CN109392395A - A kind of recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer - Google Patents

A kind of recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer Download PDF

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CN109392395A
CN109392395A CN201811392649.7A CN201811392649A CN109392395A CN 109392395 A CN109392395 A CN 109392395A CN 201811392649 A CN201811392649 A CN 201811392649A CN 109392395 A CN109392395 A CN 109392395A
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nitrogen
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郭跃升
江丽华
刘延生
卢桂菊
郭士杰
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Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/007Determining fertilization requirements
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Abstract

The recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer of the invention determines the nitrogen fertilizer recommendation dosage N in the corn growth period according to the target output of corn, soil nutrient statusT=NP*YM+(10‑M)*MC+CN, NTFor the nitrogen fertilizer recommendation dosage Y of corn per acreMFor the target output of corn, NPFor the nitrogen specific yield coefficient of corn, M is soil organic matter content measured value, MCFor soil organism usage factor, CNRecommend ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter for nitrogen.The recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer of the invention, calculation formula is scientific, simple, effective, solve that previous fertilization recommendation method is cumbersome, is not easy the drawbacks of controlling, scientific basis is given for amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer in the corn growth period, while guaranteeing corn yield, fertilising waste and influence of the excessive fertilization to environment are in turn avoided, beneficial effect is significant, is suitable for the application of popularization.

Description

A kind of recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer, more specifically, more particularly to a kind of synthesis examine Consider the nitrogen specific yield coefficient of corn, the organic matter of soil absorption or supplement, nitrogen and recommends ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter The recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer.
Background technique
Corn worldwide has the plantation of very large area, and cultivated area and yield are only second to rice and wheat, Therefore the rational application of fertilizer method of research and extension corn, can not only realize the saving of fertilizer, but also also ensure the yield of corn. It is multiple that currently used nutrient balance method fertilization recommendation is related to soil nutrient usage factor, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, nutrients uptake amounts etc. Parameter, calculating process is cumbersome, and the superposition of each parameter error causes recommendation results deviation to increase, and often will appear dose is Negative value or odd high situation.When Plentiful-lack index method fertilization recommendation, basic nutrient is more than or slightly lower several mg/ near graded index When kg, but there is the difference of great-jump-forward in recommendation results.Therefore, develop it is a kind of simple, calculate or convenient fertilising calculating side of tabling look-up Method is conducive to peasant and applies fertilizers scientifically.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in order to overcome the shortcomings of the above technical problems, provides a kind of recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer.
The recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer of the invention is determined according to the target output of corn, soil nutrient status Nitrogen fertilizer recommendation dosage N in the corn growth periodT:
NT=NP*YM+(10-M)*MC+CN (1)
In formula (1), NTFor the nitrogen fertilizer recommendation dosage of corn per acre, units/kg/mu, YMFor the target output of corn, units/kg/ Mu, NPFor the nitrogen specific yield coefficient of corn, size is equal to corn specific yield nitrogen fertilizer absorption amount;M contains for the soil organism Measure definite value, unit g/kg, MCFor soil organism usage factor, CNRecommend ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter for nitrogen.
The recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer of the invention, the nitrogen specific yield coefficient N of the cornPValue is 0.02, the usage factor M of the soil organismCValue is 0.25, and formula (1) is converted into formula (2):
NT=0.02*YM+(10-M)*0.25+CN (2)
Wherein nitrogen recommends ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter CNValue range is respectively 1~3.5.
The recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer of the invention, the target output of corn are not recommended to make when being lower than 400kg/ mus Use phosphate fertilizer;When target output is higher than 400kg/ mus, corn growth week is determined according to the target output of corn, soil nutrient status Phosphate fertilizer in phase recommends dosage PT:
PT=PP*(YM-400)+(20-PS)*PC+CP (3)
In formula (3), PTRecommend dosage, units/kg/mu, Y for the phosphate fertilizer of corn per acreMFor the target output of corn, units/kg/ Mu, PPFor the phosphate unit output coefficient of corn, size is equal to corn specific yield phosphate fertilizer uptake;PSContain for soil available phosphorus Measure definite value, unit mg/kg, PCFor soil available phosphorus usage factor, CPRecommend ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter for phosphorus.
The recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer of the invention, the phosphate unit output coefficient P of the cornPValue is 0.02, the usage factor P of soil available phosphorusCValue 0.15, formula (3) are converted into formula (4):
PT=0.02* (YM-400)+(20-PS)*0.15+CP (4)
Wherein phosphorus recommends ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter CPValue range be respectively 0~2.5.
The recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer of the invention, contains according to the target output of corn and soil effective K Amount determines that the potash fertilizer in the corn growth period recommends dosage K by table 1T:
Table 1
[indicating to contain endpoint value) therein indicates to be free of endpoint value;When the target output of corn does not have corresponding value in table 1 When, then it is poor to determine potassium recommendation fertilizer amount K with interpolation methodT
The recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer of the invention, the nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer recommend dosage NT、PT、KTIt respectively refers to Pure N, pure P2O5, pure amount K2O, corresponding fertilizer amount needs are calculated according to its nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content.
The recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer of the invention, the target output Y of the cornMValue between nearest 3 Between 3 years maximum outputs and the 120% of nearest 3 three years maximum outputs.
The recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer of the invention, the survey of the soil organism, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content Determine method are as follows: 10-15 soil sample point is determined according to " S " the type method of layouting in target farmland, in the 20- of each sample point 40cm depth takes three parts of soil and retains, in the lab according to three parts of soil measure respectively each sample point organic matter, Available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content obtain organic matter, available phosphorus, the quick-acting potassium content in target farmland after being averaging to all sample points.
The recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer of the invention, nitrogen, phosphorus recommend ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter CN、 CP's Value is respectively 2,1 for Northwest Shandong Plain area, is respectively 2.5,0 for the Hills And Low Mountains of east in Shandong Province, for middle areas in Shandong Province mountain It is respectively 2.5,0.5 for ground hills area, is respectively 1.5,0.5 for the region of no relief of middle areas in Shandong Province the north, it is flat for middle areas in Shandong Province south It is respectively 1.5,0.5 for former area, is respectively 2,1.5 for the salination area of east in Shandong Province north;The Northwest Shandong Plain established accordingly Area's corn recommended fertilizer retrieves table 2 are as follows:
Table 2
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer of the invention, is produced using the target of corn Amount obtains nitrogenous fertilizer expense during corn growth, according to organic in soil multiplied by the specific yield nitrogen fertilizer absorption amount of corn The amount of nitrogenous fertilizer that the measured value of object obtains soil absorption multiplied by organic matter usage factor or can supplement finally is counting nitrogen recommendation life in State environment comprehensive corrects parameter, that is, obtains corn and reach the required scientific and reasonable calculation formula for applying nitrogenous fertilizer when target output, It is calculation formula science, simple, effectively, it solves that previous fertilization recommendation method is cumbersome, is not easy the drawbacks of controlling, is corn growth week Amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer gives scientific basis in phase, while guaranteeing corn yield, in turn avoids fertilising waste and excessive fertilization Influence to environment, beneficial effect is significant, is suitable for the application of popularization.
Specific embodiment
According to the target output Y of cornM, available phosphorus content measurement in soil with organic matter content measured value M and soil Value PS, determine the nitrogen fertilizer recommendation dosage N in the corn growth periodTAs shown in formula (1):
NT=NP*YM+(10-M)*MC+CN (1)
In formula (1), NTFor the nitrogen fertilizer recommendation dosage of corn per acre, units/kg/mu, YMFor the target output of corn, units/kg/ Mu, NPFor the nitrogen specific yield coefficient of corn, size is equal to corn specific yield nitrogen fertilizer absorption amount;M contains for the soil organism Measure definite value, unit g/kg, MCFor soil organism usage factor, CNRecommend ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter for nitrogen.
In formula (1), it is made of on the right side of equal sign 3 parts, part 1 NP*YMFor the target output and specific yield nitrogen of corn The product of fertile uptake, meaning are amount of nitrogenous fertilizer absorbed in corn growth process.Part 2 (10-M) * MCFor organic matter The nitrogenous fertilizer absorbed from soil with the product of soil organism usage factor, meaning for the nitrogenous fertilizer or corn of soil absorption, when When soil with organic matter content M < 10, (10-M) * MC> 0 shows that the organic matter in soil is not enough to be supplied to corn growth, But also the external nitrogenous fertilizer applied is needed to supplement the organic matter in soil;As soil with organic matter content M > 10, (10-M)*MC< 0 shows that the part organic matter in soil can be absorbed by corn growth and utilizes.Part III CNRecommend to give birth to for nitrogen State environment comprehensive corrects parameter, carries out value according to practical farm environment.
