CN111168428B - Combined clamp and method for machining small arc centripetal hole - Google Patents
Combined clamp and method for machining small arc centripetal hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN111168428B CN111168428B CN201911187171.9A CN201911187171A CN111168428B CN 111168428 B CN111168428 B CN 111168428B CN 201911187171 A CN201911187171 A CN 201911187171A CN 111168428 B CN111168428 B CN 111168428B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
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Abstract
The invention relates to a combined clamp and a method for machining a small arc-section centripetal hole, belonging to the field of machining; comprises a base, a positioning block and a construction bolt; the base is of a columnar structure with a flange plate arranged at the top end and is used for supporting the whole combined clamp; a first through hole is formed in the end face, close to the outer edge, of the flange plate and used for mounting the structural bolt; the positioning block is arranged on the end face of the flange plate through a positioning pin and a screw, and a workpiece is tightly pressed and arranged on the circumferential surface of the positioning block through the structural bolt. The positioning part is decomposed into standard parts by the tool, the radius of the cylindrical surface of the positioning block is only required to be changed according to different specifications of parts, the design and manufacturing period is shortened, the material utilization rate is greatly improved, and the cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining, and particularly relates to a combined clamp for machining a small arc-section centripetal hole and a calculation method.
Background
With the continuous development of aerospace industry in China, parts with different shapes are more and more, such as small arc plugs and small arc plugs, and the products need to be processed into centering holes. The processing method commonly used for the parts at present is to process the parts on a horizontal milling machine, take the inner cylindrical surface of the parts as a positioning surface, clamp the positioning surface on the outer cylindrical surface of a disc tool, and enable the outer cylindrical surface of the disc tool and the inner cylindrical surface of the parts to have equal radius. The tool is characterized by single adaptability, and the special disc tool is required to be designed for parts of each specification, so that the specifications of the parts are various at present, and the manufacturing cost is greatly increased; and for parts with different specifications, the tool in the prior art needs to be clamped, positioned and corrected before being used every time, so that errors are easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows:
in order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the combined clamp and the method for machining the centripetal hole of the small arc section.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a modular fixture that is used for processing of little segmental arc centripetal hole which characterized in that: comprises a base, a positioning block and a construction bolt; the base is of a columnar structure with a flange plate arranged at the top end and is used for supporting the whole combined clamp; a first through hole is formed in the end face, close to the outer edge, of the flange plate and used for mounting the structural bolt;
the positioning block is of a symmetrical plate-shaped structure, and the peripheral surface of one side of the positioning block is a cylindrical surface; the circle center of the cylindrical surface is positioned on the symmetry axis of the positioning block, and the arc radius of the cylindrical surface is the same as the radius of the inner cambered surface of the workpiece to be processed; the positioning block is arranged on the end face of the flange plate through a positioning pin and a screw, so that the cylindrical surface of the positioning block faces the outer edge of the flange plate, and the symmetry axis of the positioning block is positioned on the central line of the end face of the flange plate; a second through hole is formed in the symmetric shaft of the positioning block and is arranged opposite to the first through hole of the flange plate, and a through groove is formed in the end face of the positioning block along the radial direction of the second through hole;
the structural bolt is of an L-shaped structure, one end arm of the structural bolt is a screw rod, and the other end arm of the structural bolt is a cuboid rotating rod; the cuboid rotating rod is arranged in the through groove on the positioning block, the circumferential rotation of the cuboid rotating rod is limited through the through groove, and the part of the cuboid rotating rod protruding out of the outer edge of the positioning block is used for pressing a workpiece to be processed; the screw rod sequentially penetrates through the second through hole and the first through hole, and the bottom surface of the flange plate is screwed down through a nut.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the base is of a hollow cylindrical structure, one end of the base is closed through the flange plate, the other end of the base is open, and an annular boss is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the open end.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the upper end of the first through hole of the base is a unthreaded hole, the lower end of the first through hole is a threaded hole, and the lower end threads of the first through hole are matched with the screw rod of the structural bolt for installation.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the outer peripheral surface of the positioning block consists of two cylindrical surfaces with unequal radii, and the circle centers of the two cylindrical surfaces are both positioned on the symmetry axis of the positioning block; the positioning block is provided with two positioning pin holes and three threaded holes, the positioning pin holes and the threaded holes are positioned on the same circumference, and the circle center of the circumference is concentric with the circle center of a cylindrical surface of the positioning block facing the circle center of the flange plate; the two positioning pin holes are symmetrically arranged relative to the symmetry axis of the positioning block and used for installing positioning pins and limiting the positions of the positioning blocks on the base; the threaded hole is used for installing a screw and fixing the positioning block on the base.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the end of the cuboid rotating rod of the structural bolt is provided with a boss for pressing a workpiece to be processed.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: four locating blocks are uniformly distributed on the end face of the flange plate of the base along the circumferential direction, and are respectively fixed through four construction bolts, so that four workpieces to be processed can be clamped.
