品添加剂和药学制剂为软明胶胶囊形式。
12.一种包含权利要求1至9任一项定义的含油分散体的食物添加剂、动物饲料、人类食物、药学制剂或化妆品制剂。
13.权利要求12的食品添加剂、动物饲料、人类食物、药学制剂或化妆品制剂，其中食品添加剂和药学制剂为软明胶胶囊形式。
14.权利要求13的食品添加剂、动物饲料、人类食物、药学制剂或化妆品制剂，其中所述的软明胶胶囊包含0.5～20mgβ-胡萝卜素、0.5～20mg番茄红素和0.5～20mg叶黄素。
CN99121753A 1998-08-26 1999-08-26 含有β－胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素的混合物的类胡萝卜素制剂 Expired - Fee Related CN1094326C (zh)

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US20030031706A1 (en) 2003-02-13
US7056525B2 (en) 2006-06-06
US6261598B1 (en) 2001-07-17
KR20000017541A (ko) 2000-03-25
DK0981969T3 (da) 2007-05-07
EP0981969B1 (de) 2007-01-03
US20010019724A1 (en) 2001-09-06
CA2280629C (en) 2008-04-15
ATE349917T1 (de) 2007-01-15
CA2280629A1 (en) 2000-02-26
CN1251745A (zh) 2000-05-03
DE19838636A1 (de) 2000-03-02
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