Phosphate fertilizer is not recommended to use when the target output of corn is lower than 400kg/ mus;When target output is higher than 400kg/ mus When, determine that the phosphate fertilizer in the corn growth period recommends dosage P according to the target output of corn, soil nutrient statusT:
PT=PP*(YM-400)+(20-PS)*PC+CP (3)
In formula (3), PTRecommend dosage, units/kg/mu, P for the phosphate fertilizer of corn per acrePFor the phosphate unit output coefficient of corn, Its size is equal to corn specific yield phosphate fertilizer uptake;PSFor soil available phosphorus assay value, unit mg/kg, PCFor soil Available phosphorus usage factor, CPRecommend ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter for phosphorus.
Similarly, it is also made of 3 parts on the right side of formula (3) equal sign, first part PP*(YM- 400) for greater than 400kg/ mus Target output and phosphate unit output coefficient product, meaning be corn growth process absorbed in phosphate fertilizer amount;Second Divide (20-PS)*PCFor the product of soil available phosphorus and its usage factor, the phosphate fertilizer amount for being soil absorption or the phosphate fertilizer quilt in soil The utilization of corn, as available phosphorus content P in soilS< 20g/kg, (20-PS)*PC> 0 demonstrates the need for additional phosphate fertilizer to soil Available phosphorus in earth is supplemented, and P is worked asSWhen > 20, then the part available phosphorus in soil can be absorbed by the growth of corn.Third Part CPRecommend ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter for phosphorus, value is carried out according to the actual environment in farmland.
Based on a large amount of fertilising investigation, experiment and demonstration data and related documents and materials, establish dose and crop yield, Soil nutrient content is mutually related fertilization recommendation empirical equation, nitrogen, phosphate unit output coefficient NP、PPValue be respectively 0.02, 0.02, the usage factor M of the soil organism, available phosphorusC、PCRespectively 0.25,0.15, in this way, nitrogen fertilizer recommendation dosage NTCalculating Formula (1) and phosphate fertilizer recommend dosage PTCalculation formula (3) be just separately converted to formula (2), (4):
NT=0.02*YM+(10-M)*0.25+CN (2)
PT=0.02* (YM-400)+(20-PS)*0.15+CP (4)
Wherein nitrogen recommends ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter CNValue range is respectively 1~3.5, and phosphorus recommends ecological environment is comprehensive to rectify Positive parameter CPValue range be respectively 0~2.5.
According to the target output of corn and soil effective K content, the potash fertilizer in the corn growth period is determined by table 1 Recommend dosage KT:
Table 1
[indicating to contain endpoint value) therein indicates to be free of endpoint value;When the target output of corn does not have corresponding value in table 1 When, then it is poor to determine potassium recommendation fertilizer amount K with interpolation methodT
Above-mentioned nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer recommend dosage NT、PT、KTRespectively refer to pure N, pure P2O5, pure amount K2O, corresponding fertilizer amount need It to be calculated according to its nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content.The target output Y of cornMValue between nearest 3 three years maximum outputs with Between the 120% of nearest 3 three years maximum outputs.
The measuring method of the soil organism, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content are as follows: layout method in target farmland according to " S " type It determines 10-15 soil sample point, take three parts of soil in the 20-40cm depth of each sample point and retains, in the lab The organic matter, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content for measuring each sample point respectively according to three parts of soil, after being averaging to all sample points Obtain organic matter, available phosphorus, the quick-acting potassium content in target farmland.
In the investigation of largely being applied fertilizer such as Yantai, Heze, Liaocheng, experiment and demonstration data, obtain: nitrogen, phosphorus recommend ecology Environment comprehensive corrects parameter CN、CPValue, for Northwest Shandong Plain area be respectively 2,1, for the Hills And Low Mountains of east in Shandong Province Respectively 2.5,0 are respectively 2.5,0.5 for middle areas in Shandong Province hilly area, are respectively for the region of no relief of middle areas in Shandong Province the north 1.5,0.5, it is respectively 1.5,0.5 for the region of no relief of middle areas in Shandong Province south, respectively 2 for the salination area of east in Shandong Province north, 1.5;The Northwest Shandong Plain area corn recommended fertilizer retrieval table 2 established accordingly are as follows:
Table 2
During practice, if the target output of Northwest Shandong Plain area corn is 600kg/ mus, the soil organism It for 10g/kg, then can be found by upper table 2, the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer of the application is 14.5kg;If soil organism detected value is 9g/kg then can seek nitrogen fertilizer amount by formula (2) due to not having corresponding content of organic matter value in table 2, can also be in table 2 Amount of nitrogenous fertilizer required when organic matter is 8g/kg, 10g/kg is found out, amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is being obtained by interpolation method.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer, which is characterized in that according to the target output of corn, soil nutrient status Determine the nitrogen fertilizer recommendation dosage N in the corn growth periodT:
NT=NP*YM+(10-M)*MC+CN (1)
In formula (1), NTFor the nitrogen fertilizer recommendation dosage of corn per acre, units/kg/mu, YMFor the target output of corn, units/kg/ Mu, NPFor the nitrogen specific yield coefficient of corn, size is equal to corn specific yield nitrogen fertilizer absorption amount;M contains for the soil organism Measure definite value, unit g/kg, MCFor soil organism usage factor, CNRecommend ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter for nitrogen.