A small arc section centripetal hole machining method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mounting the base on a rotary worktable of a horizontal milling machine, and aligning the axis of the flange plate of the base to be coincident with the rotary center of the worktable of the machine tool; the positioning block is arranged on the end face of the flange plate through a positioning pin and a screw; the inner arc surface of the workpiece to be processed is tightly attached to the cylindrical surface of the fixed block, the workpiece is tightly pressed on the base through a structural bolt, and then the workpiece is screwed down through a nut;
step two: setting XOZ as a machine tool coordinate, O as a machine tool coordinate origin, OX as a machine tool x axis and OZ as a machine tool main shaft; calculating the distance x1 between the central line of the centripetal hole of the workpiece to be machined and the spindle of the machine tool by the following formula:
when R > z1, z2 ═ R-z1
x1＝z2*sinα＝(R-z1)*sinα (1)
When R < z1, z2 ═ z1-R
x1＝z2*sinα＝(z1-R)*sinα (2)
Combining the formulas (1) and (2) to obtain:
x1＝z2*sinα＝│R-z1│*sinα (3)
wherein R is the radius of the outer arc surface of the workpiece to be processed, z1 is the radial distance from the origin of coordinates of the machine tool to the outer arc surface of the workpiece to be processed, z2 is the distance from the origin of coordinates of the machine tool to the center of the circle of the workpiece to be processed, and alpha is the angle of rotation of the machine tool workbench around the center of the circle of the workpiece to be processed;
step three: according to the distance x1 between the central line of the centripetal hole of the workpiece to be machined and the spindle of the machine tool, when R is more than z1, the machine tool worktable translates x1 along the positive direction of the x axis, and when R is more than z1, the machine tool worktable translates x1 along the negative direction of the x axis; the center line of the centripetal hole on the machine tool spindle and the workpiece to be processed is superposed, and then the centripetal hole processing can be carried out.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by adopting the clamping principle of the positioning block combined clamp, the clamp and the workpiece reference can be ensured to be unified, and the purposes of accurate positioning and quick assembly are achieved;
(2) the manufacturing and the use are simple, the accurate positioning of the part can be ensured while clamping and aligning, and the processing precision of the part centering hole is ensured;
(3) traditional disc frock base and location portion are integrative, compare with traditional disc frock, and this frock decomposes into standard part with the location portion, only needs to change 8 radiuses on the locating piece face of cylinder according to the different specifications of part, design and shorten with manufacturing cycle, and material utilization promotes by a wide margin, has practiced thrift the cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the initial coordinates of a workpiece to be machined according to the present invention R > z 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic coordinate diagram of a workpiece to be processed with R > z1 rotated by an angle α according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the initial coordinates of a workpiece to be processed with R < z1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the coordinates of a workpiece to be processed, which is rotated by an angle α according to the present invention, where R < z 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a tooling fixture of the present invention, wherein 5a is a cross-sectional view and 5b is a top view;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the base of the present invention, wherein 6a is a bottom view, 6b is a cross-sectional view taken along the centerline of the bottom surface, 6c is a cross-sectional view A-A of 6a, and 6d is a top view;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the positioning block of the present invention, wherein 7a is a front view, 7b is a side view, and 7c is a sectional view taken along line A-A of 7 a;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a configurated bolt of the present invention, wherein 8a is a front view and 8b is a side view;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of a workpiece structure.