2. the recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the nitrogen unit of the corn Output coefficient NPValue is 0.02, the usage factor M of the soil organismCValue is 0.25, and formula (1) is converted into formula (2):
NT=0.02*YM+(10-M)*0.25+CN (2)
Wherein nitrogen recommends ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter CNValue range is respectively 1~3.5.
3. the recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the target output of corn is low Phosphate fertilizer is not recommended to use when 400kg/ mus;When target output is higher than 400kg/ mus, supported according to the target output of corn, soil Point situation determines that the phosphate fertilizer in the corn growth period recommends dosage PT:
PT=PP*(YM-400)+(20-PS)*PC+CP (3)
In formula (3), PTRecommend dosage, units/kg/mu, Y for the phosphate fertilizer of corn per acreMFor the target output of corn, units/kg/ Mu, PPFor the phosphate unit output coefficient of corn, size is equal to corn specific yield phosphate fertilizer uptake;PSContain for soil available phosphorus Measure definite value, unit mg/kg, PCFor soil available phosphorus usage factor, CPRecommend ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter for phosphorus.
4. the recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the phosphate unit of the corn Output coefficient PPValue is 0.02, the usage factor P of soil available phosphorusCValue 0.15, formula (3) are converted into formula (4):
PT=0.02* (YM-400)+(20-PS)*0.15+CP (4)
Wherein phosphorus recommends ecological environment comprehensive correction parameter CPValue range be respectively 0~2.5.
5. the recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer according to claim 3, which is characterized in that produced according to the target of corn Amount and soil effective K content determine that the potash fertilizer in the corn growth period recommends dosage K by table 1T:
Table 1
[indicating to contain endpoint value) therein indicates to be free of endpoint value;When the target output of corn does not have corresponding value in table 1 When, then it is poor to determine potassium recommendation fertilizer amount K with interpolation methodT
6. the recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer push away Recommend dosage NT、PT、KTRespectively refer to pure N, pure P2O5, pure amount K2O, corresponding fertilizer amount need to be carried out according to its nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content It calculates.
7. the recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the target of the corn produces Measure YMValue between nearest 3 three years maximum outputs and the 120% of nearest 3 three years maximum outputs.
8. the recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the soil organism, The measuring method of available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content are as follows: determine 10-15 soil sample according to " S " the type method of layouting in target farmland Point takes three parts of soil in the 20-40cm depth of each sample point and retains, measured respectively according to three parts of soil in the lab Organic matter, available phosphorus, the quick-acting potassium content of each sample point obtain the organic of target farmland after being averaging to all sample points Matter, available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content.
9. the recommendation method of administration of corn nitrogen chemical fertilizer according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: nitrogen, phosphorus recommend ecological ring Border comprehensive correction parameter CN、CPValue, be respectively 2,1 for Northwest Shandong Plain area, for the Hills And Low Mountains of east in Shandong Province point Not Wei 2.5,0, for middle areas in Shandong Province hilly area be respectively 2.5,0.5, for the region of no relief of middle areas in Shandong Province the north be respectively 1.5,0.5, it is respectively 1.5,0.5 for the region of no relief of middle areas in Shandong Province south, respectively 2 for the salination area of east in Shandong Province north, 1.5;The Northwest Shandong Plain area corn recommended fertilizer retrieval table 2 established accordingly are as follows:
Table 2
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CN109429654A (en) * 2018-11-21 2019-03-08 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 A kind of recommendation method of administration of corn phosphatization fertilizer
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CN115049220A (en) * 2022-05-25 2022-09-13 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所 Distributed regional nitrogen application amount estimation method, system, computer device and medium
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