Description of reference numerals: 1. the bolt, 2, the locating block, 3, the structural bolt, 4, the workpiece, 5, the base, 6, the nut, 7, the locating pin and 8, the cylindrical surface of the locating block.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Example one
The machining device is used for machining a centripetal hole in a small arc section and comprises a screw 1, a positioning block 2, a structural bolt 3, a workpiece 4, a base 5 and a nut 6. As shown in fig. 5. Wherein:
Referring to fig. 7, the positioning block 2 is installed on a disc flange on the top of the base through a positioning pin 7 and a screw 1, the positioning block is in the shape of two cylindrical surfaces with unequal radiuses, the radius of the cylindrical surface 8 is the same as that of an inner cylindrical surface of a machined part, the circle center 8 of the cylindrical surface is coincident with that of the inner cylindrical surface of the part, and the surface of the positioning block is provided with a through hole, a positioning pin hole and a' U-. The structure and the size of the positioning blocks are the same, but the sizes of the positioning cylindrical surfaces 8 of the positioning blocks are different, and the radiuses of the different positioning cylindrical surfaces 8 are the same as the radiuses of the corresponding inner cylindrical surfaces of the workpieces.
Referring to fig. 8, the structural bolt 3 is an L-shaped structure, one end arm of the structural bolt is a screw rod, and the other end arm of the structural bolt is a cuboid rotating rod; the cuboid rotating rod is arranged in a through groove on the positioning block, the circumferential rotation of the cuboid rotating rod is limited through the through groove, and the part of the cuboid rotating rod, which protrudes out of the outer edge of the flange plate, is used for pressing a workpiece to be processed; the screw rod sequentially penetrates through the second through hole and the first through hole, and the bottom surface of the flange plate is screwed through the nut 6.
When a workpiece is clamped, the base is installed on a rotary table of a horizontal milling machine, the axis of a disc flange at the top of the base is aligned to coincide with the rotary center of the machine tool table, the positioning block is placed on the appropriate position of the base, a pin hole in the positioning block is basically coincident with a pin hole of the base, the positioning pin is installed, the positioning block is tightly pressed on the end face of the base through a screw, the inner cylindrical surface of the workpiece is tightly attached to the cylindrical surface 8 of the base, the workpiece is tightly pressed on the base through a construction bolt, and the part is connected with.
During machining, the distance z1 between the outer cylindrical surface of the threaded hole of the workpiece and the center of the top flange is measured.
As shown in figure 1, XOZ is the coordinate of the machine tool, O is the origin of the coordinate of the machine tool, OX is the x axis of the machine tool, OZ is the main axis (z axis) of the machine tool, the geometric center of the base coincides with the origin of the coordinate of the machine tool, O ' is the center of the workpiece, O ' B is the center line of the hole to be machined, when the center of the workpiece O ' is on the extension line of AO, namely R > z1When the machine tool worktable rotates by an angle alpha, the angle alpha is rotated around the O point by an angle delta AO 'B, as shown in figure 2, at the moment, the O' B is parallel to the z axis, the OC is parallel to the x axis, the central line of the processed centripetal hole is parallel to the machine tool spindle (the z axis), the central line of the processed centripetal hole has a certain distance OC with the machine tool spindle, and the OC distance x is calculated1The machine tool table being translated x along the x-axis1And then, the central line of the centripetal hole on the machine tool spindle and the workpiece is superposed, and the centripetal hole machining can be carried out.
z2＝R-z1
x1＝z2*sinα＝(R-z1)*sinα……………………(1)
R is the outer circle radius of the workpiece, z1The distance from the outer circle surface of the workpiece to the rotation center of the workbench, alpha is the angle of the processed centripetal hole, R, z1And alpha is known.
As shown in figure 3, XOZ is the coordinate of the machine tool, O is the origin of the coordinate of the machine tool, OX is the x axis of the machine tool, OZ is the main axis of the machine tool (z axis), the geometric center of the base coincides with the origin of the coordinate of the machine tool O, O ' is the center of the workpiece, O ' B is the center line of the hole to be machined, when the center of the workpiece O ' is on AO, that is, R < z1When the machine tool worktable rotates by an angle alpha,rotating delta AO 'B by an angle alpha around the point O, as shown in FIG. 4, at this time, O' B is parallel to the z-axis, OC is parallel to the x-axis, the central line of the processed centripetal hole is parallel to the machine tool spindle (z-axis), the central line of the processed centripetal hole has a certain distance OC with the machine tool spindle, and the OC distance x is calculated1The machine tool table translating in the negative x-axis direction1And then, the central line of the centripetal hole on the machine tool spindle and the workpiece is superposed, and the centripetal hole machining can be carried out.
z2＝z1-R
x1＝z2*sinα＝(z1-R)*sinα……………………(2)
R is the outer circle radius of the workpiece, z1The distance from the outer circle surface of the workpiece to the rotation center of the workbench, alpha is the angle of the processed centripetal hole, R, z1And alpha is known.
Then, combining the formulas (1) and (2) to obtain:
x1＝z2*sinα＝│R-z1│*sinα……………………(3)
when R > z1While the machine tool table is translated x along the x-axis1When R < z1While the machine tool table translates x along the negative x-axis direction1。
Example two
Taking the workpiece shown in fig. 9 as an example of machining, machining a centripetal threaded hole M3-6H, where R is 166.5mm, α is 2.5 °, z1 is 126mm,
x1＝z2*sinα
＝│R-z1│*sinα
＝│166.5-126│*sin2.5
＝40.5*0.0436
＝1.766
as known, R is larger than z1, the machine table translates 1.766mm along the x-axis direction, and the machine table rotates by 2.5 degrees, namely, the M3-6H centripetal threaded hole can be machined.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a modular fixture that is used for processing of little segmental arc centripetal hole which characterized in that: comprises a base, a positioning block and a construction bolt; the base is of a columnar structure with a flange plate arranged at the top end and is used for supporting the whole combined clamp; a first through hole is formed in the end face, close to the outer edge, of the flange plate and used for mounting the structural bolt;
the positioning block is of a symmetrical plate-shaped structure, and the peripheral surface of one side of the positioning block is a cylindrical surface; the circle center of the cylindrical surface is positioned on the symmetry axis of the positioning block, and the arc radius of the cylindrical surface is the same as the radius of the inner cambered surface of the workpiece to be processed; the positioning block is arranged on the end face of the flange plate through a positioning pin and a screw, so that the cylindrical surface of the positioning block faces the outer edge of the flange plate, and the symmetry axis of the positioning block is positioned on the central line of the end face of the flange plate; a second through hole is formed in the symmetric shaft of the positioning block and is arranged opposite to the first through hole of the flange plate, and a through groove is formed in the end face of the positioning block along the radial direction of the second through hole;
the structural bolt is of an L-shaped structure, one end arm of the structural bolt is a screw rod, and the other end arm of the structural bolt is a cuboid rotating rod; the cuboid rotating rod is arranged in the through groove on the positioning block, the circumferential rotation of the cuboid rotating rod is limited through the through groove, and the part of the cuboid rotating rod protruding out of the outer edge of the positioning block is used for pressing a workpiece to be processed; the screw rod sequentially penetrates through the second through hole and the first through hole, and the bottom surface of the flange plate is screwed down through a nut.
2. The modular fixture for machining radial center holes of small arc segments as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the base is of a hollow cylindrical structure, one end of the base is closed through the flange plate, the other end of the base is open, and an annular boss is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the open end.
3. The modular fixture for machining radial center holes of small arc segments as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper end of the first through hole of the base is a unthreaded hole, the lower end of the first through hole is a threaded hole, and the lower end threads of the first through hole are matched with the screw rod of the structural bolt for installation.
4. The modular fixture for machining radial center holes of small arc segments as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outer peripheral surface of the positioning block consists of two cylindrical surfaces with unequal radii, and the circle centers of the two cylindrical surfaces are both positioned on the symmetry axis of the positioning block; the positioning block is provided with two positioning pin holes and three threaded holes, the positioning pin holes and the threaded holes are positioned on the same circumference, and the circle center of the circumference is concentric with the circle center of a cylindrical surface of the positioning block facing the circle center of the flange plate; the two positioning pin holes are symmetrically arranged relative to the symmetry axis of the positioning block and used for installing positioning pins and limiting the positions of the positioning blocks on the base; the threaded hole is used for installing a screw and fixing the positioning block on the base.
5. The modular fixture for machining radial center holes of small arc segments as claimed in claim 1, wherein: four locating blocks are uniformly distributed on the end face of the flange plate of the base along the circumferential direction, and are respectively fixed through four construction bolts, so that four workpieces to be processed can be clamped.
6. A method for machining a small arc section centripetal hole by using the combined clamp of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: mounting the base on a rotary worktable of a horizontal milling machine, and aligning the axis of the flange plate of the base to be coincident with the rotary center of the worktable of the machine tool; the positioning block is arranged on the end face of the flange plate through a positioning pin and a screw; the inner arc surface of the workpiece to be processed is tightly attached to the cylindrical surface of the positioning block, the workpiece is tightly pressed on the base through a structural bolt, and then the workpiece is screwed down through a nut;
step two: setting XOZ as a machine tool coordinate, O as a machine tool coordinate origin, OX as a machine tool x axis and OZ as a machine tool main shaft; calculating the distance x1 between the central line of the centripetal hole of the workpiece to be machined and the spindle of the machine tool by the following formula:
when R > z1, z2 ═ R-z1
x 1＝z 2*sinα＝(R-z 1)*sinα (1)
When R < z1, z2 ═ z1-R
x 1＝z 2*sinα＝(z 1-R)*sinα (2)
Combining the formulas (1) and (2) to obtain:
x 1＝z 2*sinα＝│R-z 1│*sinα (3)
wherein R is the radius of the outer arc surface of the workpiece to be processed, z1 is the radial distance from the origin of coordinates of the machine tool to the outer arc surface of the workpiece to be processed, z2 is the distance from the origin of coordinates of the machine tool to the center of the circle of the workpiece to be processed, and alpha is the angle of rotation of the worktable of the machine tool around the center of the circle of the workpiece to be processed;
step three: according to the distance x1 between the central line of the centripetal hole of the workpiece to be machined and the spindle of the machine tool, which is obtained by calculation in the second step, when R is larger than z1, the machine tool workbench translates x1 along the positive direction of the x axis, and when R is smaller than z1, the machine tool workbench translates x1 along the negative direction of the x axis; the center line of the centripetal hole on the machine tool spindle and the workpiece to be processed is superposed, and then the centripetal hole processing can be carried out.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911187171.9A CN111168428B (en) | 2019-11-28 | 2019-11-28 | Combined clamp and method for machining small arc centripetal hole |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911187171.9A CN111168428B (en) | 2019-11-28 | 2019-11-28 | Combined clamp and method for machining small arc centripetal hole |
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| CN111168428B true CN111168428B (en) | 2021-03-30 |
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| CN112548599B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-11-18 | 重庆智展齿轮传动有限公司 | Method for accurately machining large-diameter porous workpiece |
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| JP3983975B2 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2007-09-26 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Clamping device |
| CN202592000U (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2012-12-12 | 昆山美仑工业样机有限公司 | Processing jig |
| CN106624871A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-05-10 | 西安航天动力机械厂 | Modularized positioning fixture for radial hole machining |
| CN206632702U (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-11-14 | 三峡大学 | A kind of thin-walled end-cap fixture |
| CN108994407B (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2020-05-15 | 中国航发南方工业有限公司 | Four-linkage guide blade interference air film hole positioning clamp, machining device and machining method |
| CN208929245U (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-06-04 | 湖北六和天轮机械有限公司 | A kind of outer clip champing jaw of flywheel processing |
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